FY 2022 Annual Report and Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics

Carlton W. Reeves

Chair

Luis Felipe Restrepo

Vice Chair

Laura E. Mate

Vice Chair

Claire Murray

Vice Chair

Claria Horn Boom

Commissioner

John Gleeson

Commissioner

Candice C. Wong

Commissioner

Patricia K. Cushwa

Ex Ofcio

Jonathan J. Wroblewski

Ex Ofcio

UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMISSION

2022 ANNUAL REPORT AND

SOURCEBOOK OF FEDERAL SENTENCING STATISTICS

MEMORANDUM

TO: Members of Congress

Article III Judges

United States Attorneys

Federal Public and Community Defenders

  ChiefUnitedStatesProbationOfcers

FROM: United States Sentencing Commission

SUBJECT: Fiscal Year 2022 Annual Report and Sourcebook of Federal

Sentencing Statistics

Enclosed is a copy of the United States Sentencing Commission’s 2022 Annual

Report and Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics. The Annual Report

presents an overview of the Commission and highlights for the reader the

Commission’s major activities and accomplishments during the year. The

Sourcebook contains detailed descriptive statistics on the implementation of the

sentencing guidelines and provides district, circuit, and national sentencing data.

Launched in the fall of 2021, the Judiciary Sentencing INformation (JSIN) tool

providesveyearsofcumulativesentencingdataforsimilarly-situateddefendants.

The tool expands upon the Commission’s longstanding practice of providing

specialized sentencing data at the request of federal judges. JSIN now makes this

information available to the public at https://jsin.ussc.gov.

The 2022 Annual Report and Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics, quarterly

updates to federal sentencing data, and the Interactive Data Analyzer are also

available on the Commission’s website at https://www.ussc.gov/research.

Kenneth P. Cohen

Staff Director

James T. Strawley

Deputy Staff Director

Susan M. Brazel

Director of Administration

Jennifer S. Burita

Director of Legislative Affairs

Kathleen C. Grilli

General Counsel

Glenn R. Schmitt

Director of Research and Data

Raquel K. Wilson

Director of Education and Sentencing Practice

This document was produced and published at U.S. taxpayer expense.

ANNUAL REPORT

| 1

Table of Contents

ANNUAL REPORT

CONTENTS

Introduction 2

Agency Overview 2

Commissioners 2

Organization 3

Budget and Expenditures 4

Fiscal Year 2022 Activity Overview 5

Sentencing Policy Development 6

Conducting Research 7

Collecting and Reporting Sentencing Data 8

Training and Outreach 10

Summary 12

2 | 2022 Annual Report

Introduction

The United States Sentencing

Commission (“the Commission”) was created

by the Sentencing Reform Act provisions of the

Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984. The

Commission is an independent agency in the

Judicial Branch of the federal government, with

statutory duties that include:

• promulgating sentencing

guidelines to be considered by sentencing

judges in all federal criminal cases;

• collecting, analyzing, and

reporting sentencing data systematically

to detect new criminal trends, assess

federal sentencing policies, and serve as

a clearinghouse for federal sentencing

statistics;

• conducting research on sentencing

issues and serving as an information

center for the collection, preparation, and

dissemination of information on federal

sentencing practices; and

• providing specialized training to

judges,probationofcers,staffattorneys,

law clerks, prosecutors, defense attorneys,

and other members of the federal criminal

justice community on application of the

federal sentencing guidelines and federal

sentencing.

The Commission continually releases a

substantial amount of new and informative

sentencing data, research, and training

materials. As a result, interest in the work of

the Commission continues to generate strong

interest from sentencing courts, Congress, the

Executive Branch, and the general public. For

example, in 2022, the Commission’s website

received approximately 1.9 million hits and

averaged more than 44,000 visitors per month.

Agency Overview

Commissioners

The Commission consists of up to seven

votingmembersappointedtostaggeredsix-

year terms by the President with the advice

and consent of the Senate. By statute, at least

three of the commissioners shall be federal

judges, and no more than four may be members

of the same political party. The Attorney

General (or the Attorney General’s designee)

and the Chairperson of the United States

Parole Commission are ex ofcio members of the

Commission.

OnAugust4,2022,theSenateconrmed

a full slate of seven new commissioners—Judge

Carlton W. Reeves (Chair), Judge Luis Felipe

Restrepo (Vice Chair), Laura Mate (Vice Chair),

Claire Murray (Vice Chair), Judge Claria Horn

Boom, Judge John Gleeson, and Candice C.

Wong. (The commissioners’ bios can be found

on the Commission website: www.ussc.gov/

commissioners.)Theconrmationoftheseseven

commissionersmarksthersttimesince2018

that the Commission has had a voting quorum—

andthersttimesince1999thatafullslate

of seven voting commissioners was appointed

at once. Other commissioners include Patricia

K. Cushwa (ex ofcio, U.S. Parole Commission)

and Jonathan J. Wroblewski (ex ofcio, U.S.

Department of Justice).

Monthly Website Trafc (www.ussc.gov)

Sept 2022

125,000

250,000

Oct 2018

40,000

80,000

Users Pageviews

2022 Annual Report | 3

Organization

In FY 2022, the Commission staff was

dividedintotheOfcesoftheStaffDirector,

General Counsel, Education and Sentencing

Practice, Research and Data, Legislative Affairs,

and Administration and Technology.

The Ofce of the Staff Director

supervises and coordinates all agency functions.

Thedirectorofeachofceoutlinedabovereports

to the staff director, who in turn reports to the

Commissionchair.TheOfceofPublicAffairs

alsofallsunderthepurviewoftheOfceofthe

StaffDirector.Theofceworksjointlywithother

ofcestorespondtorequestsforinformation,

coordinate public events, and produce, edit, and

disseminate Commission work product. The

ofceisalsoresponsiblefortheCommission’s

website and social media communications.

The Ofce of General Counsel supports

the Commission on a variety of legal issues,

including the formulation and application of the

guidelines and guideline amendments, legislative

proposals, and statutory interpretations. Legal

staff monitor the district and circuit courts’

application and interpretation of the guidelines

and advise commissioners about statutes

affecting the Commission’s work. The legal staff

also provides training support in conjunction

withtheOfceofEducationandSentencing

Practice.

Inaddition,theofceperformsall

drafting services for the Commission, prepares

the Guidelines Manual for printing, formally

manages and maintains all papers and

exhibits received by the Commission that

constitute requests for Commission action on

sentencing policy development, coordinates the

Commission’s policy initiatives, and oversees the

annual guideline amendment cycle, including

providing notice to the public of proposed

amendments and obtaining witnesses for public

hearings.

The Ofce of Education and Sentencing

Practice performs the lead role in teaching

guideline application to judges, probation

ofcers,prosecutinganddefenseattorneys,and

other criminal justice professionals. The staff

develops training materials, participates in

the sentencing guideline segments of training

programs sponsored by other agencies, works

inconjunctionwiththeAdministrativeOfce

of the U.S. Courts and the Federal Judicial

Center to create webcasts that are aired on the

Commission’s website, and helps inform the

Commission about current guideline application

practices.Theofcealsooperatesthe“HelpLine”

to respond to guideline application questions

from guideline practitioners.

Acting Director

Alan C. Dorhoffer

Office of the

Staff Director

Office of Education &

Sentencing Practice

Office of

General Counsel

Office of

Legislative Affairs

Office of

Research & Data

Office of Administration

& Technology

Executive Assistant

& Counsel to the Chair

Judge Carlton W. Reeves

Chair

Judge John Gleeson

Candice C. Wong Judge Claria Horn Boom

Claire Murray

Vice Chair

Judge Luis Felipe Restrepo

Vice Chair

Laura E. Mate

Vice Chair

Patricia K. Cushwa

Ex Officio, U.S. Parole Commission

Jonathan J. Wroblewski

Ex Officio, U.S.Department of Justice

Director

Glenn R. Schmitt

General Counsel

Kathleen C. Grilli

Director

Jennifer S. Burita

Director

Susan M. Brazel

Director

Kenneth P. Cohen

Deputy Director

James T. Strawley

Conor D. Reynolds

4 | 2022 Annual Report

The Ofce of Research and Data

provides statistical and other social science

researchandanalysesonspecicsentencing

issuesandfederalcrime.Theofcereceives

documents from the federal courts concerning

the sentences imposed, analyzes, and enters

information from those documents into the

Commission’s comprehensive computer database,

andcreatesannualdatalesofsentencing

information.Individualoffenderdatales

(withoutindividualidentiers)fromFY2002to

the present are available on the Commission’s

website.WorkingwiththeOfceoftheGeneral

Counsel,theOfceofResearchandDataalso

collects information on organizations convicted

ofcrimesandonappealsledinindividualand

organizational cases.

Theofcestudiesavarietyofsentencing

issues, including changes in the types and

severity of federal crimes, demographic

characteristics and criminal history of federal

offenders,andsentencingtrends.Theofce

creates periodic reports on federal sentencing

practices and tracks the application of the

sentencing guidelines. These reports provide

data concerning the types of crimes committed,

the offenders who commit those crimes, and how

courts sentence offenders and use the guidelines.

Theofcealsoprovidesprojectionsoftheimpact

on the federal prison population of proposed

legislation and proposed guideline amendments.

The reports are distributed to the courts,

Congress, the Executive Branch, and the public.

The Ofce of Legislative Affairs serves

as the Commission’s liaison with Congress

on sentencing matters, monitors Congress’s

criminal law agenda and hearings, analyzes

legislative proposals, and takes the lead role in

responding to congressional inquiries, including

specicrequestsforfederalsentencingdata.The

ofcealsoprovidesservicesandinformationto

other external entities, including the judiciary,

Executive Branch agencies, academia, and

advocacygroups.Theofceworkscloselywith

theOfceofGeneralCounselonanalysesof

proposed and recently enacted legislation.

The Ofce of Administration and

Technology provides general support to

commissioners and staff regarding budget

andnance,contracting,humanresources,

facilities,andavarietyofotherofceactivities

andfunctions.Thisofcehasalsoincluded

twotechnology-relatedunits:theInformation

Technology unit and the Information Systems

unit. Together, these two units provide the

Commission the technological support necessary

to operate its computer networks, remote

capabilities, cybersecurity, website, records

management, and its extensive information

systems applications.

Consistent with its commitment to

continuously strengthen and expand its

technology and cyber security capabilities,

in 2022, the Commission launched plans to

separate the technology functions from the

administration functions. The Commission

decidednottollthevacantpositionofDeputy

DirectoroftheOfceofAdministrationand

Technology and instead create a new position—

DirectoroftheOfceofTechnology—tooverseea

separateOfceofTechnology.TheCommission

launchedanextensiverecruitingefforttollthis

specialized position, and when the position is

lled,theCommissionwillimplementitsplanto

createtheOfceofTechnologyasaseparateunit

within the agency.

Budget and Expenditures

For FY 2023, the Commission received an

annual appropriation of $21,641,000 to continue

tofulllstatutorydutiesenvisionedbythe

Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. The Commission

did not request program increases for FY 2022

or FY 2023. The Commission continues to

maximize its existing resources by prioritizing

cost-containmentandefciency.

2022 Annual Report | 5

FY 2022 Activity Overview

In FY 2022, the Commission took a leading

role in providing data and analysis relating

to the fairness and effectiveness of sentencing

and improving recidivism outcomes, with

thegoalofusingfederalresourcesefciently

and appropriately. The subsequent sections

of this report demonstrate the Commission’s

commitment to these principles and to meeting

its statutory requirements:

• Sentencing Policy Development

• Conducting Research

• Collecting and Reporting Sentencing Data

• Training and Outreach

In the absence of a voting quorum for

fouryears,theCommissionfacesasignicant

backlog of policy work that directs Commission

action in FY 2023 and 2024. The Commission

prioritizes implementation of important criminal

justice legislation, chief among them the First

StepAct(FSA)of2018(Pub.L.No.115-391).

Among other provisions, the FSA expanded

availability of compassionate release under 18

U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1) as well as the statutory safety

valve under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f). In addition, the

Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (Pub. L. No.

117-159),increasedpenaltiesforcertainrearms

offenders.

Public interest in the Commission’s work

is at historic highs. On September 29, 2022,

the newly reconstituted Commission published

for comment its notice of proposed priorities for

the amendment cycle ending May 1, 2023, and

received more than 8,000 letters from members

of Congress, the Department of Justice, judges,

federalpublicdefenders,probationofcers,

academics, advocacy groups, federal inmates and

their family members, and concerned members

of the public. This outpouring represented by far

the most public comment the Commission has

ever received in response to proposed priorities.

The Commission continues to expand and

strengthenitspublicoutreacheffortsinacost-

efcientmanner.In2022,theCommission’s

website received approximately 1.9 million hits

and averaged more than 44,000 users per month.

Thesenumbersreectanincreaseinusers

(+15.8%) from the previous year, and an increase

in sessions (+9.6%) for the fourth consecutive

year. The Commission also leverages social

media and uses cloud communication tools to

disseminateinformationbroadlyandefciently

and to provide frequent electronic public updates

on its work.

The Commission’s strategic investment

in information technology, automation, and

cybersecurityenablesittomeettheever-

increasing demand for its work product,

information, and services. For example, in

September 2021, the Commission launched

Judiciary Sentencing INformation (JSIN), an

online tool that provides comparative sentencing

data, which was not previously publicly

available. As of late 2022, JSIN was accessed

by more than 1,300 judges, prosecutors, defense

attorneys, and others each month and will

providethedataforatwo-yearpilotprogram

authorized by the Judicial Conference of the

United States to include comparative sentencing

data in presentence reports. In 2022, prior to the

pilot launch, JSIN data was cited in more than

1,700 presentence reports.

Data Questions?

Research staff can answer

general questions from the

public about Commission

data or datasets.

6 | 2022 Annual Report

Sentencing Policy Development

The sentencing guidelines established

by the Commission are core to the agency’s

mission. They provide federal judges with fair

and consistent sentencing ranges to consult at

sentencing by:

• incorporating the purposes

of sentencing (i.e., just punishment,

deterrence, incapacitation, and

rehabilitation);

• providing certainty and fairness

in meeting the purposes of sentencing by

avoiding unwarranted disparity among

offenders with similar characteristics

convicted of similar criminal conduct,

whilepermittingsufcientjudicial

exibilitytoconsiderrelevantaggravating

and mitigating factors; and

• reecting,totheextent

practicable, advancement in the

knowledge of human behavior as it relates

to the criminal justice process.

By statute, the Commission must submit

guideline amendments to Congress for its

review no later than May 1 of any given year.

The Commission’s policy priorities during its

initial abbreviated amendment cycle ending

May 1, 2023, focused on sentencing legislation

signed into law during the four years that the

Commission did not have a voting quorum.

TheCommission’srstpriorityis

implementation of the First Step Act of 2018.

The First Step Act expanded the availability

of compassionate release by authorizing

defendantstolemotionsontheirownunder

18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A), whereas before only

theDirectoroftheBureauofPrisonscouldle

such motions. Many courts of appeal have since

held that the Commission’s policy statement

governing compassionate release, §1B1.13, does

notapplytomotionsledbythedefendant.

This is cause for concern for two primary

reasons. First, in the absence of guidance from

theCommission,courtsarelefttollthevoid

themselves,adifculttasktoaccomplishinthe

uniform manner contemplated by either the

Sentencing Reform Act or the First Step Act

itself.

TheCOVID-19pandemichighlighted

thefactthatcourtswouldbenetfromclearer

guidance from the Commission. According

to a 2022 Commission report, Compassionate

Release: The Impact of the First Step Act and

COVID-19 Pandemic, courts decided 7,014

compassionate release motions in FY 2020,

grantingcompassionatereleasetoone-quarter

(25.7%) of those offenders. The number

of offenders granted relief increased more

than twelvefold compared to 2019—the year

immediately following passage of the First

Step Act. The report found, however, that the

likelihood of compassionate release motions

succeedingvariedsignicantlydependingonthe

circuitordistrictinwhichtheywereled.In

late 2022, the Commission released an updated

data report, Compassionate Release Data Report

for Fiscal Years 2020 to 2022, showing similar

ndings.

The First Step Act also expanded

eligibility for the safety valve to certain

offenders with more than one criminal history

point. The Commission is working to amend

§5C1.2 to recognize this change but must also

considerchangestothetwo-levelreduction

inthedrugtrafckingguidelineformeeting

the safety valve criteria. Responding to this

aspect of the First Step Act, however, may be

complicated by differing case law among the

circuits regarding the scope of the new statutory

safety valve criteria.

The Commission also prioritizes

implementation of criminal provisions contained

in the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act

(Pub.L.No.117-159),signedintolawin

June 2022. Among other provisions, this Act

created two new offenses at 18 U.S.C. §§ 932

and 933 further proscribing straw purchasing

andtrafckingofrearms.TheActincreased

the statutory maximum penalties for certain

2022 Annual Report | 7

rearmsoffenses,anditrevisedseveral

denitions.TheActalsoincludedadirective

to the Commission to review and amend the

guidelines to ensure that persons convicted

ofstrawpurchaseviolationsandrearms

trafckingoffensesaresubjecttoincreased

penalties in comparison to those currently

provided under the guidelines.

Additionalmulti-yearprioritiesinclude

continuation of the Commission’s examination

of the categorical approach in determining,

for example, whether an offense is a crime

of violence or a controlled substance offense.

Moreover, the Commission is considering

amendments to the criminal history guidelines

to account for recent recidivism research

regarding offenders with zero criminal history

points as well as the impact of status points at

§4A1.1(d).

Multi-yearprioritiesalsoinclude

possible amendments to limit the use of

acquitted conduct in applying the guidelines;

simplicationoftheguidelines;anexamination

ofconictingcaselawconcerningthevalidity

and enforceability of guideline commentary;

andastudyofcourt-sponsoreddiversionand

alternatives-to-incarcerationprograms.

Conducting Research

Research is a critical part of the Com-

mission’s mission and provides a valuable

resource to policymakers and the Commission’s

stakeholders. The Commission regularly an-

alyzes data to monitor how courts sentence

offenders and use the guidelines, and the agen-

cy routinely uses these analyses to inform its

proposed changes to the guidelines. The Com-

mission publishes many of its analyses as a

resource for Congress, the Executive Branch,

and the criminal justice community. Despite

not having a voting quorum until late FY 2022,

the Commission continued its robust research

agenda, releasing 14 research reports in 2022 as

well as numerous data reports.

Many of the research reports released in

FY 2022 are informing the Commission’s policy

priorities for the amendment cycle ending May

1, 2023.

November 2021

March 2022

June 2022

July 2022

January 2023

Recidivism of Federal Firearms

Offenders Released in 2010

Compassionate Release:

The Impact of the

First Step Act and

COVID-19 Pandemic

What Do Federal Firearms Offenses

Really Look Like?

Revisiting Status Points

Weighing the Impact of Simple

Possession of Marijuana

Recidivism of Federal Drug Trafﬁcking Offenders Released in 2010 (January 2022)

Recidivism of Federal Violent Offenders Released in 2010 (February 2022)

Overview of Federal Criminal Cases, Fiscal Year 2021 (May 2022)

Recidivism and Federal BOP Programs: Drug Program Participants Released in 2010 (May 2022)

Recidivism and Federal

BOP Programs:

Vocational Program

Participants Released

in 2010

Length of Incarceration

and Recidivism

Federal Sentencing of Illegal Reentry:

The Impact of the 2016 Guideline

Amendment

Life Sentences in

the Federal System

Older Offenders in

the Federal System

The Organizational Sentencing Guidelines:

30 Years of Innovation and Inﬂuence

(August 2022)

Federal Robbery: Prevalence, Trends, and

Factors in Sentencing (August 2022)

8 | 2022 Annual Report

For example, in May 2022, the Commission

released Compassionate Release: The Impact

of the First Step Act and COVID-19 Pandemic,

which describes trends in compassionate release

decisions during FY 2020, focusing on the impact

of the First Step Act and the dramatic impact

oftheCOVID-19Pandemic.TheCommission

also released two reports relevant to its work

implementingrearmslegislation,What Do

Firearms Offenses Really Look Like? (July 2022)

and Recidivism of Federal Firearms Offenders

Released in 2010 (November 2021), and two

reports relevant to its consideration of the

criminal history rules, Revisiting Status Points

(June 2022) and Weighing the Impact of Simple

Possession of Marijuana (January 2023).

The Commission also continued its focus

on studying recidivism, completing an extensive

series of reports examining federal offenders

released in 2010. In addition to the reports

onrearmsoffendersandstatuspoints,the

Commission released Recidivism of Federal

Drug Trafcking Offenders Released in 2010

(January 2022), Recidivism of Federal Violent

Offenders Released in 2010 (February 2022),

Length of Incarceration and Recidivism (June

2022), Recidivism and Federal Bureau of

Prisons Programs: Drug Program Participants

Released in 2010 (May 2022), and Recidivism of

Federal Bureau of Prisons Programs: Vocational

Program Participants Released in 2010 (June

2022). The latter two reports are particularly

noteworthyastheCommission’srstever

studies of the impact programming provided

by the Federal Bureau of Prisons has on the

recidivism of federal offenders who participate.

The Commission also released several

reports of topics of interest to Congress and

others, such as Federal Sentencing of Illegal

Reentry: The Impact of the 2016 Guideline

Amendment (July 2022), Life Sentences in the

Federal System (July 2022), Older Offenders in

the Federal System (July 2022), Federal Robbery:

Prevalence, Trends, and Factors in Sentencing

(August 2022), and The Organizational

Guidelines: Thirty Years of Innovation and

Inuence (August 2022).

The Commission plans to continue its

robust research agenda on timely and relevant

topics throughout FY 2024 and beyond.

Collecting and Reporting

Sentencing Data

To conduct the type of research outlined

in the previous section, the Commission

collects data regarding every felony and class

A misdemeanor offense sentenced each year.

Sentencing courts are statutorily required

tosubmitvesentencingdocumentstothe

Commission within 30 days of entry of judgment

in a criminal case:

(1) the charging document,

(2) the plea agreement,

(3) the presentence investigation report,

(4) the judgment and commitment order,

and

(5) the statement of reasons form.

The Commission analyzes these documents and

collects information of interest and importance

to policymakers and the federal criminal justice

community.

2022 Annual Report | 9

In FY 2022, the courts reported 64,142 felony and Class A misdemeanor cases to the

Commission. This represents an increase of 6,855 cases from FY 2021.

The race of federal offenders remained largely unchanged from prior years. In FY 2022,

47.4 percent of all offenders were Hispanic, 25.2 percent were Black, 23.0 percent were

White, and 4.4 percent were of another race.

Non-U.S.citizensaccountedfor31.2percentofalloffenders,adecreaseof2.4percentage

points from the prior year.

Drug offenses accounted for the largest single group of offenses in FY 2022, comprising

31.5 percent of all reported cases. Immigration cases accounted for the next largest group,

at27.5percent.Casesinvolvingrearmsandfraud,respectively,werethenextmost

common types of offenses after immigration cases. Together these four types of offenses

accounted for 82.1 percent of all cases reported to the Commission in FY 2022.

Among drug cases, offenses involving methamphetamine were most common, accounting

for 48.5 percent of all drug cases. The portion of drug cases involving fentanyl increased

markedly over the last year, such that fentanyl cases were the third most common among

all drug cases.

The average length of imprisonment in methamphetamine cases was 94 months, an

increase of four months from FY 2021. However, the average sentence imposed varied

across the other major drug types: in crack cocaine cases (70 months), powder cocaine

cases (68 months), fentanyl cases (65 months), heroin cases (66 months), and marijuana

cases (33 months).

In FY 2022, 64.7 percent of drug offenders were convicted of an offense carrying a

mandatory minimum penalty, compared to 67.7 percent of drug offenders in FY 2021.

In FY 2022, 67.8 percent of all offenders received sentences under the Guidelines Manual,

in that the sentence was within the applicable guideline range or was outside the

applicable guideline range and the court cited a departure reason from the Guidelines

Manual. Of all sentences, 41.9 percent were within the guideline range, compared to 42.8

percent in FY 2021.

303,948

Documents

Received, Analyzed

64,142

Individual Offenders

Sentenced

31.5%

Drug

Offenses

67.8%

Sentenced

Under the Manual

Fiscal Year 2022 Data Highlights

10 | 2022 Annual Report

The Commission makes sentencing data

available to the public in several ways. Analyses

of the data extracted from the sentencing

documents are reported in the Annual Report

and Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics,

which is available both in print and on the

Commission’s website, and its Interactive Data

Analyzer, which allows users to create and

customizetablesandgures.Asitdoeseach

year, the Commission issued short publication

providing a broad summary of sentencing data

for FY 2021, Overview of Federal Criminal Cases,

Fiscal Year 2021 (April 2022).

The Commission also disseminates on its

website key aspects of this data on a quarterly

basis, provides trend analyses of the changes

in federal sentencing practices over time, and

maintains updated data on topics of current

concern, such as the Compassionate Release Data

Report for Fiscal Years 2020 to 2022, which was

released in December 2022.

In June 2020, the Commission launched

its Interactive Data Analyzer. Using this tool,

Congress, judges, litigants, the media, and the

general public can now easily and independently

analyze sentencing data by their state, district,

orcircuit,andcanrenetheirinquirytodata

relatingtothespecictypeofcrimeofinterest.

This interactive tool utilizes the most current

data visualization techniques and technology

that will enable the Commission to easily add

features and new data in years to come.

In September 2021, the Commission

released an innovative tool called Judiciary

Sentencing INformation (JSIN). JSIN is an

onlinesentencingdataresourcespecically

developed with the needs of judges in mind

and at the request of judges, although it is

available to prosecutors, defense attorneys, and

the public at large through the Commission’s

website. The platform provides quick and easy

online access to comparative sentencing data

for similarly situated defendants, including the

types of sentences imposed and average and

median sentences. As of late FY 2022, JSIN was

accessed more than 1,300 times each month,

and its data was cited in approximately 1,700

presentence reports during the same period.

As required by 28 U.S.C. § 994(g) and

18 U.S.C. § 4047, the Commission considers

the impact of guideline amendments on the

federal prison population. Since FY 2012, the

Commission has made its prison and sentencing

impact analyses available to the public on its

website. The Commission is also often asked

by Congress to complete prison and sentencing

impact assessments for proposed legislation. In

addition, the Commission responds to general

data requests from Congress on issues such

asdrugs,immigration,fraud,rearms,and

sexoffenses.Itprovidesdistrict,state-wide,

and circuit data analyses to House and Senate

JudiciaryCommitteemembersand,onanas-

requested basis, to other members of Congress.

The Commission also responds to requests for

data analyses from federal judges, including

specicdatarequestsrelatingtopendingcases.

Training and Outreach

The Commission continues to provide

specialized seminars, workshops, and training

programsforjudges,probationofcers,law

clerks, prosecutors, and defense attorneys

on application of the guidelines and federal

sentencing generally. In 2022, the Commission

trainedjudges,attorneys,probationofcers,

law clerks, and others from nearly all 94 federal

districts.

The Commission’s previous investments in

eLearning, remote training platforms, and other

online resources consistently provided effective

andefcienttraining,evenduringthepandemic.

In FY 2022, the Commission conducted 22

virtual training sessions. Some of these

trainings involved multiple sessions within a day

or over the course of several days, and more than

3,300 individuals attended live online.

2022 Annual Report | 11

Online,state-of-the-artresourcesthe

Commission has built over the past several

years continue to provide training to all those

connected to federal sentencing. In FY 2022, the

Commission’s recorded courses were accessed

nearly 2,300 times, and eLearning courses were

accessed more than 5,000 times.

In March 2022, the Commission returned to

providingin-persontrainingprograms.During

thescalyear,theCommissionconducted28in-

person training programs attended by more than

1,100 individuals.

The Commission also maintains its

HelpLine, accessible by phone and online, that

responds to numerous questions each week from

judges,practitioners,andprobationofcers

regarding proper guideline application. In FY

2022, the HelpLine was accessed by United

StatesProbationOfcers,AssistantUnited

States Attorneys, Criminal Justice Act panel

attorneys, the private defense bar, assistant

federal public defenders, and court personnel,

including judges and law clerks.

Additionally, the Commission prioritizes

its outreach to Congress, keeping members

of Congress and their staff appraised of the

Commission’s work and reports, as well as

responding to requests for information.

The Commission offers

self-guidedeLearningmodules.

Visit https://www.ussc.gov/

product-type/elearning.

eLearning Courses

HelpLine

The HelpLine assists

practitioners in applying the

guidelines.

Contact:(202)502-4545

Hours:8:30a.m.-5:00p.m.(ET)

Monday – Friday

Virtual Training

We conduct remote training

sessions via video conferencing

technology.

Our virtual sessions are

interactiveandtailoredtot

your training needs.

Email Training@ussc.gov

to arrange a remote

training session.

Training Resources

12 | 2022 Annual Report

@TheUSSCGov

United States Sentencing Commission

www.ussc.gov

[email protected]

Summary

The United States Sentencing Commission

continuestofulllitsstatutoryresponsibilities,

including evaluating the fairness and

effectiveness of the sentencing guidelines,

advising Congress on federal sentencing policy,

and serving as a clearinghouse of timely

sentencing research and data. Furthermore,

the Commission is committed to providing this

current data and guidance to federal judges

through training and online information

resources.

The Commission’s efforts are calibrated

to protect public safety and provide that the

statutory purposes of sentencing are achieved.

The Commission will continue these efforts

going forward and is prioritizing ways to make

the guidelines work better, thus promoting

efciencyandeffectivenessandreducing

unnecessary litigation.

2022 Annual Report | 13

INTERACTIVE DATA ANALYZER

The Interactive Data Analyzer (IDA) is an online

toolthatcanbeusedtoexplore,lter,customize,

and visualize federal sentencing data. IDA presents

annual data that is refreshed periodically with the

latest information collected, received, and edited by

the Commission.

IDA offers prebuilt data dashboards for the four

most common crime types in the federal caseload

and for other common areas of interest. Users can

lterdatabyscalyear,jurisdiction,offender

characteristic, and more.

The Judiciary Sentencing INformation (JSIN)

platform is an online sentencing data resource

specicallydevelopedwiththeneedsofjudgesin

mind. The platform provides quick and easy online

access to sentencing data for similarly situated

defendants,basedonveyearsofcumulative

sentencing data for offenders sentenced under the

same primary guideline, and with the same Final

Offense Level and Criminal History Category.

JUDICIARY SENTENCING INFORMATION

Additional Resources

TheGuidelinesAppisaweb-basedappthatprovides

easy access to the full contents of the Guidelines

Manual on mobile devices, or desktop and laptop

computers. Features include:

• quick-searchbyguideline,amendment,

statute, or keyword;

• calculate drug equivalencies and ranges;

• bookmark, highlight text, and take notes; and

• easily share text of the manual.

GUIDELINES APP

14 | 2022 Annual Report

SOURCEBOOK OF FEDERAL

SENTENCING STATISTICS

16 | 2022 Sourcebook

| 17

SOURCEBOOK

CONTENTS

Introduction 27

Individual Offender Sentencing Data

Circuit and District Statistics 33

Primary Offense and Offender Characteristics 41

Sentencing Information 55

Guideline Application 69

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances 83

Federal Offenders by Type of Crime

Drug Offenses 107

Immigration Offenses 127

Firearms Offenses 139

Economic Offenses 151

Organizational Offender Sentencing Data 163

Sentencing Appeals 175

ResentencingsandOtherModicationsofSentence 191

Appendix A 197

Descriptions of Datales and Variables

Appendix B 215

Selected National Sentencing Statistics

Selected Sentencing Statistics by District are available at:

https://www.ussc.gov/research/sourcebook-2022

Table of Contents

18 | 2022 Sourcebook

| 19

SOURCEBOOK

FIGURES AND TABLES

Circuit and District Statistics

Figures Page

1 Federal Offenders in Each District 34

Tables

1 Federal Offenders in Each Circuit and District 35

2 Document Submission by Each Circuit and District 37

Primary Offense and Offender Characteristics

Figures Page

2 Federal Offenders by Type of Crime 45

3 Number of Federal Offenders Over Time 47

4 Non-CitizenStatusofFederalOffendersbyTypeofCrime 53

Tables

3 Conviction Type in Each Circuit and District 42

4 Change in Number of Federal Offenders by Type of Crime 46

5 Race of Federal Offenders by Type of Crime 48

6 Gender of Federal Offenders by Type of Crime 49

7 Age of Federal Offenders by Type of Crime 50

8 Age, Race, and Gender of Federal Offenders 51

9 Citizenship of Federal Offenders by Type of Crime 52

Education of Federal Offenders by Type of Crime

List of Figures and Tables

20 | 2022 Sourcebook

Sentencing Information

Figures Page

5 Guilty Pleas and Trials by Type of Crime 60

6 Sentence Type for Federal Offenders 61

Tables

11 Guilty Pleas and Trials in Each Circuit and District 56

12 Guilty Pleas and Trials by Type of Crime 59

13 Sentence Type by Type of Crime 62

14 Sentence Type by Citizenship and Sentencing Zone 63

15 Sentence Imposed by Type of Crime 64

16 Fine and Restitution by Type of Crime 65

17 Amount of Fine and Restitution Ordered by Type of Crime 66

18 Supervised Release by Type of Crime 67

19 RateofNon-PrisonSentencesforU.S.CitizenOffenders 68

Guideline Application

Figures Page

7 Criminal History Category of Federal Offenders 75

Tables

20 Federal Offenders Sentenced Under Each Chapter Two

Guideline

21 Federal Offenders Receiving Chapter Three Guideline

Adjustments

22 Acceptance of Responsibility Reductions by Type of Crime 74

23 Criminal History Points of Federal Offenders 76

24 Federal Offenders in Each Offense Level and Criminal History

Category

25 Federal Offenders in Each Guideline Sentencing Range 79

26 Number of Career Offenders and Armed Career Criminals by

Type of Crime

27 Sentence Length in Each Criminal History Category by Type of

Crime

28 Length of Imprisonment by Criminal History Category and

Type of Crime

| 21

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances

Figures Page

8 Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances Over

Time

9 Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range Over Time 86

Tables

29 Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range 84

30 Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range in Each

Circuit and District

31 Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range by Type of

Crime

32 Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range by Primary

Sentencing Guideline

33 Attribution Category for Sentences Outside of the Guideline

Range

34 Position of Within Guideline Range Sentences by Type of

Crime

35 Extent of Upward Departures by Type of Crime 96

36 Extent of Upward Variances by Type of Crime 97

37 Extent of §5K1.1 Substantial Assistance Departures by Type of

Crime

38 Extent of §5K3.1 Early Disposition Program Departures by

Type of Crime

39 Extent of Other Downward Departures by Type of Crime 100

40 Extent of Downward Variances by Type of Crime 101

41 Reasons Given by Sentencing Courts for Upward Departures

from the Guideline Range

102

42 Reasons Given by Sentencing Courts for Upward Variances

from the Guideline Range

103

43 Reasons Given by Sentencing Courts for Downward

Departures from the Guideline Range

104

44 Reasons Given by Sentencing Courts for Downward Variances

from the Guideline Range

105

List of Figures and Tables

22 | 2022 Sourcebook

Drug Offenses

Figures Page

D-1 Distribution of Primary Drug Type in Federal Drug Cases 108

D-2 MandatoryMinimumsPenaltiesinDrugTrafckingCases 122

D-3 SentenceLengthofDrugTrafckingOffendersbyMajorDrug

Type

124

D-4 NumberofDrugTrafckingOffendersbyMajorDrugType

Over Time

125

D-5 SentenceLengthofDrugTrafckingOffendersbyMajorDrug

Type Over Time

126

Tables

D-1 PrimaryDrugTypeofDrugTrafckingOffenders 109

D-2 RaceofDrugTrafckingOffenders 110

D-3 GenderofDrugTrafckingOffenders 111

D-4 AgeofDrugTrafckingOffenders 112

D-5 CitizenshipofDrugTrafckingOffenders 113

D-6 EducationofDrugTrafckingOffenders 114

D-7 CriminalHistoryCategoryofDrugTrafckingOffenders 115

D-8 WeaponInvolvementofDrugTrafckingOffenders 116

D-9 RoleAdjustmentofDrugTrafckingOffenders 117

D-10 Drug Amounts (in Grams) for Selected Base Offense Levels

and Drug Types

118

D-11 LengthofMandatoryMinimumPenaltiesinDrugTrafcking

Cases

119

D-12 ApplicationofRecidivistPenaltiesinDrugTrafckingCases 120

D-13 DrugTrafckingOffendersReceivingSafetyValveand

Mandatory Minimums Penalties

121

D-14 Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range for Drug

TrafckingOffenders

123

| 23

Immigration Offenses

Figures Page

I-1 Distribution of Immigration Offenders by Guideline 128

I-2 Number of Immigration Offenders Over Time 136

I-3 Sentence Length of Immigration Offenders Over Time 137

Tables

I-1 Race of Immigration Offenders 129

I-2 Gender of Immigration Offenders 130

I-3 Age of Immigration Offenders 131

I-4 Citizenship of Immigration Offenders 132

I-5 Criminal History Category and Citizenship of Immigration

Offenders

133

I-6 Education of Immigration Offenders 134

I-7 Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range for

Immigration Offenders

135

Firearms Offenses

Figures Page

F-1 Distribution of Firearms Offenders by Guideline 140

F-2 Firearm Mandatory Minimum Penalties 146

F-3 Convictions Under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) 147

F-4 Number of Firearms Offenders Over Time 149

F-5 Sentence Length of Firearms Offenders Over Time 150

Tables

F-1 Race of Firearms Offenders 141

F-2 Gender of Firearms Offenders 142

F-3 Age of Firearms Offenders 143

F-4 Citizenship of Firearms Offenders 144

F-5 Education of Firearms Offenders 145

F-6 Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range for

Firearms Offenders

148

List of Figures and Tables

24 | 2022 Sourcebook

Economic Offenses

Figures Page

E-1 Distribution of Economic Offense Offenders by Guideline 152

E-2 Number of Offenders in Each §2B1.1 Loss Table Category 160

E-3 Number of Economic Offense Offenders Over Time 161

E-4 Sentence Length of Economic Offense Offenders Over Time 162

Tables

E-1 Race of Economic Offense Offenders 153

E-2 Gender of Economic Offense Offenders 154

E-3 Age of Economic Offense Offenders 155

E-4 Citizenship of Economic Offense Offenders 156

E-5 Education of Economic Offense Offenders 157

E-6 Loss Amount of Economic Offense Offenders 158

E-7 Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range for

Economic Offense Offenders

159

Organizational Offender Sentencing Data

Figures Page

O-1 Organizational Offenders by Type of Crime 164

O-2 Number of Organizational Offenders Over Time 165

O-3 Organizational Offenders by Ownership Structure 166

O-4 Organizational Offenders by Type of Business 167

O-5 Size of Organizational Offenders by Number of Employees 168

O-6 Application of Chapter Eight Fine Guidelines 171

O-7 Culpability Factors Applied to Determine Fines Imposed on

Organizational Offenders

173

Tables

O-1 Fine and Restitution for Organizational Offenders by Type of

Crime

169

O-2 Amount of Fine and Restitution Ordered for Organizational

Offenders by Type of Crime

170

O-3 Chapter Eight Sentencing Components for Organizational

Offenders

172

O-4 Culpability Factors for Organizational Offenders 174

| 25

Sentencing Appeals

Figures Page

A Type and Disposition of Appeals Cases 176

Tables

A-1 Type of Appeal in Each Circuit and District 177

A-2 Disposition of Offender Original Sentencing Appeals in Each

Circuit and District

180

A-3 Disposition of Government Original Sentencing Appeals in

Each Circuit and District

183

A-4 Guideline Forming the Basis for Reversal or Remand in

Offender Appeals of the Original Sentence

186

A-5 Guideline Forming the Basis for Reversal or Remand in

Government Appeals of the Original Sentence

187

A-6 Reasonableness Issues Appealed in Cases Where the Original

Sentence Was Reversed or Remanded

188

A-7 Offense and Offender Characteristics in Original Sentence

Appeals Cases

189

A-8 Sentence Length for Offenders in Original Sentence Appeals

Cases by Type of Crime

190

Resentencings and Other Modications of Sentence

Figures Page

R Distribution of Offenders by Type of Resentencing or Other

ModicationofSentence

192

Tables

R TypeofResentencingorOtherModicationofSentencein

Each Circuit and District

193

List of Figures and Tables

26 | 2022 Sourcebook

INTRODUCTION

28 | 2022 Sourcebook

Introduction to the Sourcebook

of Federal Sentencing Statistics

Thisisthetwenty-seventheditionof

the United States Sentencing Commission’s

Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics.

This Sourcebook contains descriptive statistics

on the application of the federal sentencing

guidelines and provides selected district, circuit,

and national sentencing data. The volume

covers scal year 2022 (October 1, 2021,

through September 30, 2022, hereinafter

“2022”). This Sourcebook, together with the

2022 Annual Report, constitutes the annual

report referenced in 28 U.S.C. § 997, as well as

the analysis, recommendations, and accounting

to Congress referenced in 28 U.S.C. § 994(w)(3).

The Commission received documentation on

64,142 federal felony and Class A misdemeanor

casesinvolvingindividualoffendersinscal

year 2022.

The Commission coded and edited

information from the sentencing documents

in these cases into its comprehensive,

computerized data collection system.

TheCommissionrstreleasedsentencing

data in its 1988 Annual Report and reported

this data annually until 1996. That year,

the Commission compiled sentencing data

into a new publication, the Sourcebook of

Federal Sentencing Statistics. In 2019, the

Sourcebookeditionreportingscalyear2018

data was substantially revised and expanded.

Existingtableswererevisedtoreectcurrent

sentencingpractices.Manygureswere

updated to make them easier to understand

and were presented in color while others were

removed and the data on them presented in

new ways. Additional analyses regarding drug

and immigration crimes were added, and new

sectionsonrearmsandeconomicoffenses

were included. Trend analyses were added

to each of the major sections to show how

sentencing patterns had changed over the last

ten years. The Organizational Offender section

of the Sourcebook was also expanded. Finally,

Appendix B, which provides sentencing data for

each judicial district, was completely redesigned

toreectcurrentsentencingpractices.

Beginning with that 2018 Sourcebook,

important methodological changes were made

in the way the data was presented. Principal

among them was the way cases were assigned

to a “type of crime” (previously called offense

type).Beginningwithscalyear2018data,

the guideline (or guidelines) that the court

applied in determining the sentence determines

the crime type category to which a case is

assigned. Also, the names of some of the crime

type categories were revised and some outdated

categories were removed from the tables and

gures.Anotherimportantmethodological

change was that sentences were capped at 470

months for all analyses. Additionally, cases

involving the production of child pornography

were reassigned to the sexual abuse crime

type. Previously, these cases were assigned

to the child pornography offense type in the

Sourcebook.

Finally, beginning with the 2018

Sourcebook, the methodology used to analyze

the sentence imposed relative to the sentencing

range for the case as determined under

the Commission’s Guidelines Manual was

substantially revised. Sentences now are

grouped into two broad categories: Sentences

Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances.

The former category comprises all cases in

which the sentence imposed was within the

applicable guideline range or, if outside the

range, where the court cited one or more of the

departure reasons in the Guidelines Manual

as a basis for the sentence. Variance cases

are those in which the sentence was outside

the guideline range (either above or below)

and where the court did not cite any guideline

reason for the sentence. Data for important

subgroups within these two categories are also

reported.

Introduction | 29

Because of these methodological

changes, direct comparisons between data for

Sourcebooksfromscalyear2018andlater

years cannot always be made to data reported in

the Sourcebookforyearsbeforescalyear2018.

Background

The Commission collects and analyzes

data on federal sentences to support its

various activities. As authorized by Congress,

the Commission’s numerous research

responsibilities include: (1) the establishment

of a research and development program to serve

as a clearinghouse and information center for

the collection, preparation, and dissemination

of information on federal sentencing practices;

(2) the publication of data concerning the

sentencing process; (3) the systematic collection

and dissemination of information concerning

sentences actually imposed and the relationship

of such sentences to the factors set forth in

section 3553(a) of title 18, United States

Code; and (4) the systematic collection and

dissemination of information regarding the

effectiveness of sentences imposed.

The Commission maintains a

comprehensive, computerized data collection

system which forms the basis for its

clearinghouse of federal sentencing information

and which contributes to the agency’s research

mission.

Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 994(w), the chief

judge of each district is required to ensure

that, within 30 days of entry of judgment in

a criminal case, the sentencing court submits

a report of sentence to the Commission that

includes: (1) the Judgment and Commitment

Order, (2) the written Statement of Reasons, (3)

any plea agreement, (4) the indictment or other

charging document, (5) the Presentence Report,

and (6) any other information the Commission

requests.

Data from these documents are extracted

and coded for input into various databases. It

should be noted that data collection is a dynamic

rather than a static process. When research

questions arise, the Commission analyzes

its existing data or, when necessary, adds

information to its data collection system.

In 2012, the Commission began making

itsdatalesavailablethroughtheCommission’s

website.

The Commission’s computerized

datales,withoutindividualidentiers,are

alsoavailablethroughtheInter-University

Consortium for Political and Social Research at

the University of Michigan (ICPSR).

30 | 2022 Sourcebook

Datales

ForeachcaseinitsOffenderDatale,the

Commissionroutinelycollectscaseidentiers,

sentencing data, demographic variables,

statutory information, the complete range of

court guideline decisions, and departure and

variance information. In addition to its standard

data collection, the Commission often codes

additional variables to study various distinct

issues (e.g., type of conduct in fraud offenses,

criminal history).

TheCommission’s2022OffenderDatale

contains documentation on 64,142 felony

and Class A misdemeanor cases in which an

individual offender was sentenced between

October 1, 2021, and September 30, 2022. A

“case”isdenedasonesentencingeventforan

individual offender.

TheOrganizationalDatalecontains

documentation on organizations sentenced

pursuant to Chapter Eight of the Guidelines

Manual in 2022. The Commission collects

available data on organizational structure,

size, and economic viability; offense of

conviction; mode of adjudication; sanctions

imposed(includingprobationandcourt-ordered

compliance and ethics programs); and application

of the sentencing guidelines. The Commission

received information on 99 organizations

sentenced pursuant to Chapter Eight of the

Guidelines Manualinscalyear2022.

While the 2022 reporting year includes

cases sentenced between October 1, 2021, and

September 30, 2022, it is important to note

that the individual offender and organizational

data collected and analyzed in the 2022 Annual

Report and Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing

Statisticsreectcasesforthatscalyear

reported to the Commission (i.e., guidelines

cases for which the courts forwarded appropriate

documentation to the Commission) by February

17, 2023.

TheAppealsDataletracksappellate

review of sentencing decisions. Information

captured in this module includes district, circuit,

date of opinion, sentencing issues, and the

appellate court’s disposition. The Commission

alsotracksnalopinionsandorders,both

published and unpublished, in federal criminal

appeals. In 2022, the Commission gathered

information on 7,208 cases decided by the

courtsofappeal.Casesinvolvingco-appellants

are treated as separate appeals for statistical

purposes.

The Commission implemented a data

collection system to track resentencings and

othermodicationsofsentencein2008.The

information collected includes judicial district,

reason for resentencing, new sentence, and

guideline application information, if available.

Information is collected on eight types of

resentencingsandothermodicationsof

sentence. In 2022, the Commission received

documentation on 3,054 resentencings and other

modicationsofsentence.

The 2022 Annual Report and the 2022

Sourcebook of Federal Sentencing Statistics,

quarterly updates to federal sentencing data,

and analyses of annual data in each federal

judicial district, circuit, and state are available

on the Commission’s website at https://www.

ussc.gov/research.

Introduction | 31

Endnotes

1 28 U.S.C. § 994(w); USSG §1B1.9.

2 28 U.S.C. §§ 995(a)(12) and (14) – (16).

3 TheCommission’sdatalescanbefoundathttps://www.ussc.gov/research/datales/commission-datales.

4 The Consortium’s website address is https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/series/83.

32 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT STATISTICS

Figure 1

FEDERAL OFFENDERS IN EACH DISTRICT

Fiscal Year 2022

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

250 or Less 251-500 501-750 751-1,000 More than 1,000

34 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT CIRCUIT

District

% District

TOTAL 64,142 100.0

FIFTH CIRCUIT 16,837 26.2

D.C. CIRCUIT 312 0.5 Louisiana

District of Columbia 312 0.5 Eastern 300 0.5

Middle 103 0.2

FIRST CIRCUIT 1,750 2.7 Western 318 0.5

Maine 180 0.3 Mississippi

Massachusetts 466 0.7 Northern 133 0.2

New Hampshire 180 0.3 Southern 324 0.5

Puerto Rico 815 1.3 Texas

Rhode Island 109 0.2 Eastern 674 1.1

Northern 1,652 2.6

SECOND CIRCUIT 3,271 5.1 Southern 7,274 11.3

Connecticut 335 0.5 Western 6,059 9.4

New York

Eastern 693 1.1 SIXTH CIRCUIT 4,943 7.7

Northern 400 0.6 Kentucky

Southern 1,297 2.0 Eastern 497 0.8

Western 411 0.6 Western 263 0.4

Vermont 135 0.2 Michigan

Eastern 719 1.1

THIRD CIRCUIT 2,351 3.7 Western 265 0.4

Delaware 81 0.1 Ohio

New Jersey 641 1.0 Northern 1,141 1.8

Pennsylvania Southern 583 0.9

Eastern 501 0.8 Tennessee

Middle 438 0.7 Eastern 754 1.2

Western 634 1.0 Middle 289 0.5

Virgin Islands 56 0.1 Western 432 0.7

FOURTH CIRCUIT 4,688 7.3 SEVENTH CIRCUIT 2,483 3.9

Maryland 579 0.9 Illinois

North Carolina Central 279 0.4

Eastern 761 1.2 Northern 621 1.0

Middle 403 0.6 Southern 261 0.4

Western 553 0.9 Indiana

South Carolina 602 0.9 Northern 327 0.5

Virginia Southern 515 0.8

Eastern 919 1.4 Wisconsin

Western 279 0.4 Eastern 337 0.5

West Virginia Western 143 0.2

Northern 323 0.5

Southern 269 0.4

Table 1

FEDERAL OFFENDERS IN EACH CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT

Fiscal Year 2022

Circuit and District Statistics | 35

CIRCUIT CIRCUIT

District

% District

EIGHTH CIRCUIT 5,102 8.0 TENTH CIRCUIT 4,767 7.4

Arkansas Colorado 389 0.6

Eastern 555 0.9 Kansas 371 0.6

Western 219 0.3 New Mexico 2,075 3.2

Iowa Oklahoma

Northern 333 0.5 Eastern 179 0.3

Southern 454 0.7 Northern 439 0.7

Minnesota 325 0.5 Western 424 0.7

Missouri Utah 741 1.2

Eastern 1,032 1.6 Wyoming 149 0.2

Western 810 1.3

Nebraska 471 0.7 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 5,479 8.5

North Dakota 345 0.5 Alabama

South Dakota 558 0.9 Middle 164 0.3

Northern 442 0.7

NINTH CIRCUIT 12,159 19.0 Southern 308 0.5

Alaska 140 0.2 Florida

Arizona 4,454 6.9 Middle 1,018 1.6

California Northern 266 0.4

Central 1,128 1.8 Southern 1,719 2.7

Eastern 366 0.6 Georgia

Northern 377 0.6 Middle 453 0.7

Southern 3,474 5.4 Northern 609 0.9

Guam 26 0.0 Southern 500 0.8

Hawaii 140 0.2

Idaho 337 0.5

Montana 348 0.5

Nevada 387 0.6

Northern Mariana Islands 17 0.0

Oregon 378 0.6

Washington

Eastern 213 0.3

Western 374 0.6

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 1 (cont.)

36 | 2022 Sourcebook

Total Statement

Documents J & C of Reasons Information

CIRCUIT Number Received Received Received

Received Received

Received Waived

District of Cases

N N N N N N N N

TOTAL 64,142 303,948 64,142 63,915 49,542 14,560 64,142 62,207 1,927

D.C. CIRCUIT 312 1,534 312 312 286 26 312 312 0

District of Columbia 312 1,534 312 312 286 26 312 312 0

FIRST CIRCUIT 1,750 8,401 1,750 1,750 1,422 328 1,750 1,729 21

Maine 180 845 180 180 127 53 180 178 2

Massachusetts 466 2,159 466 466 300 166 466 461 5

New Hampshire 180 894 180 180 174 6 180 180 0

Puerto Rico 815 3,971 815 815 725 90 815 801 14

Rhode Island 109 532 109 109 96 13 109 109 0

SECOND CIRCUIT 3,271 15,813 3,271 3,269 2,792 479 3,271 3,210 61

Connecticut 335 1,660 335 335 320 15 335 335 0

New York

Eastern 693 3,387 693 693 621 72 693 687 6

Northern 400 1,857 400 399 298 102 400 360 40

Southern 1,297 6,194 1,297 1,296 1,018 279 1,297 1,286 11

Western 411 2,046 411 411 403 8 411 410 1

Vermont 135 669 135 135 132 3 135 132 3

THIRD CIRCUIT 2,351 11,339 2,351 2,349 2,019 331 2,351 2,269 82

Delaware 81 400 81 81 76 5 81 81 0

New Jersey 641 3,157 641 639 598 43 641 638 3

Pennsylvania

Eastern 501 2,408 501 501 406 94 501 499 2

Middle 438 2,059 438 438 347 91 438 398 40

Western 634 3,045 634 634 546 88 634 597 37

Virgin Islands 56 270 56 56 46 10 56 56 0

FOURTH CIRCUIT 4,688 22,025 4,688 4,638 3,679 1,008 4,688 4,332 354

Maryland 579 2,801 579 563 540 39 579 540 39

North Carolina

Eastern 761 3,481 761 738 526 235 761 695 66

Middle 403 1,983 403 403 371 32 403 403 0

Western 553 2,608 553 551 400 152 553 551 2

South Carolina 602 2,901 602 602 494 108 602 601 0

Virginia

Eastern 919 4,007 919 911 579 340 919 679 240

Western 279 1,372 279 278 262 17 279 274 4

West Virginia

Northern 323 1,581 323 323 291 32 323 321 2

Southern 269 1,291 269 269 216 53 269 268 1

Indictment/

No Written

Plea/Trial

ort

Plea Agreement

Presentence

Table 2

Fiscal Year 2022

DOCUMENT SUBMISSION BY EACH CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT

Circuit and District Statistics | 37

Total Statement

Documents J & C of Reasons Information

CIRCUIT Number Received Received Received

Received Received

Received Waived

District of Cases

N N N N N N N N

FIFTH CIRCUIT 16,837 75,997 16,837 16,822 9,188 7,616 16,837 16,313 520

Louisiana

Eastern 300 1,384 300 296 194 106 300 294 6

Middle 103 486 103 103 74 29 103 103 0

Western 318 1,543 318 316 288 30 318 303 15

Mississippi

Northern 133 655 133 131 128 5 133 130 3

Southern 324 1,589 324 324 299 25 324 318 6

Texas

Eastern 674 3,326 674 674 632 42 674 672 2

Northern 1,652 7,933 1,652 1,652 1,330 322 1,652 1,647 5

Southern 7,274 33,125 7,274 7,273 4,473 2,769 7,274 6,831 441

Western 6,059 25,956 6,059 6,053 1,770 4,288 6,059 6,015 42

SIXTH CIRCUIT 4,943 23,829 4,943 4,918 4,110 832 4,943 4,915 28

Kentucky

Eastern 497 2,412 497 497 426 71 497 495 2

Western 263 1,288 263 263 237 26 263 262 1

Michigan

Eastern 719 3,470 719 716 598 121 719 718 1

Western 265 1,249 265 265 195 70 265 259 6

Ohio

Northern 1,141 5,377 1,141 1,141 817 323 1,141 1,137 4

Southern 583 2,898 583 580 570 13 583 582 1

Tennessee

Eastern 754 3,681 754 753 674 80 754 746 8

Middle 289 1,409 289 271 274 15 289 286 3

Western 432 2,045 432 432 319 113 432 430 2

SEVENTH CIRCUIT 2,483 11,955 2,483 2,478 2,041 440 2,483 2,470 13

Illinois

Central 279 1,276 279 277 163 115 279 278 1

Northern 621 3,038 621 618 565 55 621 613 8

Southern 261 1,203 261 261 159 102 261 261 0

Indiana

Northern 327 1,597 327 327 289 38 327 327 0

Southern 515 2,460 515 515 400 115 515 515 0

Wisconsin

Eastern 337 1,668 337 337 324 13 337 333 4

Western 143 713 143 143 141 2 143 143 0

EIGHTH CIRCUIT 5,102 24,684 5,102 5,076 4,315 787 5,102 5,089 13

Arkansas

Eastern 555 2,591 555 535 393 162 555 553 2

Western 219 1,088 219 219 212 7 219 219 0

Iowa

Northern 333 1,536 333 333 204 129 333 333 0

Southern 454 2,132 454 454 316 138 454 454 0

Minnesota 325 1,590 325 323 294 31 325 323 2

Missouri

Eastern 1,032 5,133 1,032 1,032 1,007 25 1,032 1,030 2

Western 810 3,898 810 807 664 146 810 807 3

Nebraska 471 2,253 471 471 369 102 471 471 0

North Dakota 345 1,709 345 344 332 13 345 343 2

South Dakota 558 2,754 558 558 524 34 558 556 2

Plea Agreement

Table 2 (cont.)

Indictment/

No Written

Plea/Trial

ort

Presentence

38 | 2022 Sourcebook

Total Statement

Documents J & C of Reasons Information

CIRCUIT Number Received Received Received

Received Received

Received Waived

District of Cases

N N N N N N N N

NINTH CIRCUIT 12,159 59,514 12,159 12,117 11,492 666 12,159 11,587 572

Alaska 140 668 140 139 112 28 140 137 3

Arizona 4,454 22,027 4,454 4,422 4,308 146 4,454 4,389 65

California

Central 1,128 5,464 1,128 1,125 982 145 1,128 1,101 27

Eastern 366 1,793 366 364 334 32 366 363 3

Northern 377 1,829 377 377 324 53 377 374 3

Southern 3,474 16,951 3,474 3,472 3,426 48 3,474 3,105 369

Guam 26 125 26 26 21 5 26 26 0

Hawaii 140 676 140 140 117 23 140 139 1

Idaho 337 1,634 337 337 287 50 337 336 1

Montana 348 1,677 348 348 287 61 348 346 2

Nevada 387 1,890 387 387 346 41 387 383 4

Northern Mariana Islands 17 82 17 17 15 2 17 16 1

Oregon 378 1,885 378 377 374 4 378 378 0

Washington

Eastern 213 1,050 213 212 200 13 213 212 1

Western 374 1,763 374 374 359 15 374 282 92

TENTH CIRCUIT 4,767 22,858 4,767 4,764 3,931 836 4,767 4,629 136

Colorado 389 1,923 389 388 377 12 389 380 9

Kansas 371 1,826 371 371 349 22 371 364 7

New Mexico 2,075 9,914 2,075 2,075 1,618 457 2,075 2,071 2

Oklahoma

Eastern 179 850 179 179 134 45 179 179 0

Northern 439 2,107 439 439 359 80 439 431 8

Western 424 1,829 424 423 219 205 424 339 85

Utah 741 3,677 741 741 733 8 741 721 20

Wyoming 149 732 149 148 142 7 149 144 5

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 5,479 25,999 5,479 5,422 4,267 1,211 5,479 5,352 127

Alabama

Middle 164 796 164 164 140 24 164 164 0

Northern 442 2,071 442 442 350 92 442 395 47

Southern 308 1,505 308 308 273 35 308 308 0

Florida

Middle 1,018 4,783 1,018 1,017 715 303 1,018 1,015 3

Northern 266 1,262 266 264 212 54 266 254 12

Southern 1,719 8,102 1,719 1,674 1,312 407 1,719 1,678 41

Georgia

Middle 453 2,128 453 447 331 122 453 444 9

Northern 609 2,901 609 606 479 130 609 598 11

Southern 500 2,451 500 500 455 44 500 496 4

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

The numbers presented in this table regarding Plea Agreement submission exclude from the analysis one case for which the Commission was unable to

determine definitively whether the defendant's guilty plea was entered pursuant to a written plea agreement.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

No Written

Plea/Trial

ort

Indictment/

Table 2 (cont.)

Plea Agreement

Presentence

Circuit and District Statistics | 39

40 | 2022 Sourcebook

PRIMARY OFFENSE AND

OFFENDER CHARACTERISTICS

CIRCUIT

District

TOTAL

N% N%

TOTAL 63,695 61,969 97.3 1,726 2.7

D.C. CIRCUIT 312 267 85.6 45 14.4

District of Columbia 312 267 85.6 45 14.4

FIRST CIRCUIT 1,740 1,728 99.3 12 0.7

Maine 179 177 98.9 2 1.1

Massachusetts 464 461 99.4 3 0.6

New Hampshire 180 177 98.3 3 1.7

Puerto Rico 808 804 99.5 4 0.5

Rhode Island 109 109 100.0 0 0.0

SECOND CIRCUIT 3,243 3,153 97.2 90 2.8

Connecticut 335 331 98.8 4 1.2

New York

Eastern 692 679 98.1 13 1.9

Northern 382 355 92.9 27 7.1

Southern 1,289 1,268 98.4 21 1.6

Western 411 394 95.9 17 4.1

Vermont 134 126 94.0 8 6.0

THIRD CIRCUIT 2,322 2,272 97.8 50 2.2

Delaware 81 81 100.0 0 0.0

New Jersey 641 628 98.0 13 2.0

Pennsylvania

Eastern 501 495 98.8 6 1.2

Middle 420 392 93.3 28 6.7

Western 623 622 99.8 1 0.2

Virgin Islands 56 54 96.4 2 3.6

FOURTH CIRCUIT 4,641 4,322 93.1 319 6.9

Maryland 578 553 95.7 25 4.3

North Carolina

Eastern 758 687 90.6 71 9.4

Middle 403 401 99.5 2 0.5

Western 551 548 99.5 3 0.5

South Carolina 602 598 99.3 4 0.7

Virginia

Eastern 879 674 76.7 205 23.3

Western 279 274 98.2 5 1.8

West Virginia

Northern 322 319 99.1 3 0.9

Southern 269 268 99.6 1 0.4

Table 3

CONVICTION TYPE IN EACH CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT

Fiscal Year 2022

MISDEMEANORSFELONIES

CLASS A

42 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT

District

TOTAL

N% N%

FIFTH CIRCUIT 16,585 16,362 98.7 223 1.3

Louisiana

Eastern 294 291 99.0 3 1.0

Middle 103 101 98.1 2 1.9

Western 318 299 94.0 19 6.0

Mississippi

Northern 133 130 97.7 3 2.3

Southern 324 322 99.4 2 0.6

Texas

Eastern 674 669 99.3 5 0.7

Northern 1,651 1,637 99.2 14 0.8

Southern 7,034 7,022 99.8 12 0.2

Western 6,054 5,891 97.3 163 2.7

SIXTH CIRCUIT 4,934 4,851 98.3 83 1.7

Kentucky

Eastern 497 496 99.8 1 0.2

Western 263 250 95.1 13 4.9

Michigan

Eastern 718 702 97.8 16 2.2

Western 260 256 98.5 4 1.5

Ohio

Northern 1,140 1,136 99.6 4 0.4

Southern 583 564 96.7 19 3.3

Tennessee

Eastern 753 749 99.5 4 0.5

Middle 288 268 93.1 20 6.9

Western 432 430 99.5 2 0.5

SEVENTH CIRCUIT 2,482 2,445 98.5 37 1.5

Illinois

Central 279 275 98.6 4 1.4

Northern 620 598 96.5 22 3.5

Southern 261 260 99.6 1 0.4

Indiana

Northern 327 325 99.4 2 0.6

Southern 515 513 99.6 2 0.4

Wisconsin

Eastern 337 332 98.5 5 1.5

Western 143 142 99.3 1 0.7

EIGHTH CIRCUIT 5,099 4,975 97.6 124 2.4

Arkansas

Eastern 555 496 89.4 59 10.6

Western 219 219 100.0 0 0.0

Iowa

Northern 333 331 99.4 2 0.6

Southern 454 450 99.1 4 0.9

Minnesota 325 318 97.8 7 2.2

Missouri

Eastern 1,031 1,021 99.0 10 1.0

Western 810 801 98.9 9 1.1

Nebraska

470 461 98.1 9 1.9

North Dakota 344 332 96.5 12 3.5

South Dakota 558 546 97.8 12 2.2

Table 3 (cont.)

CLASS A

FELONIES MISDEMEANORS

Primary Offense and Offender Characteristics | 43

CIRCUIT

District

TOTAL

N% N%

NINTH CIRCUIT 12,138 11,813 97.3 325 2.7

Alaska 139 134 96.4 5 3.6

Arizona 4,447 4,363 98.1 84 1.9

California

Central 1,126 1,096 97.3 30 2.7

Eastern 366 362 98.9 4 1.1

Northern 377 372 98.7 5 1.3

Southern 3,465 3,405 98.3 60 1.7

Guam 26 24 92.3 2 7.7

Hawaii 139 139 100.0 0 0.0

Idaho 337 331 98.2 6 1.8

Montana 348 344 98.9 4 1.1

Nevada 387 377 97.4 10 2.6

Northern Mariana Islands 17 16 94.1 1 5.9

Oregon 377 366 97.1 11 2.9

Washington

Eastern 213 207 97.2 6 2.8

Western 374 277 74.1 97 25.9

TENTH CIRCUIT 4,751 4,563 96.0 188 4.0

Colorado 388 367 94.6 21 5.4

Kansas 371 350 94.3 21 5.7

New Mexico 2,073 2,067 99.7 6 0.3

Oklahoma

Eastern 179 177 98.9 2 1.1

Northern 432 411 95.1 21 4.9

Western 419 321 76.6 98 23.4

Utah 740 725 98.0 15 2.0

Wyoming 149 145 97.3 4 2.7

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 5,448 5,218 95.8 230 4.2

Alabama

Middle 164 154 93.9 10 6.1

Northern 442 393 88.9 49 11.1

Southern 308 307 99.7 1 0.3

Florida

Middle 1,016 1,008 99.2 8 0.8

Northern 264 238 90.2 26 9.8

Southern 1,697 1,690 99.6 7 0.4

Georgia

Middle 449 397 88.4 52 11.6

Northern 608 598 98.4 10 1.6

Southern 500 433 86.6 67 13.4

Of the 64,142 cases, 447 were excluded due to missing information on type of conviction. Descriptions of variables used in this table are

provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

CLASS A

Table 3 (cont.)

FELONIES MISDEMEANORS

44 | 2022 Sourcebook

Drugs

31.5%

Firearms

14.5%

Child

Pornography

2.2%

Sexual Abuse

2.3%

Other

9.1%

Money

Laundering

1.9%

Robbery

2.3%

Fraud/Theft/

Embezzlement

8.6%

Immigration

27.5%

Figure 2

FEDERAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

This figure includes the 64,142 cases reported to the Commission. The Drugs category includes trafficking and simple

possession. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

Primary Offense and Offender Characteristics | 45

Number

TYPE OF CRIME

N% N%

Change

TOTAL

57,287 100.0 64,142 100.0 6,855

Administration of Justice

512 0.9 652 1.0 140

Antitrust

6 0.0 8 0.0 2

Arson

79 0.1 106 0.2 27

Assault

668 1.2 850 1.3 182

Bribery/Corruption

247 0.4 360 0.6 113

Burglary/Trespass

64 0.1 112 0.2 48

Child Pornography

1,215 2.1 1,435 2.2 220

Commercialized Vice

114 0.2 73 0.1 -41

Drug Possession

309 0.5 296 0.5 -13

Drug Trafficking

17,608 30.7 19,938 31.1 2,330

Environmental

173 0.3 153 0.2 -20

Extortion/Racketeering

116 0.2 121 0.2 5

Firearms

8,151 14.2 9,318 14.5 1,167

Food and Drug

47 0.1 40 0.1 -7

Forgery/Counter/Copyright

137 0.2 111 0.2 -26

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement

4,571 8.0 5,520 8.6 949

Immigration

16,937 29.6 17,652 27.5 715

Individual Rights

69 0.1 92 0.1 23

Kidnapping

92 0.2 128 0.2 36

Manslaughter

56 0.1 80 0.1 24

Money Laundering

1,028 1.8 1,192 1.9 164

Murder

257 0.4 410 0.6 153

National Defense

217 0.4 180 0.3 -37

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses

298 0.5 344 0.5 46

Prison Offenses

532 0.9 499 0.8 -33

Robbery

1,300 2.3 1,444 2.3 144

Sexual Abuse

1,062 1.9 1,499 2.3 437

Stalking/Harassing

219 0.4 266 0.4 47

Tax

421 0.7 496 0.8 75

Other

782 1.4 767 1.2 -15

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2021 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY21 - USSCFY22.

Fiscal Year 2022Fiscal Year 2021

Table 4

CHANGE IN NUMBER OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Years 2021 - 2022

46 | 2022 Sourcebook

80,035

75,836

71,003

67,742

66,873

69,425

76,538

64,565

57,287

64,142

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Number of

Offenders

Figure 3

NUMBER OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

Primary Offense and Offender Characteristics | 47

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 63,666 14,629 23.0 16,061 25.2 30,200 47.4 2,776 4.4

Administration of Justice 646 187 28.9 151 23.4 234 36.2 74 11.5

Antitrust 8 8 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Arson 106 48 45.3 37 34.9 13 12.3 8 7.5

Assault 838 158 18.9 219 26.1 151 18.0 310 37.0

Bribery/Corruption 359 146 40.7 100 27.9 80 22.3 33 9.2

Burglary/Trespass 111 51 45.9 28 25.2 15 13.5 17 15.3

Child Pornography 1,435 1,120 78.0 93 6.5 178 12.4 44 3.1

Commercialized Vice 73 28 38.4 22 30.1 11 15.1 12 16.4

Drug Possession 235 104 44.3 85 36.2 38 16.2 8 3.4

Drug Trafficking 19,912 5,147 25.8 5,611 28.2 8,506 42.7 648 3.3

Environmental 150 94 62.7 2 1.3 36 24.0 18 12.0

Extortion/Racketeering 120 43 35.8 37 30.8 35 29.2 5 4.2

Firearms 9,298 2,129 22.9 5,337 57.4 1,523 16.4 309 3.3

Food and Drug 39 32 82.1 3 7.7 3 7.7 1 2.6

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 56 50.5 35 31.5 11 9.9 9 8.1

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,481 2,196 40.1 1,703 31.1 1,240 22.6 342 6.2

Immigration 17,573 548 3.1 352 2.0 16,496 93.9 177 1.0

Individual Rights 92 44 47.8 23 25.0 21 22.8 4 4.3

Kidnapping 128 46 35.9 47 36.7 29 22.7 6 4.7

Manslaughter 80 12 15.0 5 6.3 4 5.0 59 73.8

Money Laundering 1,191 337 28.3 285 23.9 471 39.5 98 8.2

Murder 405 55 13.6 127 31.4 154 38.0 69 17.0

National Defense 179 41 22.9 20 11.2 104 58.1 14 7.8

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 343 148 43.1 56 16.3 45 13.1 94 27.4

Prison Offenses 492 132 26.8 180 36.6 144 29.3 36 7.3

Robbery 1,442 236 16.4 896 62.1 233 16.2 77 5.3

Sexual Abuse 1,497 799 53.4 286 19.1 220 14.7 192 12.8

Stalking/Harassing 264 169 64.0 44 16.7 25 9.5 26 9.8

Tax 495 257 51.9 125 25.3 73 14.7 40 8.1

Other 563 258 45.8 152 27.0 107 19.0 46 8.2

Of the 64,142 cases, 476 were excluded due to missing information on offender's race. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 5

RACE OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

WHITE BLACK HISPANIC OTHER

48 | 2022 Sourcebook

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL N% N%

TOTAL 64,098 55,436 86.5 8,662 13.5

Administration of Justice 652 472 72.4 180 27.6

Antitrust 8 8 100.0 0 0.0

Arson 106 95 89.6 11 10.4

Assault 849 774 91.2 75 8.8

Bribery/Corruption 360 272 75.6 88 24.4

Burglary/Trespass 112 95 84.8 17 15.2

Child Pornography 1,435 1,419 98.9 16 1.1

Commercialized Vice 73 60 82.2 13 17.8

Drug Possession 291 216 74.2 75 25.8

Drug Trafficking 19,937 16,394 82.2 3,543 17.8

Environmental 152 127 83.6 25 16.4

Extortion/Racketeering 121 97 80.2 24 19.8

Firearms 9,318 8,945 96.0 373 4.0

Food and Drug 40 25 62.5 15 37.5

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 80 72.1 31 27.9

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,518 3,856 69.9 1,662 30.1

Immigration 17,647 16,066 91.0 1,581 9.0

Individual Rights 92 79 85.9 13 14.1

Kidnapping 128 107 83.6 21 16.4

Manslaughter 80 63 78.8 17 21.3

Money Laundering 1,192 919 77.1 273 22.9

Murder 410 386 94.1 24 5.9

National Defense 180 158 87.8 22 12.2

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 344 340 98.8 4 1.2

Prison Offenses 498 449 90.2 49 9.8

Robbery 1,444 1,342 92.9 102 7.1

Sexual Abuse 1,499 1,404 93.7 95 6.3

Stalking/Harassing 266 252 94.7 14 5.3

Tax 496 369 74.4 127 25.6

Other 739 567 76.7 172 23.3

Of the 64,142 cases, 44 were excluded due to missing information on offender's gender. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided

in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 6

GENDER OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

MALE FEMALE

Primary Offense and Offender Characteristics | 49

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N %Mean Median

TOTAL 64,113 1,407 2.2 7,460 11.6 10,480 16.3 11,515 18.0 10,593 16.5 14,329 22.3 5,997 9.4 2,332 3.6 37 36

Administration of Justice 652 21 3.2 88 13.5 107 16.4 120 18.4 78 12.0 124 19.0 67 10.3 47 7.2 38 35

Antitrust 8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 12.5 2 25.0 3 37.5 2 25.0 53 53

Arson 106 4 3.8 29 27.4 21 19.8 19 17.9 15 14.2 14 13.2 4 3.8 0 0.0 32 30

Assault 850 27 3.2 136 16.0 179 21.1 176 20.7 142 16.7 112 13.2 55 6.5 23 2.7 35 33

Bribery/Corruption 360 0 0.0 4 1.1 13 3.6 40 11.1 36 10.0 96 26.7 96 26.7 75 20.8 49 50

Burglary/Trespass 112 4 3.6 16 14.3 28 25.0 13 11.6 17 15.2 26 23.2 6 5.4 2 1.8 35 34

Child Pornography 1,435 11 0.8 155 10.8 176 12.3 221 15.4 205 14.3 301 21.0 221 15.4 145 10.1 41 39

Commercialized Vice 73 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 11.0 7 9.6 16 21.9 24 32.9 9 12.3 9 12.3 45 43

Drug Possession 293 10 3.4 43 14.7 46 15.7 62 21.2 46 15.7 50 17.1 30 10.2 6 2.0 36 34

Drug Trafficking 19,938 354 1.8 2,099 10.5 3,240 16.3 3,769 18.9 3,538 17.7 4,700 23.6 1,713 8.6 525 2.6 37 36

Environmental 152 2 1.3 8 5.3 16 10.5 17 11.2 15 9.9 40 26.3 30 19.7 24 15.8 45 45

Extortion/Racketeering 121 1 0.8 8 6.6 24 19.8 18 14.9 18 14.9 33 27.3 15 12.4 4 3.3 39 38

Firearms 9,318 168 1.8 1,469 15.8 2,172 23.3 1,963 21.1 1,450 15.6 1,549 16.6 439 4.7 108 1.2 34 33

Food and Drug 39 1 2.6 0 0.0 1 2.6 3 7.7 3 7.7 13 33.3 11 28.2 7 17.9 50 48

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 1 0.9 9 8.1 23 20.7 19 17.1 19 17.1 26 23.4 11 9.9 3 2.7 38 37

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,514 78 1.4 408 7.4 639 11.6 751 13.6 776 14.1 1,299 23.6 974 17.7 589 10.7 43 41

Immigration 17,652 520 2.9 1,972 11.2 2,578 14.6 3,176 18.0 3,154 17.9 4,475 25.4 1,478 8.4 299 1.7 37 36

Individual Rights 92 1 1.1 5 5.4 15 16.3 18 19.6 13 14.1 19 20.7 15 16.3 6 6.5 41 38

Kidnapping 128 2 1.6 15 11.7 23 18.0 25 19.5 24 18.8 23 18.0 10 7.8 6 4.7 37 35

Manslaughter 80 3 3.8 10 12.5 23 28.8 10 12.5 17 21.3 8 10.0 8 10.0 1 1.3 34 32

Money Laundering 1,192 8 0.7 75 6.3 153 12.8 203 17.0 181 15.2 302 25.3 180 15.1 90 7.6 41 40

Murder 410 9 2.2 77 18.8 92 22.4 73 17.8 64 15.6 59 14.4 31 7.6 5 1.2 34 32

National Defense 180 9 5.0 33 18.3 44 24.4 19 10.6 23 12.8 22 12.2 18 10.0 12 6.7 36 32

Obscenit

/Other Sex Offense

344 3 0.9 12 3.5 34 9.9 51 14.8 62 18.0 91 26.5 59 17.2 32 9.3 43 41

Prison Offenses 499 4 0.8 41 8.2 89 17.8 113 22.6 103 20.6 109 21.8 32 6.4 8 1.6 37 36

Robbery 1,443 99 6.9 378 26.2 294 20.4 236 16.4 140 9.7 166 11.5 93 6.4 37 2.6 32 30

Sexual Abuse 1,499 18 1.2 157 10.5 262 17.5 251 16.7 250 16.7 320 21.3 145 9.7 96 6.4 39 37

Stalking/Harassing 266 4 1.5 24 9.0 42 15.8 37 13.9 33 12.4 68 25.6 32 12.0 26 9.8 41 39

Tax 496 0 0.0 2 0.4 3 0.6 20 4.0 52 10.5 154 31.0 149 30.0 116 23.4 52 52

Other 750 45 6.0 187 24.9 135 18.0 85 11.3 102 13.6 104 13.9 63 8.4 29 3.9 34 31

Of the 64,142 cases, 29 were excluded due to missing information on offender's age. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

Of the 1,407 offenders under 21, none involved an offender under the age of 18 at the time of sentencing.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Over 60

Table 7

AGE OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

Under 21

21 to 25 26 to 30 31 to 35 36 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60

50 | 2022 Sourcebook

N % N % N % N % N %

Total 1,379 100.0 121 100.0 278 100.0 914 100.0 66 100.0

Male 1,169 84.8 98 81.0 264 95.0 749 81.9 58 87.9

Female

210 15.2 23 19.0 14 5.0 165 18.1 8 12.1

Total 7,374 100.0 945 100.0 2,228 100.0 3,921 100.0 280 100.0

Male 6,279 85.2 732 77.5 2,045 91.8 3,287 83.8 215 76.8

Female

1,095 14.8 213 22.5 183 8.2 634 16.2 65 23.2

Total 10,390 100.0 1,644 100.0 3,314 100.0 4,950 100.0 482 100.0

Male 8,967 86.3 1,283 78.0 3,008 90.8 4,290 86.7 386 80.1

Female

1,423 13.7 361 22.0 306 9.2 660 13.3 96 19.9

Total 11,457 100.0 2,298 100.0 3,142 100.0 5,527 100.0 490 100.0

Male 9,963 87.0 1,821 79.2 2,833 90.2 4,906 88.8 403 82.2

Female

1,494 13.0 477 20.8 309 9.8 621 11.2 87 17.8

Total 10,530 100.0 2,512 100.0 2,503 100.0 5,069 100.0 446 100.0

Male 9,179 87.2 1,984 79.0 2,273 90.8 4,570 90.2 352 78.9

Female

1,351 12.8 528 21.0 230 9.2 499 9.8 94 21.1

Total 14,252 100.0 3,676 100.0 3,099 100.0 6,876 100.0 601 100.0

Male 12,462 87.4 2,968 80.7 2,788 90.0 6,226 90.5 480 79.9

Female

1,790 12.6 708 19.3 311 10.0 650 9.5 121 20.1

Total 5,960 100.0 2,195 100.0 1,136 100.0 2,340 100.0 289 100.0

Male 5,118 85.9 1,820 82.9 979 86.2 2,088 89.2 231 79.9

Female

842 14.1 375 17.1 157 13.8 252 10.8 58 20.1

Total 2,322 100.0 1,238 100.0 361 100.0 601 100.0 122 100.0

Male 1,928 83.0 1,032 83.4 296 82.0 510 84.9 90 73.8

Female

394 17.0 206 16.6 65 18.0 91 15.1 32 26.2

Of the 64,142 cases, 478 were excluded due to one or more of the following reasons: missing information on offender's age (29), missing

information on offender's race (476), or information on offender's gender (44). Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in

Appendix A.

Of the 1,379 offenders under 21, none involved an offender under the age of 18 at the time of sentencing.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Over 60

51 - 60

41 - 50

Under 21

21 - 25

26 - 30

31 - 35

36 - 40

Table 8

AGE, RACE, AND GENDER OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

WHITE BLACK HISPANIC OTHERTOTAL

AGE AND

GENDER

Primary Offense and Offender Characteristics | 51

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL N% N%

TOTAL 63,841 43,947 68.8 19,894 31.2

Administration of Justice 648 523 80.7 125 19.3

Antitrust 8 7 87.5 1 12.5

Arson 106 101 95.3 5 4.7

Assault 842 793 94.2 49 5.8

Bribery/Corruption 360 335 93.1 25 6.9

Burglary/Trespass 111 104 93.7 7 6.3

Child Pornography 1,434 1,399 97.6 35 2.4

Commercialized Vice 73 61 83.6 12 16.4

Drug Possession 262 247 94.3 15 5.7

Drug Trafficking 19,920 16,721 83.9 3,199 16.1

Environmental 149 131 87.9 18 12.1

Extortion/Racketeering 117 103 88.0 14 12.0

Firearms 9,312 9,006 96.7 306 3.3

Food and Drug 39 38 97.4 1 2.6

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 105 94.6 6 5.4

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,489 4,645 84.6 844 15.4

Immigration 17,647 3,146 17.8 14,501 82.2

Individual Rights 92 88 95.7 4 4.3

Kidnapping 128 115 89.8 13 10.2

Manslaughter 80 75 93.8 5 6.3

Money Laundering 1,191 874 73.4 317 26.6

Murder 407 344 84.5 63 15.5

National Defense 178 126 70.8 52 29.2

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 343 331 96.5 12 3.5

Prison Offenses 486 478 98.4 8 1.6

Robbery 1,443 1,383 95.8 60 4.2

Sexual Abuse 1,498 1,422 94.9 76 5.1

Stalking/Harassing 264 258 97.7 6 2.3

Tax 496 448 90.3 48 9.7

Other 607 540 89.0 67 11.0

Of the 64,142 cases, 301 were excluded due to missing information on offender's citizenship status. Descriptions of variables used in this table

are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 9

CITIZENSHIP OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

U.S. CITIZEN NON-U.S. CITIZEN

52 | 2022 Sourcebook

Of the 64,142 cases, in 19,894 the offender was a non-citizen. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Figure 4

NON-CITIZEN STATUS OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

9.3

37.6

20.0

8.2

68.0

14.3

51.4

25.0

26.7

23.1

50.0

35.7

24.8

100.0

50.0

39.7

2.0

25.0

23.1

20.0

52.4

17.5

63.5

25.0

31.7

36.8

50.0

70.8

10.4

86.7

56.8

80.0

81.6

28.0

85.7

45.7

75.0

60.0

62.0

22.2

50.0

73.2

33.3

51.7

97.1

75.0

61.5

40.0

37.9

76.2

23.1

66.7

87.5

61.7

51.3

50.0

20.8

79.1

1.8

0.8

2.9

9.4

5.6

14.3

2.0

7.7

5.4

6.3

5.8

9.2

2.1

4.8

100.0

10.2

4.0

13.3

5.5

22.2

2.0

16.7

6.6

0.9

7.7

40.0

4.4

7.7

8.3

12.5

6.7

2.6

6.3

10.4

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

TOTAL

Administration of Justice

Antitrust

Arson

Assault

Bribery/Corruption

Burglary/Trespass

Child Pornography

Commercialized Vice

Drug Possession

Drug Trafficking

Environmental

Extortion/Racketeering

Firearms

Food and Drug

Forgery/Counter/Copyright

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement

Immigration

Individual Rights

Kidnapping

Manslaughter

Money Laundering

Murder

National Defense

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses

Prison Offenses

Robbery

Sexual Abuse

Stalking/Harassing

Tax

Other

Resident/Legal Alien Illegal Alien Alien Status Unknown Extradited Alien

Primary Offense and Offender Characteristics | 53

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 61,199 25,347 41.4 21,104 34.5 11,216 18.3 3,532 5.8

Administration of Justice 620 159 25.6 224 36.1 169 27.3 68 11.0

Antitrust 7 0 0.0 1 14.3 3 42.9 3 42.9

Arson 104 30 28.8 49 47.1 19 18.3 6 5.8

Assault 778 269 34.6 363 46.7 135 17.4 11 1.4

Bribery/Corruption 358 16 4.5 69 19.3 115 32.1 158 44.1

Burglary/Trespass 108 25 23.1 42 38.9 33 30.6 8 7.4

Child Pornography 1,433 117 8.2 546 38.1 515 35.9 255 17.8

Commercialized Vice 73 11 15.1 32 43.8 21 28.8 9 12.3

Drug Possession 114 23 20.2 40 35.1 39 34.2 12 10.5

Drug Trafficking 19,823 6,916 34.9 8,219 41.5 4,087 20.6 601 3.0

Environmental 131 24 18.3 41 31.3 31 23.7 35 26.7

Extortion/Racketeering 106 23 21.7 36 34.0 30 28.3 17 16.0

Firearms 9,252 3,226 34.9 4,347 47.0 1,543 16.7 136 1.5

Food and Drug 36 4 11.1 6 16.7 10 27.8 16 44.4

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 23 20.7 43 38.7 40 36.0 5 4.5

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,297 822 15.5 1,511 28.5 1,737 32.8 1,227 23.2

Immigration 16,131 11,900 73.8 2,998 18.6 1,043 6.5 190 1.2

Individual Rights 90 7 7.8 31 34.4 40 44.4 12 13.3

Kidnapping 127 37 29.1 63 49.6 24 18.9 3 2.4

Manslaughter 80 34 42.5 31 38.8 13 16.3 2 2.5

Money Laundering 1,181 255 21.6 375 31.8 343 29.0 208 17.6

Murder 406 202 49.8 151 37.2 43 10.6 10 2.5

National Defense 159 54 34.0 30 18.9 41 25.8 34 21.4

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 341 92 27.0 176 51.6 64 18.8 9 2.6

Prison Offenses 427 132 30.9 232 54.3 61 14.3 2 0.5

Robbery 1,438 528 36.7 633 44.0 255 17.7 22 1.5

Sexual Abuse 1,496 296 19.8 571 38.2 432 28.9 197 13.2

Stalking/Harassing 259 34 13.1 81 31.3 92 35.5 52 20.1

Tax 491 36 7.3 102 20.8 173 35.2 180 36.7

Other 222 52 23.4 61 27.5 65 29.3 44 19.8

Of the 64,142 cases, 2,943 were excluded due to missing education information. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 10

EDUCATION OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

HIGH SCHOOL

LESS THAN

SCHOOL SOME

GRADUATE

COLLEGE

HIGH

GRADUATE COLLEGE GRADUATE

54 | 2022 Sourcebook

SENTENCING INFORMATION

CIRCUIT

District

TOTAL

N% N%

TOTAL 64,142 62,527 97.5 1,615 2.5

D.C. CIRCUIT 312 291 93.3 21 6.7

District of Columbia 312 291 93.3 21 6.7

FIRST CIRCUIT 1,750 1,712 97.8 38 2.2

Maine 180 178 98.9 2 1.1

Massachusetts 466 445 95.5 21 4.5

New Hampshire 180 176 97.8 4 2.2

Puerto Rico 815 807 99.0 8 1.0

Rhode Island 109 106 97.2 3 2.8

SECOND CIRCUIT 3,271 3,159 96.6 112 3.4

Connecticut 335 325 97.0 10 3.0

New York

Eastern 693 664 95.8 29 4.2

Northern 400 387 96.8 13 3.3

Southern 1,297 1,246 96.1 51 3.9

Western 411 403 98.1 8 1.9

Vermont 135 134 99.3 1 0.7

THIRD CIRCUIT 2,351 2,254 95.9 97 4.1

Delaware 81 78 96.3 3 3.7

New Jersey 641 623 97.2 18 2.8

Pennsylvania

Eastern 501 470 93.8 31 6.2

Middle 438 411 93.8 27 6.2

Western 634 622 98.1 12 1.9

Virgin Islands 56 50 89.3 6 10.7

FOURTH CIRCUIT 4,688 4,521 96.4 167 3.6

Maryland 579 556 96.0 23 4.0

North Carolina

Eastern 761 730 95.9 31 4.1

Middle 403 397 98.5 6 1.5

Western 553 534 96.6 19 3.4

South Carolina 602 592 98.3 10 1.7

Virginia

Eastern 919 866 94.2 53 5.8

Western 279 271 97.1 8 2.9

West Virginia

Northern 323 318 98.5 5 1.5

Southern 269 257 95.5 12 4.5

Table 11

GUILTY PLEAS AND TRIALS IN EACH CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT

Fiscal Year 2022

TRIALPLEA

56 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT

District

TOTAL

N% N%

FIFTH CIRCUIT 16,837 16,636 98.8 201 1.2

Louisiana

Eastern 300 293 97.7 7 2.3

Middle 103 100 97.1 3 2.9

Western 318 304 95.6 14 4.4

Mississippi

Northern 133 130 97.7 3 2.3

Southern 324 319 98.5 5 1.5

Texas

Eastern 674 661 98.1 13 1.9

Northern 1,652 1,616 97.8 36 2.2

Southern 7,274 7,216 99.2 58 0.8

Western 6,059 5,997 99.0 62 1.0

SIXTH CIRCUIT 4,943 4,785 96.8 158 3.2

Kentucky

Eastern 497 465 93.6 32 6.4

Western 263 254 96.6 9 3.4

Michigan

Eastern 719 702 97.6 17 2.4

Western 265 253 95.5 12 4.5

Ohio

Northern 1,141 1,102 96.6 39 3.4

Southern 583 576 98.8 7 1.2

Tennessee

Eastern 754 731 96.9 23 3.1

Middle 289 281 97.2 8 2.8

Western 432 421 97.5 11 2.5

SEVENTH CIRCUIT 2,483 2,378 95.8 105 4.2

Illinois

Central 279 266 95.3 13 4.7

Northern 621 584 94.0 37 6.0

Southern 261 249 95.4 12 4.6

Indiana

Northern 327 318 97.2 9 2.8

Southern 515 495 96.1 20 3.9

Wisconsin

Eastern 337 325 96.4 12 3.6

Western 143 141 98.6 2 1.4

EIGHTH CIRCUIT 5,102 4,921 96.5 181 3.5

Arkansas

Eastern 555 540 97.3 15 2.7

Western 219 213 97.3 6 2.7

Iowa

Northern 333 315 94.6 18 5.4

Southern 454 428 94.3 26 5.7

Minnesota 325 299 92.0 26 8.0

Missouri

Eastern 1,032 1,011 98.0 21 2.0

Western 810 797 98.4 13 1.6

Nebraska 471 454 96.4 17 3.6

North Dakota 345 336 97.4 9 2.6

South Dakota 558 528 94.6 30 5.4

PLEA TRIAL

Table 11 (cont.)

Sentencing Information | 57

CIRCUIT

District

TOTAL

N% N%

NINTH CIRCUIT 12,159 11,942 98.2 217 1.8

Alaska 140 126 90.0 14 10.0

Arizona 4,454 4,423 99.3 31 0.7

California

Central 1,128 1,073 95.1 55 4.9

Eastern 366 357 97.5 9 2.5

Northern 377 361 95.8 16 4.2

Southern 3,474 3,439 99.0 35 1.0

Guam 26 24 92.3 2 7.7

Hawaii 140 134 95.7 6 4.3

Idaho 337 330 97.9 7 2.1

Montana 348 342 98.3 6 1.7

Nevada 387 375 96.9 12 3.1

Northern Mariana Islands 17 16 94.1 1 5.9

Oregon 378 375 99.2 3 0.8

Washington

Eastern 213 208 97.7 5 2.3

Western 374 359 96.0 15 4.0

TENTH CIRCUIT 4,767 4,675 98.1 92 1.9

Colorado 389 378 97.2 11 2.8

Kansas 371 364 98.1 7 1.9

New Mexico 2,075 2,060 99.3 15 0.7

Oklahoma

Eastern 179 166 92.7 13 7.3

Northern 439 416 94.8 23 5.2

Western 424 413 97.4 11 2.6

Utah 741 736 99.3 5 0.7

Wyoming 149 142 95.3 7 4.7

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 5,479 5,253 95.9 226 4.1

Alabama

Middle 164 154 93.9 10 6.1

Northern 442 430 97.3 12 2.7

Southern 308 300 97.4 8 2.6

Florida

Middle 1,018 983 96.6 35 3.4

Northern 266 244 91.7 22 8.3

Southern 1,719 1,644 95.6 75 4.4

Georgia

Middle 453 438 96.7 15 3.3

Northern 609 577 94.7 32 5.3

Southern 500 483 96.6 17 3.4

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 11 (cont.)

PLEA TRIAL

58 | 2022 Sourcebook

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL

N% N%

TOTAL 64,142 62,527 97.5 1,615 2.5

Administration of Justice 652 624 95.7 28 4.3

Antitrust 8 7 87.5 1 12.5

Arson 106 102 96.2 4 3.8

Assault 850 789 92.8 61 7.2

Bribery/Corruption 360 340 94.4 20 5.6

Burglary/Trespass 112 111 99.1 1 0.9

Child Pornography 1,435 1,392 97.0 43 3.0

Commercialized Vice 73 72 98.6 1 1.4

Drug Possession 296 293 99.0 3 1.0

Drug Trafficking 19,938 19,517 97.9 421 2.1

Environmental 153 151 98.7 2 1.3

Extortion/Racketeering 121 117 96.7 4 3.3

Firearms 9,318 9,074 97.4 244 2.6

Food and Drug 40 38 95.0 2 5.0

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 110 99.1 1 0.9

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,520 5,319 96.4 201 3.6

Immigration 17,652 17,566 99.5 86 0.5

Individual Rights 92 73 79.3 19 20.7

Kidnapping 128 112 87.5 16 12.5

Manslaughter 80 74 92.5 6 7.5

Money Laundering 1,192 1,105 92.7 87 7.3

Murder 410 345 84.1 65 15.9

National Defense 180 172 95.6 8 4.4

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 344 335 97.4 9 2.6

Prison Offenses 499 494 99.0 5 1.0

Robbery 1,444 1,379 95.5 65 4.5

Sexual Abuse 1,499 1,347 89.9 152 10.1

Stalking/Harassing 266 242 91.0 24 9.0

Tax 496 469 94.6 27 5.4

Other 767 758 98.8 9 1.2

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 12

GUILTY PLEAS AND TRIALS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

PLEA TRIAL

Sentencing Information | 59

This figure includes the 64,142 cases reported to the Commission. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Figure 5

GUILTY PLEAS AND TRIALS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

97.5

79.3

84.1

87.5

89.9

91.0

92.5

92.7

92.8

94.4

94.6

95.0

95.5

95.6

95.7

96.2

96.4

96.7

97.0

97.4

97.9

98.6

98.7

98.8

99.0

99.1

99.5

2.5

20.7

15.9

12.5

10.1

9.0

7.5

7.3

7.2

5.6

5.4

5.0

4.5

4.4

4.3

3.8

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.6

2.1

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.5

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%

TOTAL

Individual Rights

Murder

Antitrust

Kidnapping

Sexual Abuse

Stalking/Harassing

Manslaughter

Money Laundering

Assault

Bribery/Corruption

Tax

Food and Drug

Robbery

National Defense

Administration of Justice

Arson

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement

Extortion/Racketeering

Child Pornography

Firearms

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses

Drug Trafficking

Commercialized Vice

Environmental

Other

Drug Possession

Prison Offenses

Forgery/Counter/Copyright

Burglary/Trespass

Immigration

60 | 2022 Sourcebook

Fine Only

0.5%

Prison Only

89.0%

Prison and

Alternatives

3.1%

Probation and

Alternatives

1.6%

Probation Only

5.8%

Figure 6

SENTENCE TYPE FOR FEDERAL OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

This figure includes the 64,142 cases reported to the Commission. Alternatives include all cases in which offenders

received conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided

in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Sentencing Information | 61

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL

TOTAL 64,142 59,070 92.1 57,106 89.0 1,964 3.1 4,738 7.4 1,002 1.6 3,736 5.8 334 0.5

Administration of Justice 652 473 72.5 441 67.6 32 4.9 173 26.5 29 4.4 144 22.1 6 0.9

Antitrust 8 3 37.5 3 37.5 0 0.0 5 62.5 0 0.0 5 62.5 0 0.0

Arson 106 99 93.4 96 90.6 3 2.8 7 6.6 1 0.9 6 5.7 0 0.0

Assault 850 791 93.1 765 90.0 26 3.1 51 6.0 6 0.7 45 5.3 8 0.9

Bribery/Corruption 360 277 76.9 258 71.7 19 5.3 83 23.1 25 6.9 58 16.1 0 0.0

Burglary/Trespass 112 83 74.1 83 74.1 0 0.0 29 25.9 10 8.9 19 17.0 0 0.0

Child Pornography 1,435 1,417 98.7 1,390 96.9 27 1.9 18 1.3 5 0.3 13 0.9 0 0.0

Commercialized Vice 73 53 72.6 51 69.9 2 2.7 20 27.4 3 4.1 17 23.3 0 0.0

Drug Possession 296 124 41.9 123 41.6 1 0.3 91 30.7 4 1.4 87 29.4 81 27.4

Drug Trafficking 19,938 19,261 96.6 18,493 92.8 768 3.9 673 3.4 131 0.7 542 2.7 4 0.0

Environmental 153 47 30.7 44 28.8 3 2.0 101 66.0 14 9.2 87 56.9 5 3.3

Extortion/Racketeering 121 102 84.3 96 79.3 6 5.0 18 14.9 4 3.3 14 11.6 1 0.8

Firearms 9,318 8,775 94.2 8,551 91.8 224 2.4 542 5.8 130 1.4 412 4.4 1 0.0

Food and Drug 40 24 60.0 22 55.0 2 5.0 16 40.0 0 0.0 16 40.0 0 0.0

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 86 77.5 79 71.2 7 6.3 25 22.5 8 7.2 17 15.3 0 0.0

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,520 4,194 76.0 3,910 70.8 284 5.1 1,285 23.3 302 5.5 983 17.8 41 0.7

Immigration 17,652 16,891 95.7 16,562 93.8 329 1.9 760 4.3 192 1.1 568 3.2 1 0.0

Individual Rights 92 60 65.2 59 64.1 1 1.1 30 32.6 1 1.1 29 31.5 2 2.2

Kidnapping 128 124 96.9 122 95.3 2 1.6 4 3.1 1 0.8 3 2.3 0 0.0

Manslaughter 80 78 97.5 70 87.5 8 10.0 2 2.5 0 0.0 2 2.5 0 0.0

Money Laundering 1,192 1,039 87.2 1,006 84.4 33 2.8 152 12.8 47 3.9 105 8.8 1 0.1

Murder 410 409 99.8 404 98.5 5 1.2 1 0.2 0 0.0 1 0.2 0 0.0

National Defense 180 138 76.7 130 72.2 8 4.4 25 13.9 7 3.9 18 10.0 17 9.4

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 344 324 94.2 295 85.8 29 8.4 20 5.8 5 1.5 15 4.4 0 0.0

Prison Offenses 499 479 96.0 458 91.8 21 4.2 19 3.8 2 0.4 17 3.4 1 0.2

Robbery 1,444 1,422 98.5 1,381 95.6 41 2.8 22 1.5 6 0.4 16 1.1 0 0.0

Sexual Abuse 1,499 1,492 99.5 1,463 97.6 29 1.9 6 0.4 1 0.1 5 0.3 1 0.1

Stalking/Harassing 266 233 87.6 216 81.2 17 6.4 33 12.4 10 3.8 23 8.6 0 0.0

Tax 496 302 60.9 279 56.3 23 4.6 192 38.7 40 8.1 152 30.6 2 0.4

Other 767 270 35.2 256 33.4 14 1.8 335 43.7 18 2.3 317 41.3 162 21.1

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

Alternatives include all cases in which offenders received conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 13

SENTENCE TYPE BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

TOTAL

RECEIVING

FINE ONLYIMPRISONMENT

Prison and

Prison Only

Alternatives

TOTAL

RECEIVING

TOTAL

PROBATION

Alternatives

Only

Probation and ProbationRECEIVING

62 | 2022 Sourcebook

TOTAL

N% N% N% N% N%

Citizens 43,358 37,121 85.6 1,851 4.3 920 2.1 3,272 7.5 194 0.4

Zone A 1,815 544 30.0 36 2.0 55 3.0 1,003 55.3 177 9.8

Zone B 2,057 1,165 56.6 140 6.8 257 12.5 487 23.7 8 0.4

Zone C 2,440 1,392 57.0 264 10.8 211 8.6 570 23.4 3 0.1

Zone D 37,046 34,020 91.8 1,411 3.8 397 1.1 1,212 3.3 6 0.0

Non-Citizens 19,773 19,263 97.4 95 0.5 74 0.4 330 1.7 11 0.1

Zone A 3,773 3,573 94.7 4 0.1 9 0.2 179 4.7 8 0.2

Zone B 3,517 3,410 97.0 6 0.2 37 1.1 64 1.8 0 0.0

Zone C 2,077 2,016 97.1 18 0.9 12 0.6 31 1.5 0 0.0

Zone D 10,406 10,264 98.6 67 0.6 16 0.2 56 0.5 3 0.0

Of the 64,142 cases, 1,011 were excluded due to one or both of the following reasons: missing zone (758), or missing information on offender's citizenship status (301). The zones indicated above correspond to the offense

levels and Criminal History Categories established by the court and do not indicate the impact of mandatory minimums penalties or statutory maximums penalties constricting the sentence. Descriptions of variables used in thi

table are provided in Appendix A.

Alternatives include all cases in which offenders received conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 14

SENTENCE TYPE BY CITIZENSHIP AND SENTENCING ZONE

Fiscal Year 2022

Fine OnlyPrison Only

Alternatives

Probation Only

Prison and Probation and

Sentencing Information | 63

TYPE OF CRIME NN

TOTAL 51 26 64,141 56 30 59,068

Administration of Justice 12 8 651 16 12 472

Antitrust 5 0 8 12 15 3

Arson 45 42 106 48 48 99

Assault 64 42 850 69 46 791

Bribery/Corruption 19 12 360 24 17 277

Burglary/Trespass 18 10 112 25 18 83

Child Pornography 110 96 1,435 111 96 1,417

Commercialized Vice 24 16 73 33 20 53

Drug Possession 2 0 296 6 0 124

Drug Trafficking 78 60 19,938 80 60 19,260

Environmental 4 0 153 10 7 47

Extortion/Racketeering 61 27 121 72 33 102

Firearms 49 39 9,318 52 41 8,775

Food and Drug 11 0 40 19 10 24

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 16 12 111 19 18 86

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 22 12 5,520 28 21 4,194

Immigration 12 8 17,652 13 9 16,891

Individual Rights 41 18 92 63 36 60

Kidnapping 184 160 128 190 168 124

Manslaughter 86 68 80 88 74 78

Money Laundering 61 33 1,192 69 41 1,039

Murder 261 240 410 261 240 409

National Defense 35 15 180 46 30 138

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 22 18 344 23 18 324

Prison Offenses 12 9 499 12 9 479

Robbery 106 96 1,444 107 96 1,422

Sexual Abuse 207 180 1,499 208 180 1,492

Stalking/Harassing 26 18 266 30 24 233

Tax 14 9 496 21 14 302

Other 3 0 767 7 1 270

Of the 64,142 cases, one was excluded due to missing or indeterminable sentencing information. Sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) were

included in the sentence average computations as 470 months. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

Sentences of probation only are included here as zero months of imprisonment. In addition, the information presented in this column includes conditions of

confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1.

Length of imprisonment does not include probation or any conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT

SENTENCE LENGTH

Months

Mean Median

Months

Fiscal Year 2022

SENTENCE IMPOSED BY TYPE OF CRIME

Table 15

Mean Median

Months Months

64 | 2022 Sourcebook

TYPE OF CRIME

TOTAL

N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 64,142 51,026 79.6 4,350 6.8 8,105 12.6 661 1.0

Administration of Justice 652 480 73.6 81 12.4 80 12.3 11 1.7

Antitrust 8 1 12.5 3 37.5 1 12.5 3 37.5

Arson 106 26 24.5 0 0.0 77 72.6 3 2.8

Assault 850 653 76.8 45 5.3 144 16.9 8 0.9

Bribery/Corruption 360 151 41.9 76 21.1 106 29.4 27 7.5

Burglary/Trespass 112 37 33.0 4 3.6 59 52.7 12 10.7

Child Pornography 1,435 591 41.2 34 2.4 791 55.1 19 1.3

Commercialized Vice 73 36 49.3 29 39.7 8 11.0 0 0.0

Drug Possession 296 135 45.6 157 53.0 1 0.3 3 1.0

Drug Trafficking 19,938 18,334 92.0 1,330 6.7 258 1.3 16 0.1

Environmental 153 36 23.5 66 43.1 40 26.1 11 7.2

Extortion/Racketeering 121 91 75.2 7 5.8 21 17.4 2 1.7

Firearms 9,318 8,410 90.3 655 7.0 236 2.5 17 0.2

Food and Drug 40 21 52.5 12 30.0 5 12.5 2 5.0

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 42 37.8 8 7.2 57 51.4 4 3.6

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,520 1,026 18.6 295 5.3 3,855 69.8 344 6.2

Immigration 17,652 16,957 96.1 655 3.7 36 0.2 4 0.0

Individual Rights 92 49 53.3 15 16.3 26 28.3 2 2.2

Kidnapping 128 81 63.3 7 5.5 39 30.5 1 0.8

Manslaughter 80 46 57.5 0 0.0 34 42.5 0 0.0

Money Laundering 1,192 711 59.6 111 9.3 352 29.5 18 1.5

Murder 410 306 74.6 8 2.0 89 21.7 7 1.7

National Defense 180 136 75.6 43 23.9 1 0.6 0 0.0

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 344 323 93.9 19 5.5 2 0.6 0 0.0

Prison Offenses 499 470 94.2 25 5.0 4 0.8 0 0.0

Robbery 1,444 488 33.8 32 2.2 900 62.3 24 1.7

Sexual Abuse 1,499 943 62.9 60 4.0 483 32.2 13 0.9

Stalking/Harassing 266 194 72.9 38 14.3 31 11.7 3 1.1

Tax 496 36 7.3 27 5.4 339 68.3 94 19.0

Other 767 216 28.2 508 66.2 30 3.9 13 1.7

Of the 64,142 cases, the court sentenced the offender to pay a fine or make restitution in 13,116 cases. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

ORDERED ORDERED/NO FINENO RESTITUTION ORDERED

BOTH FINE &

RESTITUTION FINE ORDERED/ RESTITUTION

NO FINE O

RESTITUTION

Table 16

FINE AND RESTITUTION BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

Sentencing Information | 65

TYPE OF CRIME

N Mean Median Sum N Mean Median Sum N Mean Median Sum

TOTAL 4,333 $403,655 $1,000 $1,749,038,374 8,038 $1,671,037 $45,868 $13,431,800,000 11,910 $1,274,629 $10,462 $15,180,800,000

Administration of Justice 79 $9,035 $2,000 $713,800 84 $761,878 $3,260 $63,997,764 153 $422,951 $3,000 $64,711,564

Antitrust 6 $107,417 $14,500 $644,500 4 $27,760 $6,729 $111,040 7 $107,934 $10,032 $755,540

Arson 2 -- -- -- 69 $264,532 $24,113 $18,252,720 69 $264,808 $24,113 $18,271,720

Assault 45 $2,009 $600 $90,408 120 $26,308 $3,647 $3,156,965 163 $19,923 $2,330 $3,247,373

Bribery/Corruption 100 $68,388 $15,000 $6,838,812 122 $2,207,240 $272,984 $269,283,248 203 $1,360,207 $82,845 $276,122,060

Burglary/Trespass 16 $2,341 $1,000 $37,450 71 $15,656 $1,036 $1,111,575 75 $15,320 $2,000 $1,149,025

Child Pornography 45 $7,697 $2,000 $346,350 695 $24,140 $14,000 $16,777,422 729 $23,489 $13,000 $17,123,772

Commercialized Vice 28 $34,295 $4,000 $960,250 7 $22,037 $7,556 $154,256 35 $31,843 $4,000 $1,114,506

Drug Possession 160 $1,573 $500 $251,675 3 $7,982 $4,500 $23,947 161 $1,712 $500 $275,622

Drug Trafficking 1,139 $5,901 $1,000 $6,720,888 247 $93,627 $5,890 $23,125,854 1,373 $21,738 $1,500 $29,846,742

Environmental 75 $16,924 $5,000 $1,269,275 46 $87,149 $3,893 $4,008,843 110 $47,983 $5,000 $5,278,118

Extortion/Racketeering 9 $5,867 $5,000 $52,800 22 $1,018,985 $61,929 $22,417,659 29 $774,843 $27,583 $22,470,459

Firearms 589 $3,036 $1,000 $1,788,300 224 $15,098 $5,970 $3,381,859 800 $6,463 $1,500 $5,170,159

Food and Drug 13 $12,692 $2,500 $165,000 7 $125,408 $163,800 $877,859 18 $57,937 $5,000 $1,042,859

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 10 $4,750 $4,750 $47,500 59 $49,627 $1,900 $2,927,991 67 $44,410 $3,300 $2,975,491

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 488 $3,518,743 $5,000 $1,717,146,764 3,997 $2,290,136 $127,415 $9,153,673,353 4,273 $2,544,072 $107,605 $10,870,800,000

Immigration 530 $1,584 $1,000 $839,551 35 $105,539 $5,000 $3,693,859 561 $8,081 $1,000 $4,533,410

Individual Rights 16 $6,156 $3,600 $98,500 25 $56,708 $7,163 $1,417,705 39 $38,877 $5,000 $1,516,205

Kidnapping 8 $3,438 $4,250 $27,500 34 $22,076 $3,390 $750,594 41 $18,978 $3,500 $778,094

Manslaughter 0 -- -- -- 27 $35,105 $4,513 $947,822 27 $35,105 $4,513 $947,822

Money Laundering 106 $34,674 $4,900 $3,675,450 346 $5,510,809 $683,555 $1,906,739,815 442 $4,322,206 $374,055 $1,910,415,265

Murder 15 $78,137 $5,000 $1,172,050 70 $120,241 $9,963 $8,416,870 78 $122,935 $13,272 $9,588,920

National Defense 41 $12,135 $1,000 $497,545 1 -- -- -- 42 $11,965 $1,000 $502,545

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 17 $5,799 $1,000 $98,575 1 -- -- -- 18 $7,212 $1,250 $129,820

Prison Offenses 21 $1,365 $500 $28,675 4 $9,310 $9,704 $37,238 25 $2,637 $1,000 $65,913

Robbery 51 $1,912 $1,000 $97,516 848 $34,766 $4,050 $29,481,551 879 $33,651 $3,697 $29,579,067

Sexual Abuse 68 $13,985 $1,500 $951,000 378 $66,406 $10,000 $25,101,468 438 $59,481 $8,057 $26,052,468

Stalking/Harassing 32 $8,656 $6,250 $277,000 30 $24,399 $4,750 $731,976 59 $17,101 $7,000 $1,008,976

Tax 105 $35,080 $10,000 $3,683,350 425 $2,021,295 $283,378 $859,050,325 452 $1,908,703 $272,686 $862,733,675

Other 519 $961 $500 $498,890 37 $27,354,182 $2,948 $1,012,104,742 544 $1,861,404 $500 $1,012,603,632

Of the 64,142 cases, the court sentenced the offender to pay a fine or make restitution in 13,116 cases. The total number of cases used to calculate amounts of payment ordered (11,910) is less than the total number

of cases receiving fines and/or restitution (13,116) due to the exclusion of cases for which a fine and/or restitution was ordered, but the amount was not specified. Fine information includes either fines

and/or the cost of supervision. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

In cases of joint and several restitution, the full amount of restitution is attributed to each offender, which may result in overinflation of the mean and total amount of restitution reported for all offenders.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

FINE OR RESTITUTION ORDEREDRESTITUTION ORDERED

FINE ORDERED

Table 17

AMOUNT OF FINE AND RESTITUTION ORDERED BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

66 | 2022 Sourcebook

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL

TOTAL 64,142 11,527 18.0 52,615 82.0 48 36

Administration of Justice 652 225 34.5 427 65.5 24 24

Antitrust 8 6 75.0 2 25.0 -- --

Arson 106 10 9.4 96 90.6 35 36

Assault 850 101 11.9 749 88.1 35 36

Bribery/Corruption 360 89 24.7 271 75.3 29 36

Burglary/Trespass 112 31 27.7 81 72.3 28 36

Child Pornography 1,435 21 1.5 1,414 98.5 192 120

Commercialized Vice 73 20 27.4 53 72.6 42 36

Drug Possession 296 246 83.1 50 16.9 14 12

Drug Trafficking 19,938 954 4.8 18,984 95.2 48 48

Environmental 153 113 73.9 40 26.1 27 30

Extortion/Racketeering 121 22 18.2 99 81.8 35 36

Firearms 9,318 633 6.8 8,685 93.2 35 36

Food and Drug 40 21 52.5 19 47.5 28 36

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 29 26.1 82 73.9 32 36

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,520 1,546 28.0 3,974 72.0 34 36

Immigration 17,652 6,054 34.3 11,598 65.7 28 36

Individual Rights 92 34 37.0 58 63.0 31 36

Kidnapping 128 9 7.0 119 93.0 52 60

Manslaughter 80 3 3.8 77 96.3 36 36

Money Laundering 1,192 196 16.4 996 83.6 39 36

Murder 410 13 3.2 397 96.8 53 60

National Defense 180 49 27.2 131 72.8 61 36

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 344 22 6.4 322 93.6 75 60

Prison Offenses 499 200 40.1 299 59.9 30 36

Robbery 1,444 37 2.6 1,407 97.4 40 36

Sexual Abuse 1,499 11 0.7 1,488 99.3 217 120

Stalking/Harassing 266 35 13.2 231 86.8 33 36

Tax 496 194 39.1 302 60.9 24 24

Other 767 603 78.6 164 21.4 18 12

Supervision sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) were included in the supervised release average computations as 470 months. Descriptions of variables

used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

Length of Supervised Release includes only cases where supervised release was imposed.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

SUPERVISED RELEASE BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

RELEASE ORDERED

Table 18

MeanRELEASE ORDERED

Months

NO SUPERVISED SUPERVISED

LENGTH OF

SUPERVISED RELEASE

Median

Months

Sentencing Information | 67

TOTAL

TYPE OF CRIME

ELIGIBLE

TOTAL 5,899 924 15.7

Administration of Justice 255 36 14.1

Antitrust 5 0 0.0

Arson 2 0 0.0

Assault 83 1 1.2

Bribery/Corruption 64 9 14.1

Burglary/Trespass 46 9 19.6

Child Pornography 0 0 --

Commercialized Vice 25 2 8.0

Drug Possession 212 5 2.4

Drug Trafficking 589 90 15.3

Environmental 86 11 12.8

Extortion/Racketeering 10 2 20.0

Firearms 505 95 18.8

Food and Drug 22 0 0.0

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 39 7 17.9

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 1,551 288 18.6

Immigration 1,267 247 19.5

Individual Rights 24 2 8.3

Kidnapping 0 0 --

Manslaughter 0 0 --

Money Laundering 139 33 23.7

Murder 0 0 --

National Defense 26 4 15.4

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 63 11 17.5

Prison Offenses 265 15 5.7

Robbery 3 1 33.3

Sexual Abuse 22 2 9.1

Stalking/Harassing 53 10 18.9

Tax 117 25 21.4

Other 426 19 4.5

Of the 64,142 cases, 43,947 involved United States citizens. In 5,899 of these, the offender was eligible for alternative conditions of

confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1, was not convicted of a Class A or Class B felony, and was not subject to any mandatory

minimum penalty at the time of sentencing. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 19

Fiscal Year 2022

RECEIVED NON-PRISON SENTENCE

RATE OF NON-PRISON SENTENCES FOR U.S. CITIZEN OFFENDERS

68 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE APPLICATION

Guideline

§2A1.1 286 0.5 311 0.4 §2D1.10 1 0.0 1 0.0

§2A1.2 80 0.1 86 0.1 §2D1.11 1 0.0 3 0.0

§2A1.3 40 0.1 42 0.1 §2D1.12 3 0.0 3 0.0

§2A1.4 39 0.1 44 0.1 §2D1.13 0 0.0 1 0.0

§2A1.5 27 0.0 80 0.1 §2D1.14 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2A2.1 182 0.3 236 0.3 §2D2.1 129 0.2 145 0.2

§2A2.2 524 0.8 610 0.9 §2D2.2 51 0.1 57 0.1

§2A2.3 68 0.1 101 0.1 §2D2.3 1 0.0 1 0.0

§2A2.4 247 0.4 286 0.4 §2D3.1 1 0.0 2 0.0

§2A3.1 139 0.2 162 0.2 §2D3.2 0 0.0 1 0.0

§2A3.2 45 0.1 57 0.1 §2D3.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2A3.3 6 0.0 7 0.0 §2D3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2A3.4 48 0.1 87 0.1 §2D3.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2A3.5 307 0.5 318 0.5 §2E1.1 48 0.1 361 0.5

§2A4.1 120 0.2 147 0.2 §2E1.2 2 0.0 110 0.2

§2A4.2 2 0.0 2 0.0 §2E1.3 0 0.0 115 0.2

§2A5.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2E1.4 9 0.0 28 0.0

§2A5.2 27 0.0 30 0.0 §2E1.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2A5.3 0 0.0 1 0.0 §2E2.1 4 0.0 11 0.0

§2A6.1 184 0.3 199 0.3 §2E3.1 39 0.1 54 0.1

§2A6.2 79 0.1 97 0.1 §2E3.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B1.1 5,208 8.4 5,739 8.3 §2E3.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2E4.1 12 0.0 13 0.0

§2B1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2E5.1 1 0.0 1 0.0

§2B1.4 17 0.0 18 0.0 §2E5.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B1.5

7 0.0 7 0.0 §2E5.3 0 0.0 4 0.0

§2B1.6

90 0.1 -- -- §2E5.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B2.1 69 0.1 80 0.1 §2E5.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B2.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2E5.6 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B2.3 39 0.1 41 0.1 §2F1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B3.1 1,424 2.3 1,570 2.3 §2F1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B3.2 23 0.0 44 0.1 §2G1.1 68 0.1 106 0.2

§2B3.3 5 0.0 10 0.0 §2G1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B4.1 119 0.2 126 0.2 §2G1.3 475 0.8 609 0.9

§2B5.1 86 0.1 93 0.1 §2G2.1 746 1.2 797 1.2

§2B5.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2G2.2 1,432 2.3 1,668 2.4

§2B5.3 24 0.0 26 0.0 §2G2.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B5.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2G2.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2B6.1 3 0.0 4 0.0 §2G2.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2C1.1 213 0.3 228 0.3 §2G2.6 1 0.0 1 0.0

§2C1.2 15 0.0 17 0.0 §2G3.1 33 0.1 49 0.1

§2C1.3 4 0.0 4 0.0 §2G3.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2C1.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2H1.1 63 0.1 81 0.1

§2C1.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2H1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2C1.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2H1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2C1.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2H1.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2C1.8 7 0.0 7 0.0 §2H1.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2D1.1 19,612 31.6 20,595 29.7 §2H2.1 3 0.0 3 0.0

§2D1.2 208 0.3 212 0.3 §2H3.1 4 0.0 6 0.0

§2D1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2H3.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2D1.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2H3.3 11 0.0 12 0.0

§2D1.5 8 0.0 9 0.0

§2H4.1 9 0.0 10 0.0

§2D1.6 0 0.0 181 0.3 §2H4.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2D1.7 0 0.0 1 0.0 §2J1.1 0 0.0 8 0.0

§2D1.8 22 0.0 71 0.1 §2J1.2 111 0.2 183 0.3

§2D1.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2J1.3 13 0.0 22 0.0

As Any

Guideline Guideline

Table 20

FEDERAL OFFENDERS SENTENCED UNDER EACH CHAPTER TWO GUIDELINE

Fiscal Year 2022

As Primary As Any

Guideline

As Primary

Guideline

70 | 2022 Sourcebook

Guideline

§2J1.4 8 0.0 13 0.0 §2M6.1 0 0.0 1 0.0

§2J1.5 0 0.0 1 0.0 §2M6.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2J1.6 27 0.0 27 0.0 §2N1.1 14 0.0 14 0.0

§2J1.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2N1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2J1.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2N1.3 1 0.0 1 0.0

§2J1.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2N2.1 21 0.0 54 0.1

§2K1.1 1 0.0 1 0.0 §2N3.1 0 0.0 3 0.0

§2K1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2P1.1 280 0.5 297 0.4

§2K1.3 6 0.0 7 0.0 §2P1.2 144 0.2 186 0.3

§2K1.4 103 0.2 126 0.2 §2P1.3 2 0.0 2 0.0

§2K1.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2P1.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2K1.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2Q1.1 2 0.0 2 0.0

§2K1.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2Q1.2 49 0.1 53 0.1

§2K2.1 8,875 14.3 9,367 13.5 §2Q1.3 13 0.0 14 0.0

§2K2.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2Q1.4 1 0.0 1 0.0

§2K2.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2Q1.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2K2.4

361 0.6 -- -- §2Q1.6 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2K2.5 12 0.0 20 0.0 §2Q2.1 69 0.1 71 0.1

§2K2.6 1 0.0 3 0.0 §2Q2.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2K3.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2R1.1 8 0.0 8 0.0

§2K3.2 0 0.0 1 0.0 §2S1.1 1,001 1.6 1,048 1.5

§2L1.1 4,056 6.5 4,095 5.9 §2S1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2L1.2 11,978 19.3 12,112 17.5 §2S1.3 185 0.3 197 0.3

§2L1.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2S1.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2L2.1 84 0.1 90 0.1 §2T1.1 262 0.4 335 0.5

§2L2.2 661 1.1 689 1.0 §2T1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2L2.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T1.3 1 0.0 1 0.0

§2L2.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T1.4 139 0.2 150 0.2

§2L2.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T1.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2M1.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T1.6 69 0.1 73 0.1

§2M2.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T1.7 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2M2.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T1.8 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2M2.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T1.9 7 0.0 58 0.1

§2M2.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T2.1 1 0.0 1 0.0

§2M3.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T2.2 1 0.0 1 0.0

§2M3.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T3.1 14 0.0 62 0.1

§2M3.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T3.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2M3.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2T4.1 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2M3.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2X1.1 15 0.0 2,744 4.0

§2M3.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2X2.1 0 0.0 21 0.0

§2M3.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2X3.1 97 0.2 117 0.2

§2M3.8 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2X4.1 213 0.3 213 0.3

§2M3.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2X5.1 0 0.0 116 0.2

§2M4.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 §2X5.2 214 0.3 218 0.3

§2M5.1 17 0.0 18 0.0 §2X6.1 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2M5.2 118 0.2 124 0.2 §2X7.1 0 0.0 0 0.0

§2M5.3 19 0.0 22 0.0 §2X7.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

69,230

62,074

Of the 64,142 cases, 2,068 were excluded due to missing guideline applied. The total for any guideline can exceed that for primary guideline because

several guidelines may be applied in a case, but only one primary guideline. For the 'As Any Guideline' section, each unique guideline is only counted

once in a case. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

In these cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1028A (Aggravated Identity Theft) as the only count or counts of conviction.

The Guidelines Manual

rovides punishment for this type of offense under §2B1.6.

In these cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition, or Explosives During or in

Relation to Certain Crimes) as the only count or counts of conviction. The Guidelines Manual

rovides punishment for this type of offense under

§2K2.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Number of cases with at least one guideline applied:

Guideline Guideline Guideline

Table 20 (cont.)

Total number of guidelines applied:

Guideline

As Primary As Any As Primary As Any

Guideline Application | 71

VICTIM-RELATED

Vulnerable Victim (§3A1.1)

Vulnerable victim involved 347 0.6

No vulnerable victim involved 60,568 99.3

Hate crime 21 0.0

Vulnerable victim involved and large number of victims 47 0.1

Vulnerable victim involved and hate crime 1 0.0

Vulnerable victim involved, hate crime, and large number of victims 0 0.0

Official Victim (§3A1.2)

Official victim involved 36 0.1

Offense against person or involved substantial risk of serious bodily injury 239 0.4

No official victim involved 60,709 99.5

Restraint of Victim (§3A1.3)

Offense involved restraint of victim 98 0.2

Offense did not involve restraint of victim 60,886 99.8

Terrorism (§3A1.4)

Offense involved a federal crime of terrorism 29 0.1

Offense did not involve a federal crime of terrorism 60,953 99.9

Offense committed before adjustment added to guidelines 2 0.0

Serious Human Rights Offense (§3A1.5)

Offender convicted of a serious human rights offense 0 0.0

Offender was not convicted of a serious human rights offense 60,965 100.0

Offense committed before adjustment added to guidelines 19 0.0

CHAPTER 3, PART A TOTAL 60,984 100.0

ROLE IN THE OFFENSE

Aggravating Role (§3B1.1)

Organizer or leader 819 1.3

Manager or supervisor 572 0.9

Lesser organizer, leader, manager, or supervisor 1,052 1.7

No aggravating role 58,541 96.0

Mitigating Role (§3B1.2)

Minimal participant 629 1.0

Less than minor role but not minimal 303 0.5

Minor participant 4,198 6.9

No mitigating role 55,854 91.6

Abuse of Position of Trust or Use of Special Skill (§3B1.3)

Offender abused position of trust or used special skill 1,140 1.9

Offender did not abuse position of trust or use special skill 59,844 98.1

Table 21

FEDERAL OFFENDERS RECEIVING

CHAPTER THREE GUIDELINE ADJUSTMENTS

Fiscal Year 2022

72 | 2022 Sourcebook

Use of a Minor to Commit a Crime (§3B1.4)

Offender used a minor 223 0.4

Offender did not use a minor 60,759 99.6

Offense committed before adjustment added to guidelines 2 0.0

Use of Body Armor to Commit a Crime (§3B1.5)

Offender used body armor (+2) 8 0.0

Offender used body armor (+4) 8 0.0

Offender did not use body armor 60,956 100.0

Offense committed before adjustment added to guidelines 12 0.0

CHAPTER 3, PART B TOTAL 60,984 100.0

OBSTRUCTION

Obstruction of Justice (§3C1.1)

Offender obstructed justice 1,389 2.3

Offender did not obstruct justice 59,595 97.7

Reckless Endangerment During Flight (§3C1.2)

Offense involved reckless endangerment during flight 1,000 1.6

Offense did not involve reckless endangerment during flight 59,984 98.4

Offense committed before adjustment added to guidelines 0 0.0

Commission of Offense While on Release (§3C1.3)

Offense involved commission of offense while on release 122 0.2

Offense did not involve commission of offense while on release 60,848 99.8

Offense committed before adjustment added to guidelines 14 0.0

False Registration of Domain Name (§3C1.4)

Offense involved false registration of domain name 2 0.0

Offense did not involve false registration of domain name 60,968 100.0

Offense committed before adjustment added to guidelines 14 0.0

CHAPTER 3, PART C TOTAL 60,984 100.0

ACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY

Acceptance of Responsibility (§3E1.1)

Offender accepted responsibility (-3) 41,418 67.9

Offender accepted responsibility (-2) 17,017 27.9

Offender did not accept responsibility 2,570 4.2

CHAPTER 3, PART E TOTAL 61,005 100.0

Of the 64,142 cases, the Commission received complete guideline application information for 61,006 cases. Of these, 22 cases were excluded from

the calculations due to missing Chapter Three adjustment information on vulnerable victim, official victim, restraint of victim, terrorism, human rights,

aggravating role, mitigating role, abuse of position, use of minor, use of body armor, obstruction of justice, reckless endangerment, commission of

offense while on release, and false registration of domain name, and one case due to missing information on acceptance of responsibility. Descriptions

of each guideline adjustment can be found in USSG Chapter Three.

When an offender uses computer encryption during the commission of an offense or to avoid detection, it may result in the application of the

Obstruction of Justice adjustment. For those cases that received complete guideline application information, 444 offenders used encryption or

scrambling technology and of those, twenty-eight also received an enhancement under §3C1.1.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 21 (cont.)

Guideline Application | 73

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL

N% N% N%

TOTAL 61,005 2,570 4.2 17,017 27.9 41,418 67.9

Administration of Justice 619 39 6.3 395 63.8 185 29.9

Antitrust 8 1 12.5 6 75.0 1 12.5

Arson 102 6 5.9 9 8.8 87 85.3

Assault 774 74 9.6 82 10.6 618 79.8

Bribery/Corruption 352 22 6.3 42 11.9 288 81.8

Burglary/Trespass 107 2 1.9 70 65.4 35 32.7

Child Pornography 1,424 51 3.6 11 0.8 1,362 95.6

Commercialized Vice 72 4 5.6 34 47.2 34 47.2

Drug Possession 124 8 6.5 115 92.7 1 0.8

Drug Trafficking 19,634 750 3.8 1,043 5.3 17,841 90.9

Environmental 132 1 0.8 78 59.1 53 40.2

Extortion/Racketeering 106 4 3.8 10 9.4 92 86.8

Firearms 8,847 398 4.5 1,506 17.0 6,943 78.5

Food and Drug 34 2 5.9 20 58.8 12 35.3

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 110 9 8.2 62 56.4 39 35.5

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,182 318 6.1 2,219 42.8 2,645 51.0

Immigration 16,677 298 1.8 10,060 60.3 6,319 37.9

Individual Rights 88 20 22.7 22 25.0 46 52.3

Kidnapping 126 22 17.5 2 1.6 102 81.0

Manslaughter 80 6 7.5 3 3.8 71 88.8

Money Laundering 1,159 104 9.0 162 14.0 893 77.0

Murder 400 70 17.5 13 3.3 317 79.3

National Defense 157 11 7.0 23 14.6 123 78.3

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 339 8 2.4 178 52.5 153 45.1

Prison Offenses 407 9 2.2 385 94.6 13 3.2

Robbery 1,418 83 5.9 29 2.0 1,306 92.1

Sexual Abuse 1,482 171 11.5 39 2.6 1,272 85.8

Stalking/Harassing 262 33 12.6 68 26.0 161 61.5

Tax 491 37 7.5 60 12.2 394 80.2

Other 292 9 3.1 271 92.8 12 4.1

Of the 64,142 cases, the Commission received complete guideline application information for 61,006 cases. Of these, one was excluded due to missing

information on acceptance of responsibility. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A. The acceptance of responsibility

adjustment can be found in USSG §3E1.1.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

ADJUSTMENTADJUSTMENTADJUSTMENT

Table 22

ACCEPTANCE OF RESPONSIBILITY REDUCTIONS

Fiscal Year 2022

3-LEVEL2-LEVELNO ACCEPTANCE

BY TYPE OF CRIME

74 | 2022 Sourcebook

Category I

41.4%

Category II

13.8%

Category III

17.0%

Category IV

10.3%

Category V

6.7%

Category VI

10.8%

Figure 7

CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGORY

OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Of the 64,142 cases, 378 were excluded due to missing Criminal History Category. Descriptions of variables used in this

figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Guideline Application | 75

Number of Prior Countable Sentences

Greater Than 13 Months (§4A1.1(a)) (3-Point Offenses)

N %

0 37,261 61.1

1 11,481 18.8

2 6,157 10.1

3 or more 6,107 10.0

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Number of Prior Countable Sentences

of 60 Days or Greater (§4A1.1(b)) (2-Point Offenses)

N %

0 43,943 72.0

1 9,903 16.2

2 4,022 6.6

3 or more 3,138 5.1

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Number of Prior Countable Sentences

of Less Than 60 Days (§4A1.1(c)) (1-Point Offenses)

N %

0 35,590 58.3

1 12,459 20.4

2 6,088 10.0

3 or more 6,869 11.3

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Commission of Offense While Under

Criminal Justice Sentence (§4A1.1(d))

N %

16,275 26.7

No additional criminal history points given 44,731 73.3

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Commission of a Prior Crime of Violence

Not Receiving Points Under (a), (b), or (c) (§4A1.1(e))

N %

661 1.1

No additional criminal history points given 60,345 98.9

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Additional points given for prior sentences resulting from a crime of

violence that did not receive any points under (a), (b), or (c)

Table 23

CRIMINAL HISTORY POINTS OF FEDERAL OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Additional points given for commission of instant offense while under

criminal justice sentence

76 | 2022 Sourcebook

Total Criminal History Points

N %

0 20,663 33.9

1 4,217 6.9

2 2,992 4.9

3 5,499 9.0

4 3,342 5.5

5 3,703 6.1

6 3,597 5.9

7 2,065 3.4

8 2,560 4.2

9 2,076 3.4

10 1,471 2.4

11 1,640 2.7

12 1,329 2.2

13 or more 5,852 9.6

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Career Offender (§4B1.1)

N %

Offender found to be career offender 1,356 2.2

Offender found not to be career offender 59,650 97.8

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Criminal Livelihood (§4B1.3)

N %

Offender found to have engaged in criminal livelihood 2 0.0

Offender found not to have engaged in criminal livelihood 61,004 100.0

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Armed Career Criminal (§4B1.4)

N %

Offender found to be armed career criminal 244 0.4

Offender found not to be armed career criminal 60,762 99.6

Offense committed before adjustment was added to guidelines 0 0.0

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Repeat and Dangerous Sex Offender Against Minors (§4B1.5)

N %

Offender found to be a repeat and dangerous sex offender against minors 649 1.1

60,348 98.9

Offense committed before adjustment was added to guidelines 9 0.0

TOTAL 61,006 100.0

Of the 64,142 cases, the Commission received complete guideline application information for 61,006 cases. Descriptions of each guideline

adjustment can be found in USSG Chapter Four.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Offender found not to be a repeat and dangerous sex offender against

minors

Table 23 (cont.)

Guideline Application | 77

OFFENSE Cumulativ

LEVEL

% % I II III IV V VI

1 40.0 0.0 100300

2 208 0.3 0.3 134 21 25 7 6 15

3 11 0.0 0.4 8 1 1 1 0 0

4 1,398 2.2 2.6 1,026 84 130 56 43 59

5 85 0.1 2.7 48 13 7 2 4 11

6 4,561 7.2 9.9 3,542 613 273 62 37 34

7 413 0.7 10.5 108 30 74 57 53 91

8 1,192 1.9 12.4 618 260 209 46 22 37

9 204 0.3 12.7 94 28 36 13 13 20

10 5,953 9.4 22.1 1,513 1,733 1,551 616 299 241

11 734 1.2 23.3 385 52 83 54 64 96

12 2,895 4.6 27.9 881 457 591 384 257 325

13 4,589 7.2 35.1 1,349 953 1,120 597 290 280

14 533 0.8 35.9 274 71 69 35 28 56

15 3,868 6.1 42.0 1,362 737 829 408 261 271

16 666 1.1 43.1 401 54 87 46 32 46

17 3,719 5.9 49.0 1,016 271 803 703 463 463

18 654 1.0 50.0 377 69 88 52 29 39

19 2,788 4.4 54.4 991 254 505 455 284 299

20 698 1.1 55.5 377 66 97 60 35 63

21 3,484 5.5 61.0 1,015 375 642 544 374 534

22 666 1.1 62.0 355 56 84 54 48 69

23 3,098 4.9 66.9 1,330 315 505 336 230 382

24 855 1.3 68.3 503 78 109 67 38 60

25 2,402 3.8 72.1 995 252 365 301 202 287

26 921 1.5 73.5 488 93 138 67 42 93

27 3,189 5.0 78.6 1,578 316 434 302 230 329

28 669 1.1 79.6 335 92 108 56 36 42

29 2,833 4.5 84.1 814 351 459 319 190 700

30 729 1.2 85.2 334 57 93 72 54 119

31 2,317 3.7 88.9 740 243 344 231 143 616

32 400 0.6 89.5 172 41 60 32 23 72

33 1,574 2.5 92.0 733 170 220 157 111 183

34 786 1.2 93.2 261 48 54 36 24 363

35 1,239 2.0 95.2 526 172 194 96 82 169

36 245 0.4 95.6 125 25 34 19 16 26

37 791 1.2 96.8 367 101 98 48 50 127

38 238 0.4 97.2 127 29 31 14 12 25

39 308 0.5 97.7 164 34 40 29 13 28

40 351 0.6 98.2 161 37 57 31 20 45

41 215 0.3 98.6 111 27 29 14 12 22

42 214 0.3 98.9 130 25 20 11 10 18

43 685 1.1 100.0 387 66 87 41 37 67

TOTAL 63,382 -- -- 26,256 8,770 10,783 6,534 4,217 6,822

% 100.0 100.0 41.4 13.8 17.0 10.3 6.7 10.8

Of the 64,142 cases, 760 were excluded due to one or both of the following reasons: missing offense level (757) or missing Criminal History

Category (378). Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 24

FEDERAL OFFENDERS IN EACH OFFENSE LEVEL AND CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGORY

Fiscal Year 2022

TOTAL CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGORY

78 | 2022 Sourcebook

Cumulative

N%%

0-6 5,778 9.1 9.1

1-7 635 1.0 10.1

2-8 359 0.6 10.7

3-9 0 0.0 10.7

4-10 474 0.7 11.4

6-12 1,875 3.0 14.4

8-14 2,211 3.5 17.9

9-15 48 0.1 18.0

10-16 2,530 4.0 21.9

12-18 1,989 3.1 25.1

15-21 2,547 4.0 29.1

18-24 2,657 4.2 33.3

21-27 1,909 3.0 36.3

24-30 2,801 4.4 40.7

27-33 1,123 1.8 42.5

30-37 2,886 4.6 47.0

33-41 1,073 1.7 48.7

37-46 2,606 4.1 52.9

41-51 1,182 1.9 54.7

46-57 2,992 4.7 59.4

51-63 1,454 2.3 61.7

57-71 2,445 3.9 65.6

63-78 1,237 2.0 67.5

70-87 2,809 4.4 72.0

77-96 649 1.0 73.0

78-97 789 1.2 74.2

84-105 600 0.9 75.2

87-108 1,340 2.1 77.3

92-115 487 0.8 78.1

97-121 793 1.3 79.3

100-125 564 0.9 80.2

108-135 1,256 2.0 82.2

110-137 383 0.6 82.8

120-150 321 0.5 83.3

121-151 827 1.3 84.6

130-162 364 0.6 85.2

135-168 1,190 1.9 87.1

140-175 231 0.4 87.4

151-188 1,438 2.3 89.7

168-210 1,084 1.7 91.4

188-235 1,121 1.8 93.2

210-262 799 1.3 94.4

235-293 562 0.9 95.3

262-327 822 1.3 96.6

292-365 462 0.7 97.3

324-405 278 0.4 97.8

360-Life 719 1.1 98.9

Life 685 1.1 100.0

TOTAL 63,384 100.0 --

Of the 64,142 cases, 758 were excluded due to missing sentencing range. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in

Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

(in months)

Table 25

FEDERAL OFFENDERS IN EACH GUIDELINE SENTENCING RANGE

Fiscal Year 2022

FINAL GUIDELINE RANGE

Guideline Application | 79

TYPE OF CRIME

N% N%

TOTAL 1,356 100.0 244 100.0

Administration of Justice 1 0.1 0 0.0

Antitrust 0 0.0 0 0.0

Arson 0 0.0 0 0.0

Assault 24 1.8 3 1.2

Bribery/Corruption 0 0.0 0 0.0

Burglary/Trespass 0 0.0 0 0.0

Child Pornography 0 0.0 0 0.0

Commercialized Vice 0 0.0 0 0.0

Drug Possession 1 0.1 0 0.0

Drug Trafficking 1,084 79.9 28 11.5

Environmental 0 0.0 0 0.0

Extortion/Racketeering 4 0.3 0 0.0

Firearms 124 9.1 205 84.0

Food and Drug 0 0.0 0 0.0

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 0 0.0 0 0.0

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 0 0.0 0 0.0

Immigration 1 0.1 0 0.0

Individual Rights 0 0.0 0 0.0

Kidnapping 4 0.3 2 0.8

Manslaughter 2 0.1 2 0.8

Money Laundering 16 1.2 0 0.0

Murder 11 0.8 0 0.0

National Defense 1 0.1 0 0.0

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 0 0.0 0 0.0

Prison Offenses 0 0.0 0 0.0

Robbery 77 5.7 4 1.6

Sexual Abuse 4 0.3 0 0.0

Stalking/Harassing 2 0.1 0 0.0

Tax 0 0.0 0 0.0

Other 0 0.0 0 0.0

Of the 64,142 cases, the Commission received complete guideline application information for 61,006 cases. Of these, 1,356 offenders received

the career offender adjustment and 244 received the armed career criminal adjustment. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided

in Appendix A. A description of career offender and armed career criminal adjustments can be found in USSG §§4B1.1 and 4B1.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

CAREER OFFENDER

ARMED CAREER

CRIMINAL

Table 26

NUMBER OF CAREER OFFENDERS AND ARMED CAREER CRIMINALS

BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

80 | 2022 Sourcebook

Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean

TYPE OF CRIME Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N

TOTAL 52 27 63,763 40 14 26,377 38 14 8,817 49 24 10,866 60 37 6,580 74 51 4,250 98 77 6,873

Administration of Justice 12 8 647 9 4 415 13 10 53 13 8 71 16 18 31 20 18 35 32 30 42

Antitrust 5 0 8 5 0 7 -- -- 0 -- -- 1 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0

Arson 45 42 106 34 27 53 55 44 12 43 30 17 59 60 10 60 60 3 76 76 11

Assault 65 43 833 40 24 292 51 36 93 74 42 147 75 60 100 87 68 72 102 84 129

Bribery/Corruption 19 12 360 18 12 327 40 36 9 22 20 12 9 4 4 -- -- 2 48 41 6

Burglary/Trespass 19 11 111 5 2 47 23 7 10 15 18 17 22 21 8 28 30 13 51 33 16

Child Pornography 110 96 1,435 96 78 1,016 134 120 126 136 120 190 162 144 51 191 166 28 158 145 24

Commercialized Vice 24 16 73 19 13 42 47 18 7 20 14 12 31 27 3 -- -- 1 41 37 8

Drug Possession 3 0 260 0 0 159 2 0 28 2 0 26 7 0 13 1 0 8 15 2 26

Drug Trafficking 78 60 19,930 54 37 8,294 70 60 2,340 81 65 3,052 94 84 1,963 106 92 1,342 126 120 2,939

Environmental 4 0 145 4 0 121 4 0 15 4 2 7 -- -- 1 -- -- 1 -- -- 0

Extortion/Racketeering 44 24 112 24 5 60 17 10 11 68 30 15 49 45 8 86 23 4 107 61 14

Firearms 49 37 9,240 22 14 1,370 31 27 818 38 32 1,856 48 42 1,781 58 48 1,305 76 63 2,110

Food and Drug 12 4 37 9 0 33 37 48 3 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 1 -- -- 0

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 16 12 111 7 0 43 9 8 12 12 9 15 22 25 12 26 23 10 34 31 19

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 22 12 5,456 19 10 3,850 22 14 446 27 19 508 35 26 224 34 24 155 35 30 273

Immigration 12 8 17,615 7 4 6,390 10 8 4,138 14 12 3,968 21 18 1,792 29 27 829 35 30 498

Individual Rights 41 18 91 41 20 82 100 0 3 -- -- 2 -- -- 0 10 3 3 -- -- 1

Kidnapping 182 160 127 144 120 42 139 120 17 180 186 17 178 168 13 198 210 13 271 235 25

Manslaughter 86 68 80 68 60 47 94 87 8 120 97 12 87 87 6 -- -- 2 176 180 5

Money Laundering 61 33 1,191 41 24 844 73 51 114 104 72 125 137 99 48 129 108 23 191 180 37

Murder 260 240 408 258 221 152 266 240 54 254 216 77 224 192 39 287 270 28 279 300 58

National Defense 37 17 174 20 12 133 29 34 12 47 40 9 -- -- 1 -- -- 0 155 180 19

Obscenit

/Other Sex Offense

22 18 342 24 15 45 21 12 42 17 13 91 18 17 58 27 27 48 27 25 58

Prison Offenses 12 9 499 5 2 28 4 2 9 5 4 102 11 8 105 14 12 86 17 15 169

Robbery 106 96 1,443 81 65 369 96 84 171 104 90 280 114 108 197 119 102 135 133 120 291

Sexual Abuse 207 180 1,499 198 180 1,006 201 180 151 212 180 139 211 204 73 268 262 79 284 240 51

Stalking/Harassing 27 18 265 21 16 133 27 20 41 25 17 29 25 24 19 31 21 14 51 51 29

Tax 14 9 496 13 7 424 19 12 38 15 15 20 25 29 4 13 18 3 26 12 7

Other 3 0 669 2 0 553 3 0 36 5 1 49 4 4 16 13 12 7 30 21 8

Of the 64,142 cases, 379 cases were excluded due to one of the following reasons: missing Criminal History Category (378) or missing or indeterminable sentencing information (1). Sentences of 470 months or greater

(including life) and probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this table includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1.

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22

Median Median

IV VTOTAL I II III VI

Median

CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGOR

SENTENCE LENGTH IN EACH CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGORY BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

Table 27

Median MedianMedian Median

Guideline Application | 81

Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean

TYPE OF CRIME Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N Mths Mths N

TOTAL 56 30 58,815 46 24 22,366 40 15 8,420 50 24 10,538 61 40 6,481 75 51 4,190 99 77 6,820

Administration of Justice 16 12 469 13 9 258 14 12 45 16 12 60 16 18 30 20 18 34 32 30 42

Antitrust 12 15 3 12 15 3 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0

Arson 48 48 99 38 35 46 55 44 12 43 30 17 59 60 10 60 60 3 76 72 11

Assault 69 46 782 46 27 255 57 42 84 76 42 143 76 60 99 87 68 72 102 84 129

Bribery/Corruption 24 17 277 23 15 246 45 39 8 23 21 11 8 2 4 -- -- 2 48 41 6

Burglary/Trespass 25 18 82 9 5 26 43 14 5 16 19 15 22 21 8 30 31 12 51 33 16

Child Pornography 111 96 1,417 98 78 1,000 135 120 125 136 120 189 162 144 51 191 166 28 158 145 24

Commercialized Vice 33 20 53 31 18 25 65 60 5 22 15 11 31 27 3 -- -- 1 41 37 8

Drug Possession 6 0 105 2 0 36 3 0 17 3 0 16 13 1 7 2 0 6 17 7 23

Drug Trafficking 80 60 19,254 56 42 7,833 72 60 2,243 82 66 2,990 95 84 1,936 107 96 1,328 126 120 2,924

Environmental 10 7 47 10 7 40 12 8 4 9 11 3 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 0

Extortion/Racketeering 52 30 93 33 21 43 17 2 9 68 30 15 49 45 8 86 23 4 107 61 14

Firearms 51 41 8,698 28 21 1,030 33 27 756 40 33 1,778 49 42 1,749 58 50 1,287 77 63 2,098

Food and Drug 19 10 24 14 7 20 37 48 3 -- -- 0 -- -- 0 -- -- 1 -- -- 0

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 19 18 86 10 8 27 9 9 10 14 15 12 25 26 10 27 34 9 35 32 18

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 28 21 4,157 26 18 2,744 26 20 362 31 24 437 36 27 211 36 27 146 37 30 257

Immigration 13 9 16,854 7 4 5,738 10 8 4,082 14 12 3,927 21 18 1,785 29 27 825 35 30 497

Individual Rights 63 36 60 60 36 56 -- -- 1 -- -- 1 -- -- 0 -- -- 1 -- -- 1

Kidnapping 188 168 123 159 121 38 139 120 17 180 186 17 178 168 13 198 210 13 271 235 25

Manslaughter 88 74 78 71 60 45 94 87 8 120 97 12 87 87 6 -- -- 2 176 180 5

Money Laundering 69 41 1,038 49 30 702 78 57 107 107 78 121 137 99 48 129 108 23 191 180 37

Murder 260 240 407 258 221 152 266 240 54 254 216 77 224 192 39 287 270 28 284 300 57

National Defense 46 30 136 26 24 97 35 40 10 47 40 9 -- -- 1 -- -- 0 155 180 19

Obscenit

/Other Sex Offense

23 18 324 29 18 38 22 12 39 18 13 87 17 16 56 27 27 47 28 25 57

Prison Offenses 12 9 479 8 6 15 4 2 9 6 4 100 11 8 104 13 12 84 18 15 167

Robbery 107 96 1,421 84 72 352 97 84 169 105 90 278 113 108 197 120 103 134 133 120 291

Sexual Abuse 208 180 1,492 199 180 999 200 180 151 212 180 139 211 204 73 268 262 79 284 240 51

Stalking/Harassing 30 24 232 26 20 104 28 21 38 24 15 29 26 24 18 31 21 14 51 51 29

Tax 21 14 302 20 13 248 24 15 30 22 20 13 29 30 3 -- -- 2 30 24 6

Other 8 2 223 7 1 150 6 2 17 7 5 31 5 5 12 15 12 5 30 21 8

Of the 64,142 cases, 4,738 with zero months of prison ordered were excluded. In addition, 589 cases were excluded due to one or both of the following reasons: missing Criminal History Category (305) or missing or

indeterminable sentencing information (336). Sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months. The information in this table does not include conditions of

confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22

IV V

Median Median Median Median Median Median

Median

CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGOR

LENGTH OF IMPRISONMENT BY CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGORY AND TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

Table 28

TOTAL I II III

82 | 2022 Sourcebook

SENTENCES UNDER THE GUIDELINES

MANUAL AND VARIANCES

TOTAL CASES 63,896 100.0

SENTENCES UNDER THE GUIDELINES MANUAL 43,351 67.8

Within Guideline Range 26,785 41.9

Upward Departure

361 0.6

Downward Departure

§5K1.1 Substantial Assistance 6,626 10.4

§5K3.1 Early Disposition Program 6,623 10.4

Other Government Motion

1,452 2.3

Non-Government Departure

1,504 2.4

VARIANCES 20,545 32.2

Upward Variance

1,477 2.3

Downward Variance

Government Motion

6,138 9.6

Non-Government Variance

12,930 20.2

Of the 64,142 cases, 246 were excluded because information was missing from the submitted documents that prevented

the comparison of the sentence and the guideline range. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

Cases in which the sentence imposed was above the applicable guideline range and for which the court cited a reason on Part V of the

Statement of Reasons form, other than §5K1.1 or §5K3.1.

Cases in which the sentence imposed was below the applicable guideline range and for which the court cited a reason on Part V of the

Statement of Reasons form, other than §5K1.1 or §5K3.1, and where the prosecution initiated, proposed, or stipulated to the sentence.

Cases in which the sentence imposed was below the applicable guideline range and for which the court cited a reason on Part V of the

Statement of Reasons form, other than §5K1.1 or §5K3.1, and where the prosecution did not initiate, propose, or stipulate to the sentence.

Cases in which the sentence imposed was above the applicable guideline range and for which the court cited a reason on Part VI of the

Statement of Reasons form.

Cases in which the sentence imposed was below the applicable guideline range and for which the court cited a reason on Part VI of the

Statement of Reasons form, and where the prosecution initiated, proposed, or stipulated to the sentence.

Cases in which the sentence imposed was below the applicable guideline range and for which the court cited a reason on Part VI of the

Statement of Reasons form, or where no reason was given, and where the prosecution did not initiate, propose, or stipulate to the sentence.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 29

Fiscal Year 2022

SENTENCE IMPOSED RELATIVE TO THE GUIDELINE RANGE

84 | 2022 Sourcebook

79.9

74.6

75.0

74.5

74.0

75.0 75.0

73.7

69.0

67.8

20.1

25.4

25.0

25.5

26.0

25.0 25.0

26.3

31.0

32.2

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Percent

Figure 8

SENTENCES UNDER THE GUIDELINES MANUAL AND VARIANCES OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual Variances

Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 85

51.2

46.0

47.3

48.6

49.1

51.0

51.4

50.4

42.8

41.9

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.5

0.6

12.1

12.8

12.4

11.1

10.8

10.1

9.6

8.2

9.6

10.4

5.3

5.8

5.4

5.3

4.6

4.3

4.2

3.9

4.8

4.6

20.1

25.4

25.0

25.5

26.0

25.0 25.0

26.3

31.0

32.2

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Percent

Figure 9

SENTENCE IMPOSED RELATIVE TO THE GUIDELINE RANGE OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

Within Range Upward Departure §5K1.1 Substantial Assistance

§5K3.1 Early Disposition Program Other Downward Departure Variance

Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

86 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT

Distric

TOTAL

% N %

TOTAL 63,896 26,785 41.9 361 0.6 6,626 10.4 6,623 10.4 2,956 4.6 20,545 32.2

D.C. CIRCUIT 311 166 53.4 1 0.3 37 11.9 2 0.6 12 3.9 93 29.9

District of Columbia 311 166 53.4 1 0.3 37 11.9 2 0.6 12 3.9 93 29.9

FIRST CIRCUIT 1,750 546 31.2 4 0.2 185 10.6 0 0.0 102 5.8 913 52.2

Maine 180 33 18.3 1 0.6 44 24.4 0 0.0 4 2.2 98 54.4

Massachusetts 466 120 25.8 1 0.2 64 13.7 0 0.0 37 7.9 244 52.4

New Hampshire 180 37 20.6 0 0.0 15 8.3 0 0.0 8 4.4 120 66.7

Puerto Rico 815 337 41.3 2 0.2 52 6.4 0 0.0 51 6.3 373 45.8

Rhode Island 109 19 17.4 0 0.0 10 9.2 0 0.0 2 1.8 78 71.6

SECOND CIRCUIT 3,267 847 25.9 22 0.7 451 13.8 2 0.1 144 4.4 1,801 55.1

Connecticut 335 97 29.0 0 0.0 36 10.7 0 0.0 43 12.8 159 47.5

New York

Eastern 691 151 21.9 4 0.6 132 19.1 1 0.1 57 8.2 346 50.1

Northern 399 197 49.4 4 1.0 88 22.1 1 0.3 11 2.8 98 24.6

Southern 1,297 248 19.1 1 0.1 115 8.9 0 0.0 28 2.2 905 69.8

Western 410 131 32.0 13 3.2 58 14.1 0 0.0 2 0.5 206 50.2

Vermont 135 23 17.0 0 0.0 22 16.3 0 0.0 3 2.2 87 64.4

THIRD CIRCUIT 2,349 918 39.1 10 0.4 415 17.7 5 0.2 59 2.5 942 40.1

Delaware 81 34 42.0 1 1.2 6 7.4 2 2.5 6 7.4 32 39.5

New Jersey 639 237 37.1 0 0.0 120 18.8 0 0.0 4 0.6 278 43.5

Pennsylvania

Eastern 501 145 28.9 1 0.2 131 26.1 0 0.0 16 3.2 208 41.5

Middle 438 207 47.3 3 0.7 78 17.8 3 0.7 22 5.0 125 28.5

Western 634 252 39.7 5 0.8 77 12.1 0 0.0 11 1.7 289 45.6

Virgin Islands 56 43 76.8 0 0.0 3 5.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 10 17.9

FOURTH CIRCUIT 4,631 2,131 46.0 33 0.7 704 15.2 2 0.0 128 2.8 1,633 35.3

Maryland 560 147 26.3 6 1.1 107 19.1 0 0.0 29 5.2 271 48.4

North Carolina

Eastern 734 378 51.5 5 0.7 179 24.4 0 0.0 10 1.4 162 22.1

Middle 403 206 51.1 3 0.7 34 8.4 0 0.0 4 1.0 156 38.7

Western 551 293 53.2 0 0.0 74 13.4 0 0.0 4 0.7 180 32.7

South Carolina 601 208 34.6 5 0.8 164 27.3 0 0.0 21 3.5 203 33.8

Virginia

Eastern 911 486 53.3 8 0.9 50 5.5 0 0.0 45 4.9 322 35.3

Western 279 97 34.8 4 1.4 47 16.8 0 0.0 14 5.0 117 41.9

West Virginia

Northern 323 190 58.8 0 0.0 29 9.0 2 0.6 1 0.3 101 31.3

Southern 269 126 46.8 2 0.7 20 7.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 121 45.0

DOWNWARD

RANGE VARIANCE

GUIDELINE

UPWARD

Table 30

SENTENCE IMPOSED RELATIVE TO THE GUIDELINE RANGE

IN EACH CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT

Fiscal Year 2022

WITHIN

§5K1.1

DEPARTURE

§5K3.1

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 87

CIRCUIT

Distric

TOTAL

% N %

FIFTH CIRCUIT 16,805 10,277 61.2 49 0.3 1,070 6.4 1,204 7.2 913 5.4 3,292 19.6

Louisiana

Eastern 298 173 58.1 1 0.3 32 10.7 0 0.0 4 1.3 88 29.5

Middle 103 54 52.4 1 1.0 15 14.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 33 32.0

Western 306 194 63.4 4 1.3 45 14.7 0 0.0 5 1.6 58 19.0

Mississippi

Northern 130 56 43.1 0 0.0 29 22.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 45 34.6

Southern 323 223 69.0 0 0.0 29 9.0 1 0.3 1 0.3 69 21.4

Texas

Eastern 672 369 54.9 2 0.3 53 7.9 0 0.0 5 0.7 243 36.2

Northern 1,650 1,008 61.1 11 0.7 154 9.3 0 0.0 25 1.5 452 27.4

Southern 7,267 3,501 48.2 24 0.3 483 6.6 1,132 15.6 729 10.0 1,398 19.2

Western 6,056 4,699 77.6 6 0.1 230 3.8 71 1.2 144 2.4 906 15.0

SIXTH CIRCUIT 4,933 1,889 38.3 21 0.4 935 19.0 8 0.2 180 3.6 1,900 38.5

Kentucky

Eastern 497 246 49.5 1 0.2 80 16.1 0 0.0 3 0.6 167 33.6

Western 263 77 29.3 2 0.8 78 29.7 6 2.3 18 6.8 82 31.2

Michigan

Eastern 716 228 31.8 0 0.0 86 12.0 0 0.0 19 2.7 383 53.5

Western 265 131 49.4 5 1.9 47 17.7 1 0.4 9 3.4 72 27.2

Ohio

Northern 1,140 482 42.3 8 0.7 222 19.5 0 0.0 22 1.9 406 35.6

Southern 582 140 24.1 3 0.5 143 24.6 0 0.0 89 15.3 207 35.6

Tennessee

Eastern 753 344 45.7 2 0.3 187 24.8 1 0.1 13 1.7 206 27.4

Middle 285 60 21.1 0 0.0 25 8.8 0 0.0 4 1.4 196 68.8

Western 432 181 41.9 0 0.0 67 15.5 0 0.0 3 0.7 181 41.9

SEVENTH CIRCUIT 2,479 929 37.5 7 0.3 237 9.6 1 0.0 117 4.7 1,188 47.9

Illinois

Central 278 104 37.4 1 0.4 43 15.5 1 0.4 3 1.1 126 45.3

Northern 619 181 29.2 3 0.5 48 7.8 0 0.0 32 5.2 355 57.4

Southern 261 149 57.1 2 0.8 38 14.6 0 0.0 5 1.9 67 25.7

Indiana

Northern 327 163 49.8 0 0.0 31 9.5 0 0.0 10 3.1 123 37.6

Southern 515 226 43.9 0 0.0 48 9.3 0 0.0 2 0.4 239 46.4

Wisconsin

Eastern 336 70 20.8 0 0.0 23 6.8 0 0.0 11 3.3 232 69.0

Western 143 36 25.2 1 0.7 6 4.2 0 0.0 54 37.8 46 32.2

EIGHTH CIRCUIT 5,094 2,181 42.8 45 0.9 586 11.5 15 0.3 80 1.6 2,187 42.9

Arkansas

Eastern 553 313 56.6 0 0.0 48 8.7 0 0.0 4 0.7 188 34.0

Western 219 78 35.6 0 0.0 24 11.0 0 0.0 1 0.5 116 53.0

Iowa

Northern 333 163 48.9 14 4.2 53 15.9 0 0.0 6 1.8 97 29.1

Southern 454 163 35.9 4 0.9 56 12.3 0 0.0 2 0.4 229 50.4

Minnesota 323 99 30.7 3 0.9 39 12.1 2 0.6 11 3.4 169 52.3

Missouri

Eastern 1,031 422 40.9 4 0.4 91 8.8 0 0.0 3 0.3 511 49.6

Western 808 296 36.6 0 0.0 112 13.9 0 0.0 11 1.4 389 48.1

Nebraska

471 231 49.0 0 0.0 24 5.1 12 2.5 8 1.7 196 41.6

North Dakota 344 110 32.0 5 1.5 137 39.8 1 0.3 2 0.6 89 25.9

South Dakota 558 306 54.8 15 2.7 2 0.4 0 0.0 32 5.7 203 36.4

GUIDELINE DEPARTURE

DOWNWARD

RANGE VARIANCE

WITHIN

Table 30 (cont.)

§5K1.1UPWARD §5K3.1

88 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT

District

TOTAL

N % N % N % N % N % N %

NINTH CIRCUIT 12,114 2,673 22.1 103 0.9 903 7.5 4,782 39.5 589 4.9 3,064 25.3

Alaska 139 38 27.3 0 0.0 27 19.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 74 53.2

Arizona 4,419 1,154 26.1 18 0.4 71 1.6 2,646 59.9 54 1.2 476 10.8

California

Central 1,125 271 24.1 7 0.6 151 13.4 25 2.2 89 7.9 582 51.7

Eastern 364 129 35.4 1 0.3 59 16.2 8 2.2 8 2.2 159 43.7

Northern 377 61 16.2 1 0.3 32 8.5 2 0.5 19 5.0 262 69.5

Southern 3,471 411 11.8 68 2.0 172 5.0 2,069 59.6 385 11.1 366 10.5

Guam 26 15 57.7 1 3.8 7 26.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 11.5

Hawaii 140 39 27.9 0 0.0 42 30.0 0 0.0 1 0.7 58 41.4

Idaho 337 103 30.6 0 0.0 90 26.7 6 1.8 10 3.0 128 38.0

Montana 348 104 29.9 3 0.9 100 28.7 0 0.0 6 1.7 135 38.8

Nevada 387 93 24.0 0 0.0 17 4.4 25 6.5 5 1.3 247 63.8

Northern Mariana Islands 17 9 52.9 0 0.0 6 35.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 11.8

Oregon 378 59 15.6 2 0.5 79 20.9 0 0.0 8 2.1 230 60.8

Washington

Eastern 213 64 30.0 1 0.5 42 19.7 1 0.5 3 1.4 102 47.9

Western 373 123 33.0 1 0.3 8 2.1 0 0.0 1 0.3 240 64.3

TENTH CIRCUIT 4,736 1,629 34.4 49 1.0 399 8.4 597 12.6 502 10.6 1,560 32.9

Colorado 387 129 33.3 0 0.0 88 22.7 9 2.3 11 2.8 150 38.8

Kansas 363 152 41.9 1 0.3 59 16.3 3 0.8 6 1.7 142 39.1

New Mexico 2,073 753 36.3 9 0.4 53 2.6 514 24.8 295 14.2 449 21.7

Oklahoma

Eastern 179 81 45.3 0 0.0 44 24.6 0 0.0 8 4.5 46 25.7

Northern 433 174 40.2 33 7.6 50 11.5 0 0.0 126 29.1 50 11.5

Western 421 200 47.5 3 0.7 27 6.4 0 0.0 5 1.2 186 44.2

Utah 734 114 15.5 0 0.0 50 6.8 68 9.3 45 6.1 457 62.3

Wyoming 146 26 17.8 3 2.1 28 19.2 3 2.1 6 4.1 80 54.8

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 5,427 2,599 47.9 17 0.3 704 13.0 5 0.1 130 2.4 1,972 36.3

Alabama

Middle 164 64 39.0 0 0.0 44 26.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 56 34.1

Northern 442 243 55.0 2 0.5 86 19.5 0 0.0 8 1.8 103 23.3

Southern 308 139 45.1 2 0.6 67 21.8 2 0.6 8 2.6 90 29.2

Florida

Middle 1,017 417 41.0 2 0.2 169 16.6 0 0.0 13 1.3 416 40.9

Northern 263 99 37.6 2 0.8 70 26.6 2 0.8 2 0.8 88 33.5

Southern 1,680 862 51.3 0 0.0 99 5.9 0 0.0 27 1.6 692 41.2

Georgia

Middle 447 263 58.8 3 0.7 40 8.9 0 0.0 46 10.3 95 21.3

Northern 606 198 32.7 1 0.2 53 8.7 1 0.2 15 2.5 338 55.8

Southern 500 314 62.8 5 1.0 76 15.2 0 0.0 11 2.2 94 18.8

Of the 64,142 cases, 246 were excluded because information was missing from the submitted documents that prevented the comparison of the sentence and the guideline

range. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

RANGE VARIANCE

GUIDELINE

§5K1.1 §5K3.1

DOWNWARD

WITHIN

Table 30 (cont.)

DEPARTURE

UPWARD

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 89

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL

N % N % N % N % N % N %

TOTAL 63,896 26,785 41.9 361 0.6 6,626 10.4 6,623 10.4 2,956 4.6 20,545 32.2

Administration of Justice 651 315 48.4 10 1.5 29 4.5 6 0.9 32 4.9 259 39.8

Antitrust 8 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 37.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 62.5

Arson 106 44 41.5 2 1.9 15 14.2 0 0.0 6 5.7 39 36.8

Assault 837 388 46.4 25 3.0 33 3.9 3 0.4 76 9.1 312 37.3

Bribery/Corruption 360 64 17.8 0 0.0 106 29.4 0 0.0 16 4.4 174 48.3

Burglary/Trespass 111 79 71.2 5 4.5 5 4.5 0 0.0 6 5.4 16 14.4

Child Pornography 1,435 489 34.1 10 0.7 28 2.0 3 0.2 68 4.7 837 58.3

Commercialized Vice 73 30 41.1 7 9.6 9 12.3 0 0.0 6 8.2 21 28.8

Drug Possession 265 232 87.5 1 0.4 1 0.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 31 11.7

Drug Trafficking 19,923 5,468 27.4 68 0.3 4,104 20.6 1,638 8.2 973 4.9 7,672 38.5

Environmental 145 70 48.3 0 0.0 17 11.7 1 0.7 5 3.4 52 35.9

Extortion/Racketeering 115 37 32.2 0 0.0 14 12.2 1 0.9 10 8.7 53 46.1

Firearms 9,310 4,753 51.1 73 0.8 482 5.2 9 0.1 350 3.8 3,643 39.1

Food and Drug 38 23 60.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.6 14 36.8

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 111 52 46.8 1 0.9 12 10.8 0 0.0 4 3.6 42 37.8

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 5,488 2,303 42.0 63 1.1 714 13.0 9 0.2 179 3.3 2,220 40.5

Immigration 17,597 9,334 53.0 23 0.1 204 1.2 4,933 28.0 887 5.0 2,216 12.6

Individual Rights 91 38 41.8 0 0.0 15 16.5 0 0.0 5 5.5 33 36.3

Kidnapping 128 43 33.6 0 0.0 24 18.8 0 0.0 7 5.5 54 42.2

Manslaughter 80 33 41.3 10 12.5 1 1.3 0 0.0 4 5.0 32 40.0

Money Laundering 1,191 310 26.0 12 1.0 315 26.4 11 0.9 58 4.9 485 40.7

Murder 410 133 32.4 10 2.4 113 27.6 0 0.0 18 4.4 136 33.2

National Defense 177 71 40.1 0 0.0 27 15.3 4 2.3 16 9.0 59 33.3

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 343 165 48.1 4 1.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 12 3.5 162 47.2

Prison Offenses 498 322 64.7 3 0.6 6 1.2 3 0.6 25 5.0 139 27.9

Robbery 1,444 542 37.5 8 0.6 181 12.5 0 0.0 75 5.2 638 44.2

Sexual Abuse 1,499 610 40.7 16 1.1 85 5.7 0 0.0 75 5.0 713 47.6

Stalking/Harassing 263 112 42.6 4 1.5 2 0.8 1 0.4 19 7.2 125 47.5

Tax 496 105 21.2 6 1.2 78 15.7 1 0.2 18 3.6 288 58.1

Other 703 620 88.2 0 0.0 3 0.4 0 0.0 5 0.7 75 10.7

Of the 64,142 cases, 246 were excluded because information was missing from the submitted documents that prevented the comparison of the sentence and the guideline

range. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

GUIDELINE

RANGE §5K1.1

WITHIN

DOWNWARD

DEPARTURE

Table 31

SENTENCE IMPOSED RELATIVE TO THE GUIDELINE RANGE

BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

VARIANCE§5K3.1UPWARD

90 | 2022 Sourcebook

Within Within

Guideline Guideline

Guideline Total Range Up §5K1.1 §5K3.1 Down Guideline Total Range Up §5K1.1 §5K3.1 Down

§2A1.1 286 84 1 91 0 14 96 §2D1.8 22 5030113

§2A1.2 80 38840426§2D1.9 0 000000

§2A1.3 40 17600116§2D1.10 1 001000

§2A1.4 39 16310316§2D1.11 1 000001

§2A1.5 27 8080011§2D1.12 3 100002

§2A2.1 182 63 2 23 0 7 87 §2D1.13 0 000000

§2A2.2 524 232 22 9 3 61 197 §2D1.14 0 000000

§2A2.3 68 53100311§2D2.1 129 105110022

§2A2.4 247 134 1 1 2 23 86 §2D2.2 51 4103016

§2A3.1 139 61 1 0 0 19 58 §2D2.3 1 000001

§2A3.2 45 30200211§2D3.1 1 100000

§2A3.3 6 210003§2D3.2 0 000000

§2A3.4 48 29100216§2D3.3 0 000000

§2A3.5 307 157 3 0 0 12 135 §2D3.4 0 000000

§2A4.1 120 39 0 23 0 6 52 §2D3.5 0 000000

§2A4.2 2 200000§2E1.1 48 16090617

§2A5.1 0 000000§2E1.2 2 200000

§2A5.2 27 14000112§2E1.3 0 000000

§2A5.3 0 000000§2E1.4 9 400005

§2A6.1 183 79 3 1 0 10 90 §2E1.5 0 000000

§2A6.2 78 31111935§2E2.1 4 000022

§2B1.1 5,206 2,086 61 703 7 174 2,175 §2E3.1 39 15430611

§2B1.2 0 000000§2E3.2 0 000000

§2B1.3 0 000000§2E3.3 0 000000

§2B1.4 17 1010114§2E4.1 12 102009

§2B1.5 7

100015§2E5.1 1 000001

§2B1.6

90 8109000§2E5.2 0 000000

§2B2.1 69 39550614§2E5.3 0 000000

§2B2.2 0 000000§2E5.4 0 000000

§2B2.3 39 3900000§2E5.5 0 000000

§2B3.1 1,424 536 8 179 0 75 626 §2E5.6 0 000000

§2B3.2 23 6031112§2F1.1 0 000000

§2B3.3 5 100004§2F1.2 0 000000

§2B4.1 119 15 0 56 0 4 44 §2G1.1 68 26 4 11 0 5 22

§2B5.1 86 49150427§2G1.2 0 000000

§2B5.2 0 000000§2G1.3 475 212 7 42 0 18 196

§2B5.3 24 3070014§2G2.1 746 265 3 38 0 28 412

§2B5.4 0 000000§2G2.2 1,432 489 10 28 3 68 834

§2B6.1 3 101001§2G2.3 0 000000

§2C1.1 213 41 0 45 0 12 115 §2G2.4 0 000000

§2C1.2 15 204009§2G2.5 0 000000

§2C1.3 4 300001§2G2.6 1 000001

§2C1.4 0 000000§2G3.1 33 8100024

§2C1.5 0 000000§2G3.2 0 000000

§2C1.6 0 000000§2H1.1 63 20 0 12 0 4 27

§2C1.7 0 000000§2H1.2 0 000000

§2C1.8 7 201004§2H1.3 0 000000

§2D1.1 19,603 5,337 66 4,072 1,634 938 7,556 §2H1.4 0 000000

§2D1.2 208 102 2 18 0 26 60 §2H1.5 0 000000

§2D1.3 0 000000§2H2.1 3 200001

§2D1.4 0 000000§2H3.1 4 202000

§2D1.5 8

104021§2H3.2 0 000000

§2D1.6 0 000000§2H3.3 11 1000001

§2D1.7 0 000000§2H4.1 9 401013

Departure

SENTENCE IMPOSED RELATIVE TO THE GUIDELINE RANGE BY PRIMARY SENTENCING GUIDELIN

Table 32

Variance Variance

Fiscal Year 2022

Departure

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 91

Within Within

Guideline Guideline

Guideline Total Range Up §5K1.1 §5K3.1 Down Guideline Total Range Up §5K1.1 §5K3.1 Down

§2H4.2 0 000000§2M5.2 118 38 0 14 4 14 48

§2J1.1 0 000000§2M5.3 19 805015

§2J1.2 111 39370458§2M6.1 0 000000

§2J1.3 13 601006§2M6.2 0 000000

§2J1.4 8 700001§2N1.1 14 2000012

§2J1.5 0 000000§2N1.2 0 000000

§2J1.6 27 15000111§2N1.3 1 000001

§2J1.7 0 000000§2N2.1 21 1900011

§2J1.8 0 000000§2N3.1 0 000000

§2J1.9 0 000000§2P1.1 280 186220585

§2K1.1 1 100000§2P1.2 143 95140835

§2K1.2 0 000000§2P1.3 2 100001

§2K1.3 6 301002§2P1.4 0 000000

§2K1.4 103 44 2 14 0 5 38 §2Q1.1 2 000002

§2K1.5 0 000000§2Q1.2 48 23 0 10 0 3 12

§2K1.6 0 000000§2Q1.3 13 401017

§2K1.7 0 000000§2Q1.4 1 000001

§2K2.1 8,872 4,436 65 454 9 343 3,565 §2Q1.5 0 000000

§2K2.2 0 000000§2Q1.6 0 000000

§2K2.3 0 000000§2Q2.1 69 35061126

§2K2.4

361 284 6 25 0 1 45 §2Q2.2 0 000000

§2K2.5 12 720003§2R1.1 8 003005

§2K2.6 1 100000§2S1.1 1,001 226 1 299 7 46 422

§2K3.1 0 000000§2S1.2 0 000000

§2K3.2 0 000000§2S1.3 185 81 11 16 4 11 62

§2L1.1 4,052 1,559 1 126 1,634 106 626 §2S1.4 0 000000

§2L1.2 11,963 6,631 22 34 3,123 747 1,406 §2T1.1 262 54 0 46 0 10 152

§2L1.3 0 000000§2T1.2 0 000000

§2L2.1 84 22 0 41 0 0 21 §2T1.3 1 100000

§2L2.2 660 546 0 2 6 23 83 §2T1.4 139 26 0 30 0 3 80

§2L2.3 0 000000§2T1.5 0 000000

§2L2.4 0 000000§2T1.6 69 12020451

§2L2.5 0 000000§2T1.7 0 000000

§2M1.1 0 000000§2T1.8 0 000000

§2M2.1 0 000000§2T1.9 7 210004

§2M2.2 0 000000§2T2.1 1 100000

§2M2.3 0 000000§2T2.2 1 100000

§2M2.4 0 000000§2T3.1 14 750101

§2M3.1 0 000000§2T3.2 0 000000

§2M3.2 0 000000§2T4.1 0 000000

§2M3.3 0 000000§2X1.1 15 2000112

§2M3.4 0 000000§2X2.1 0 000000

§2M3.5 0 000000§2X3.1 97 27 2 22 0 2 44

§2M3.6 0 000000§2X4.1 213 99 5 17 4 4 84

§2M3.7 0 000000§2X5.1 0 000000

§2M3.8 0

000000§2X5.2 214 178000036

§2M3.9 0 000000§2X6.1 0 000000

§2M4.1 0 000000§2X7.1 0 000000

§2M5.1 17 507014§2X7.2 0 000000

TOTAL 62,036 25,398 358 6,620 6,444 2,907 20,309

Of the 64,142 cases, 2,106 were excluded due to one or both of the following reasons: information was missing from the submitted documents that prevented the

comparison of the sentence and the guideline range (246) or missing guideline applied (2,068). Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

In these cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 1028A (Aggravated Identity Theft) as the only count or counts of conviction. The Guidelines

Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2B1.6.

In these cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition, or Explosives During or in Relation to

Certain Crimes) as the only count or counts of conviction. The Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Variance Variance

Departure Departure

Table 32 (cont.)

92 | 2022 Sourcebook

TOTAL

CASES N % N % N % N % N %

TOTAL 37,111 6,643 17.9 6,725 18.1 5,958 16.1 8,328 22.4 521 1.4

Departures 16,566 6,626 40.0 6,716 40.5 3,822 23.1 6,378 38.5 334 2.0

Upward Departure

361

0 0.0 0 0.0 98 27.1 84 23.3 0 0.0

Downward Departure

§5K1.1 Substantial Assistance

6,626

6,626 100.0 93 1.4 225 3.4 1,747 26.4 36 0.5

§5K3.1 Early Disposition Program

6,623

0 0.0 6,623 100.0 2,850 43.0 4,014 60.6 285 4.3

Other Government Motion

1,452

0 0.0 0 0.0 649 44.7 533 36.7 13 0.9

Non-Government Departure

1,504

0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Variances 20,545 17 0.1 9 0.0 2,136 10.4 1,950 9.5 187 0.9

Upward Variance

1,477

17 1.2 9 0.6 225 15.2 137 9.3 1 0.1

Downward Variance

Government Motion

6,138

0 0.0 0 0.0 1,911 31.1 1,813 29.5 186 3.0

Non-Government Variance

12,930

0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Pursuant to a Plea A

reement

Substantial Early

ATTRIBUTION CATEGORY FOR SENTENCES OUTSIDE OF THE GUIDELINE RANGE

Table 33

Plea with

Plea States Gov't Departure CourtBinding Plea

Fiscal Year 2022

Assistance

§5K1.1

Will Not OpposeDisposition

Accepted by Court Finds Reasonable

§5K3.1

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 93

N % N % N % N % N % N %

TOTAL 5,805 15.6 6,297 17.0 7,456 20.1 2,051 5.5 4,952 13.3 2,427 6.5

Departures 4,905 29.6 2,584 15.6 1,623 9.8 869 5.2 1,276 7.7 251 1.5

Upward Departure

86 23.8 0 0.0 7 1.9 14 3.9 70 19.4 38 10.5

Downward Departure

§5K1.1 Substantial Assistance

4,259 64.3 842 12.7 705 10.6 433 6.5 630 9.5 0 0.0

§5K3.1 Early Disposition Program

368 5.6 813 12.3 551 8.3 268 4.0 176 2.7 0 0.0

Other Government Motion

192 13.2 102 7.0 73 5.0 154 10.6 91 6.3 46 3.2

Non-Government Departure

0 0.0 827 55.0 287 19.1 0 0.0 309 20.5 167 11.1

Variances 900 4.4 3,713 18.1 5,833 28.4 1,182 5.8 3,676 17.9 2,176 10.6

Upward Variance

272 18.4 7 0.5 12 0.8 27 1.8 623 42.2 226 15.3

Downward Variance

Government Motion

628 10.2 584 9.5 273 4.4 1,155 18.8 279 4.5 219 3.6

Non-Government Variance

0 0.0 3,122 24.1 5,548 42.9 0 0.0 2,774 21.5 1,731 13.4

Multiple attributions may be made on the Statement of Reasons (SOR). Therefore, the numbers reported in this table may exceed the number of total cases. For example, among SORs with an attribution, 14,982 cases

indicated more than one attribution. Only offenders whose sentence is outside the guideline range are included in this table. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

For cases in which the court submitted a SOR form with a revision date of 11/15 or later, information for these categories was taken from Part V.C. of the SOR. For cases in which the court submitted the prior

version of the SOR form, the information was taken from Part V.B. of the SOR form.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Pursuant to a Motion Not in a Plea A

reement

Available

Other

Government

NoOther than

by Parties

Information

Table 33 (cont.)

Defense

Motion

Defense

Joint a Plea/Motion Motion/Gov'tMotion/Gov't

Motion Did Not Object Did Object

94 | 2022 Sourcebook

TYPE OF CRIME TOTAL

N % N % N % N % N %

TOTAL 23,836 10,290 43.2 4,793 20.1 2,602 10.9 2,879 12.1 3,272 13.7

Administration of Justice 280 133 47.5 65 23.2 23 8.2 27 9.6 32 11.4

Antitrust 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Arson 26 13 50.0 4 15.4 3 11.5 1 3.8 5 19.2

Assault 341 145 42.5 73 21.4 26 7.6 34 10.0 63 18.5

Bribery/Corruption 56 35 62.5 10 17.9 3 5.4 4 7.1 4 7.1

Burglary/Trespass 77 24 31.2 25 32.5 11 14.3 7 9.1 10 13.0

Child Pornography 363 175 48.2 71 19.6 22 6.1 47 12.9 48 13.2

Commercialized Vice 29 6 20.7 3 10.3 7 24.1 3 10.3 10 34.5

Drug Possession 217 148 68.2 54 24.9 3 1.4 6 2.8 6 2.8

Drug Trafficking 4,690 2,891 61.6 708 15.1 313 6.7 326 7.0 452 9.6

Environmental 68 54 79.4 12 17.6 1 1.5 0 0.0 1 1.5

Extortion/Racketeering 29 14 48.3 5 17.2 4 13.8 3 10.3 3 10.3

Firearms 4,276 1,876 43.9 661 15.5 549 12.8 407 9.5 783 18.3

Food and Drug 22 13 59.1 6 27.3 0 0.0 1 4.5 2 9.1

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 46 21 45.7 4 8.7 5 10.9 7 15.2 9 19.6

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 2,095 1,078 51.5 418 20.0 165 7.9 152 7.3 282 13.5

Immigration 8,631 2,277 26.4 2,171 25.2 1,280 14.8 1,652 19.1 1,251 14.5

Individual Rights 35 24 68.6 3 8.6 1 2.9 5 14.3 2 5.7

Kidnapping 23 10 43.5 4 17.4 2 8.7 3 13.0 4 17.4

Manslaughter 33 14 42.4 2 6.1 3 9.1 3 9.1 11 33.3

Money Laundering

272 154 56.6 48 17.6 20 7.4 23 8.5 27 9.9

Murder

39 9 23.1 12 30.8 1 2.6 10 25.6 7 17.9

National Defense

61 43 70.5 9 14.8 3 4.9 4 6.6 2 3.3

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses

160 65 40.6 22 13.8 28 17.5 13 8.1 32 20.0

Prison Offenses

304 132 43.4 79 26.0 36 11.8 20 6.6 37 12.2

Robbery

526 245 46.6 99 18.8 43 8.2 63 12.0 76 14.4

Sexual Abuse

388 165 42.5 88 22.7 29 7.5 35 9.0 71 18.3

Stalking/Harassing 99 40 40.4 16 16.2 8 8.1 10 10.1 25 25.3

Tax 96 67 69.8 14 14.6 3 3.1 5 5.2 7 7.3

Other 554 419 75.6 107 19.3 10 1.8 8 1.4 10 1.8

Of the 64,142 cases, 26,785 offenders were sentenced within the applicable guideline range. An additional 2,949 cases were excluded due to several logical criteria.

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Minimum

Upper Half

of Range of Range of Range

Guideline

Maximum

Fiscal Year 2022

Guideline Lower Half Midpoint

POSITION OF WITHIN GUIDELINE RANGE SENTENCES

Table 34

BY TYPE OF CRIME

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 95

TYPE OF CRIME N

TOTAL 357 86 29 99.3 70 17 50.0

Administration of Justice 10 25 9 78.4 13 6 66.7

Antitrust 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Arson 2 -- -- -- -- -- --

Assault 25 98 35 55.1 78 23 51.9

Bribery/Corruption 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Burglary/Trespass 5 102 54 94.2 72 21 41.2

Child Pornography 10 123 23 25.0 102 21 28.3

Commercialized Vice 7 71 45 161.6 60 27 100.0

Drug Possession 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Drug Trafficking 68 110 44 125.3 99 30 44.3

Environmental 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Extortion/Racketeering 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Firearms 73 85 27 73.9 80 17 33.3

Food and Drug 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 62 34 16 183.3 20 11 121.1

Immigration 23 28 8 45.3 30 8 33.7

Individual Rights 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Kidnapping 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Manslaughter 10 151 45 50.3 161 29 39.5

Money Laundering 11 26 12 90.0 18 7 70.7

Murder 9 319 90 39.9 252 42 28.4

National Defense 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 4 80 42 110.2 78 41 113.3

Prison Offenses 3 28 7 35.4 21 6 39.4

Robbery 8 126 21 24.5 103 21 20.1

Sexual Abuse 15 181 36 43.7 120 33 27.7

Stalking/Harassing 4 65 19 47.0 59 22 48.5

Tax 6 34 16 256.1 28 19 308.3

Other 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Of the 64,142 cases, in 361 the sentence was an upward departure from the guideline range. Due to an inability to calculate the extent of departure for cases with a

sentence of life, one offender was excluded from this table. Also, three offenders were excluded due to several logical criteria. Sentences greater than 470 months

and probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this table includes conditions

of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Fiscal Year 2022

BY TYPE OF CRIME

EXTENT OF UPWARD DEPARTURES

Table 35

In Months

In Months Increase

Mean Median

Sentence PercentIncrease Increase

In Months

In Months Increase

Sentence Percent

96 | 2022 Sourcebook

TYPE OF CRIME N

TOTAL 1,469 82 24 61.9 60 13 34.0

Administration of Justice 18 39 19 86.0 30 11 66.7

Antitrust 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Arson 7 89 27 39.5 76 12 27.5

Assault 45 96 29 46.2 84 21 30.4

Bribery/Corruption 2 -- -- -- -- -- --

Burglary/Trespass 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Child Pornography 41 163 36 35.3 144 30 24.8

Commercialized Vice 2 -- -- -- -- -- --

Drug Possession 8 22 10 101.5 21 9 100.0

Drug Trafficking 235 99 27 80.2 84 18 30.4

Environmental 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Extortion/Racketeering 6 98 11 16.7 54 8 11.6

Firearms 430 81 23 48.0 72 15 33.3

Food and Drug 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 3 66 13 60.4 41 14 13.2

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 150 48 17 83.8 31 9 38.2

Immigration 247 29 11 70.8 20 6 50.0

Individual Rights 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Kidnapping 5 217 37 19.8 180 24 15.9

Manslaughter 20 121 44 72.4 120 27 58.0

Money Laundering 17 62 16 46.2 40 6 33.3

Murder 11 375 116 60.6 420 83 28.8

National Defense 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 23 58 26 94.4 51 21 70.4

Prison Offenses 10 40 15 57.4 34 8 46.4

Robbery 75 178 42 38.2 162 30 25.0

Sexual Abuse 52 185 49 46.0 144 31 27.1

Stalking/Harassing 16 56 21 77.1 52 13 41.9

Tax 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Other 41 12 4 57.3 9 3 33.3

Of the 64,142 cases, in 1,477 the sentence was a variance above the guideline range. Due to an inability to calculate the extent of departure for cases with a sentence

of life, two offenders were excluded from this table. Also, six offenders were excluded due to several logical criteria. Sentences greater than 470 months and probation

were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this table includes conditions of confinement

as described in USSG §5C1.1. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Fiscal Year 2022

Table 36

EXTENT OF UPWARD VARIANCES

BY TYPE OF CRIME

In Months

In Months Increase

Mean Median

In Months

In Months Increase

Increase IncreaseSentence Percent Sentence Percent

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 97

TYPE OF CRIME N

TOTAL 6,495 52 55 55.8 37 38 50.0

Administration of Justice 29 6 21 78.6 0 15 98.7

Antitrust 3 1 6 83.3 0 6 100.0

Arson 15 31 47 62.5 30 42 70.0

Assault 30 74 98 51.3 49 58 48.1

Bribery/Corruption 106 11 20 69.9 8 18 67.1

Burglary/Trespass 5 9 16 66.2 6 17 60.0

Child Pornography 27 84 61 42.1 87 40 30.2

Commercialized Vice 9 9 13 72.2 0 10 99.7

Drug Possession 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Drug Trafficking 4,058 63 63 53.1 54 48 48.6

Environmental 17 3 14 89.0 0 12 100.0

Extortion/Racketeering 14 16 26 73.4 5 23 82.1

Firearms 481 36 32 52.7 27 21 46.6

Food and Drug 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 12 6 19 73.3 1 15 86.8

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 714 17 27 65.1 12 19 64.0

Immigration 204 11 14 59.7 8 11 52.4

Individual Rights 15 17 21 61.4 18 18 59.9

Kidnapping 22 106 122 55.6 108 97 51.8

Manslaughter 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Money Laundering 300 43 65 62.4 27 45 58.6

Murder 68 132 143 50.5 120 144 50.0

National Defense 27 27 62 65.1 18 34 69.6

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Prison Offenses 6 9 16 67.7 11 12 60.9

Robbery 175 70 66 48.3 60 51 42.9

Sexual Abuse 75 101 92 45.5 87 60 38.3

Stalking/Harassing 2 -- -- -- -- -- --

Tax 76 8 19 78.1 0 18 100.0

Other 3 2 8 91.6 0 6 100.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 6,626 the offender received a §5K1.1 substantial assistance departure below the guideline range. Due to an inability to calculate the

extent of departure for cases with a guideline minimum of life, 76 offenders were excluded from this table. Also, 55 offenders were excluded due to several logical

criteria. Sentences greater than 470 months and probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively.

The information in this table includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in

Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

In MonthsIn Months

In Months

Percent

Decrease In Months Decrease

EXTENT OF §5K1.1 SUBSTANTIAL ASSISTANCE DEPARTURES

BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

Mean

Sentence

Table 37

Sentence Decrease Percent

Median

Decrease

98 | 2022 Sourcebook

TYPE OF CRIME N

TOTAL 6,617 15 20 49.9 12 8 47.4

Administration of Justice 6 8 17 74.5 5 20 86.1

Antitrust 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Arson 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Assault 3 36 22 41.6 18 15 45.5

Bribery/Corruption 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Burglary/Trespass 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Child Pornography 3 85 61 36.0 75 31 23.1

Commercialized Vice 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Drug Possession 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Drug Trafficking 1,637 30 56 64.2 26 46 64.3

Environmental 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Extortion/Racketeering 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Firearms 9 26 17 39.9 21 13 41.7

Food and Drug 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 9 8 20 74.6 6 21 71.4

Immigration 4,928 11 8 45.0 8 6 40.0

Individual Rights 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Kidnapping 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Manslaughter 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Money Laundering 11 25 58 66.3 17 26 70.6

Murder 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

National Defense 4 9 20 59.0 8 20 58.0

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Prison Offenses 3 3 3 58.3 1 3 50.0

Robbery 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Sexual Abuse 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Stalking/Harassing 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Tax 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Other 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Of the 64,142 cases, in 6,623 the offender received a §5K3.1 early disposition program departure below the guideline range. Six offenders were excluded due to

several logical criteria. Sentences greater than 470 months and probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months,

respectively. The information in this table includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Descriptions of variables used in this table are

provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Percent

In Months

In Months Decrease Decrease

BY TYPE OF CRIME

EXTENT OF §5K3.1 EARLY DISPOSITION PROGRAM DEPARTURES

Table 38

Mean Median

In Months

Sentence

In Months

Decrease Percent

Fiscal Year 2022

Sentence Decrease

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 99

TYPE OF CRIME N

TOTAL 2,898 40 30 47.1 20 16 43.0

Administration of Justice 32 10 12 60.4 6 9 54.2

Antitrust 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Arson 5 31 54 59.3 26 33 57.1

Assault 76 33 23 50.3 24 15 44.2

Bribery/Corruption 16 7 22 81.2 0 21 99.8

Burglary/Trespass 6 14 12 47.2 16 12 39.8

Child Pornography 64 79 50 40.6 72 37 38.1

Commercialized Vice 6 10 7 45.1 12 5 25.8

Drug Possession 0 -- -- -- -- -- --

Drug Trafficking 957 63 48 46.7 50 35 46.3

Environmental 5 2 19 94.8 0 12 100.0

Extortion/Racketeering 9 17 14 51.0 18 12 41.3

Firearms 346 35 23 46.0 24 15 39.6

Food and Drug 1 -- -- -- -- -- --

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 3 22 9 43.5 30 10 21.7

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 173 18 18 59.7 12 12 55.4

Immigration 887 13 11 44.5 10 8 42.1

Individual Rights 5 5 20 89.0 0 18 100.0

Kidnapping 7 122 63 33.1 144 33 42.4

Manslaughter 4 31 23 47.6 28 18 41.5

Money Laundering 56 49 48 58.5 17 27 50.5

Murder 13 177 94 33.5 170 96 29.8

National Defense 16 34 28 51.7 19 26 56.4

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 12 15 10 42.8 14 7 30.9

Prison Offenses 25 7 6 48.9 6 6 40.0

Robbery 74 75 35 36.0 60 27 31.4

Sexual Abuse 61 135 78 38.7 121 67 33.8

Stalking/Harassing 18 24 12 46.1 18 12 37.6

Tax 18 9 14 62.6 7 12 49.9

Other 3 20 6 68.3 0 4 100.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 2,956 the sentence was a downward departure from the guideline range, either due to a government motion for a departure (1,452) or a

non-government departure (1,504). Due to an inability to calculate the extent of departure for cases with a guideline minimum of life, 28 offenders were excluded

from this table. Also, 30 offenders were excluded due to several logical criteria. Sentences greater than 470 months and probation were included in the sentence

average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this table includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1.

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Fiscal Year 2022

Table 39

EXTENT OF OTHER DOWNWARD DEPARTURES

BY TYPE OF CRIME

Decrease Percent

Median

Sentence

In Months Decrease Decrease

Mean

Sentence

In Months

Decrease

In Months

Percent

In Months

100 | 2022 Sourcebook

TYPE OF CRIME N

TOTAL 18,594 54 29 43.7 33 17 35.1

Administration of Justice 235 7 12 68.7 3 10 85.0

Antitrust 5 7 12 76.7 0 9 100.0

Arson 32 29 20 45.3 24 18 39.8

Assault 252 54 28 42.4 30 17 33.3

Bribery/Corruption 171 20 24 58.7 12 13 59.9

Burglary/Trespass 15 7 7 62.9 9 7 57.1

Child Pornography 765 79 50 40.2 72 42 38.1

Commercialized Vice 19 7 10 76.8 0 9 100.0

Drug Possession 21 10 7 79.1 0 1 97.0

Drug Trafficking 7,337 75 40 38.8 60 27 31.4

Environmental 52 5 13 78.5 0 12 99.9

Extortion/Racketeering 47 31 29 62.0 12 22 66.5

Firearms 3,187 35 19 42.1 27 13 31.4

Food and Drug 13 25 30 52.8 18 27 53.9

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 39 9 14 71.2 2 12 80.0

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 2,048 20 17 58.0 12 12 50.8

Immigration 1,966 13 9 43.9 11 6 34.8

Individual Rights 30 43 27 59.3 18 18 53.1

Kidnapping 38 122 77 41.5 120 60 35.9

Manslaughter 12 46 14 35.2 25 8 20.1

Money Laundering 450 50 38 51.2 29 22 45.1

Murder 75 184 74 29.4 180 54 25.0

National Defense 58 25 31 62.2 11 33 66.1

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 136 13 10 50.3 12 9 42.2

Prison Offenses 128 10 9 49.8 8 6 44.4

Robbery 552 90 31 28.8 85 24 22.8

Sexual Abuse 483 163 69 30.9 168 57 26.7

Stalking/Harassing 109 15 14 55.6 12 11 45.5

Tax 286 10 16 68.2 6 12 67.5

Other 33 4 9 76.4 0 6 99.3

Of the 64,142 cases, in 19,068 the sentence was a variance below the guideline range, either due to a government motion for a variance (6,138) or a non-government

variance (12,930). Due to an inability to calculate the extent of departure for cases with a guideline minimum of life, 195 offenders were excluded from this table.

Also, 279 offenders were excluded due to several logical criteria. Sentences greater than 470 months and probation were included in the sentence average

computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this table includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1.

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Fiscal Year 2022

EXTENT OF DOWNWARD VARIANCES

BY TYPE OF CRIME

Table 40

In Months

In Months Decrease

Mean Median

Percent

In Months

In Months Decrease

Sentence Decrease Percent Sentence Decrease

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 101

REASONS N %

Criminal history issues 150 15.2

Dismissed and uncharged conduct (§5K2.21) 125 12.6

General aggravating circumstances (§5K2.0) 101 10.2

Pursuant to plea agreement 63 6.4

Reflect seriousness of offense/promotes respect for law/just punishment 49 4.9

The history and characteristics of the defendant 49 4.9

Afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct 45 4.5

The nature and circumstance of the offense 38 3.8

Protect public from further crimes 37 3.7

Physical injury (§5K2.2) 22 2.2

Extreme conduct (§5K2.8) 22 2.2

Death (§5K2.1) 21 2.1

Weapons/dangerous instrumentalities (§5K2.6) 15 1.5

Age (§5H1.1) 11 1.1

Drug dependence and alcohol abuse (§5H1.4) 10 1.0

Victim impact 10 1.0

Avoid unwarranted sentencing disparity 10 1.0

Previous employment record (§5H1.5) 9 0.9

Waiver of appeal 9 0.9

Mental and emotional conditions 9 0.9

Family ties and responsibilities (§5H1.6) 8 0.8

Role in the offense 8 0.8

Aberrant behavior (§5K2.20) 7 0.7

Extreme psychological injury (§5K2.3) 6 0.6

Drug quantity 5 0.5

Deterrence 5 0.5

Rehabilitation 5 0.5

ature or seriousness of the offense 5 0.5

Lack of remorse 5 0.5

Physical condition (§5H1.4) 4 0.4

Public welfare (§5K2.14) 4 0.4

Acceptance of responsibility 4 0.4

Waiver of indictment 4 0.4

Lack of youthful guidance/tragic or troubled childhood 4 0.4

Other 111 11.2

TOTAL 990 100.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 361 the sentence was an upward departure. Courts may cite multiple reasons for sentencing outside the guideline

range; consequently, the total number of reasons cited generally exceeds the total number of cases. In this table, 990 reasons were cited

for the 361 cases. The 'Other' category includes all reasons cited fewer than four times among relevant cases and two cases where the

Statement of Reason was received, but there was insufficient documentation provided to determine some of the reasons for the sentence.

Descriptions of the variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 41

REASONS GIVEN BY SENTENCING COURTS FO

UPWARD DEPARTURES FROM THE GUIDELINE RANGE

Fiscal Year 2022

102 | 2022 Sourcebook

REASONS N %

Reflect seriousness of offense/promotes respect for law/just punishment 1,056 15.4

Afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct 854 12.4

Protect public from further crimes 794 11.6

The history and characteristics of the defendant 739 10.8

The nature and circumstance of the offense 729 10.6

Criminal history issues 446 6.5

General aggravating circumstances (§5K2.0) 224 3.3

Dismissed and uncharged conduct (§5K2.21) 162 2.4

Pursuant to plea agreement 131 1.9

Avoid unwarranted sentencing disparity 125 1.8

Role in the offense 115 1.7

Victim impact 113 1.6

Extreme conduct (§5K2.8) 110 1.6

Drug dependence and alcohol abuse (§5H1.4) 77 1.1

Provide correctional treatment 73 1.1

Lack of remorse 63 0.9

Provide educational or vocational training 60 0.9

Mental and emotional conditions 52 0.8

Propensity for violence 46 0.7

Acceptance of responsibility 39 0.6

Conduct while on release, bond, or supervision 38 0.6

Age (§5H1.1) 37 0.5

Lack of youthful guidance/tragic or troubled childhood 29 0.4

Aberrant behavior (§5K2.20) 28 0.4

Family ties and responsibilities (§5H1.6) 25 0.4

Provide medical care 24 0.3

Provide restitution to any victims 23 0.3

Previous employment record (§5H1.5) 22 0.3

Weapons/dangerous instrumentalities (§5K2.6) 19 0.3

General guideline adequacy issues 18 0.3

Physical condition (§5H1.4) 16 0.2

Mens Rea 16 0.2

Defendant absconded/evaded/fled arrest 14 0.2

Time served 14 0.2

Other 534 7.8

TOTAL 6,865 100.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 1,477 the sentence was a variance above the guideline range. Courts may cite multiple reasons for sentencing

outside the guideline range; consequently, the total number of reasons cited generally exceeds the total number of cases. In this table,

6,865 reasons were cited for the 1,477 cases. The 'Other' category includes all reasons cited fewer than 14 times among

relevant cases and 77 cases where the Statement of Reason was received, but there was insufficient documentation provided to

determine some of the reasons for the sentence. Descriptions of the variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 42

REASONS GIVEN BY SENTENCING COURTS FO

UPWARD VARIANCES FROM THE GUIDELINE RANGE

Fiscal Year 2022

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 103

REASONS N %

Early disposition program (EDP) (§5K3.1) 6,716 13.6

Substantial assistance with government motion (§5K1.1) 6,626 13.4

The history and characteristics of the defendant 3,738 7.6

Family ties and responsibilities (§5H1.6) 2,019 4.1

Criminal history issues 1,981 4.0

Reflect seriousness of offense/promotes respect for law/just punishment 1,949 4.0

Afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct 1,846 3.7

The nature and circumstance of the offense 1,819 3.7

General mitigating circumstances (§5K2.0) 1,784 3.6

Avoid unwarranted sentencing disparity 1,274 2.6

Drug dependence and alcohol abuse (§5H1.4) 1,200 2.4

Age (§5H1.1) 1,168 2.4

Protect public from further crimes 1,056 2.1

Rehabilitation 960 1.9

Mental and emotional conditions 926 1.9

Pursuant to plea agreement 876 1.8

First Step Act safety valve expansion 838 1.7

Previous employment record (§5H1.5) 831 1.7

Physical condition (§5H1.4) 818 1.7

Acceptance of responsibility 789 1.6

Remorse 784 1.6

COVID-19/pandemic 758 1.5

Lack of youthful guidance/tragic or troubled childhood 745 1.5

Role in the offense 642 1.3

Conduct while on release, bond, or supervision 502 1.0

onviolent offense/offender 488 1.0

Waiver of appeal 455 0.9

Aberrant behavior (§5K2.20) 409 0.8

Early plea 353 0.7

Waiver of indictment 272 0.6

Provide correctional treatment 268 0.5

Community ties (§5H1.6) 214 0.4

Provide educational or vocational training 205 0.4

Other 3,967 8.1

TOTAL 49,276 100.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 16,205 the sentence was a downward departure from the guideline range. Courts may cite multiple reasons for

sentencing outside the guideline range; consequently, the total number of reasons cited generally exceeds the total number of cases. In this

table, 49,276 reasons were cited for the 16,205 cases. The 'Other' category includes all reasons cited fewer than 160 times among relevant

cases and 194 cases where the Statement of Reason was received, but there was insufficient documentation provided to determine some of

the reasons for the sentence. Descriptions of the variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table 43

Fiscal Year 2022

REASONS GIVEN BY SENTENCING COURTS FO

DOWNWARD DEPARTURES FROM THE GUIDELINE RANGE

104 | 2022 Sourcebook

REASONS N %

The history and characteristics of the defendant 12,238 12.0

Reflect seriousness of offense/promotes respect for law/just punishment 9,114 8.9

Afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct 7,737 7.6

The nature and circumstance of the offense 7,299 7.2

Protect public from further crimes 5,238 5.1

Family ties and responsibilities (§5H1.6) 4,287 4.2

Avoid unwarranted sentencing disparity 4,129 4.1

Criminal history issues 3,974 3.9

Acceptance of responsibility 2,921 2.9

Drug dependence and alcohol abuse (§5H1.4) 2,877 2.8

Age (§5H1.1) 2,869 2.8

Remorse 2,768 2.7

Mental and emotional conditions 2,517 2.5

Previous employment record (§5H1.5) 2,347 2.3

Lack of youthful guidance/tragic or troubled childhood 2,278 2.2

Role in the offense 2,166 2.1

Rehabilitation 1,996 2.0

Provide correctional treatment 1,505 1.5

onviolent offense/offender 1,484 1.5

General mitigating circumstances (§5K2.0) 1,414 1.4

Provide educational or vocational training 1,349 1.3

Conduct while on release, bond, or supervision 1,299 1.3

Physical condition (§5H1.4) 1,221 1.2

Pursuant to plea agreement 946 0.9

Community ties (§5H1.6) 868 0.9

Cooperation without motion (not §5K1.1) 818 0.8

Aberrant behavior (§5K2.20) 809 0.8

Provide medical care 794 0.8

Provide restitution to any victims 776 0.8

Early plea 753 0.7

First Step Act safety valve expansion 743 0.7

Waiver of appeal 685 0.7

COVID-19/pandemic 625 0.6

Other 9,099 8.9

TOTAL 101,943 100.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 19,068 the sentence was a variance below the guideline range. Courts may cite multiple reasons for sentencing

outside the guideline range; consequently, the total number of reasons cited generally exceeds the total number of cases. In this table, 101,943

reasons were cited for the 19,068 cases. The 'Other' category includes all reasons cited fewer than 500 times among relevant cases and

933 cases where the Statement of Reason was received, but there was insufficient documentation provided to determine some of the

reasons for the sentence. Descriptions of the variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

REASONS GIVEN BY SENTENCING COURTS FO

DOWNWARD VARIANCES FROM THE GUIDELINE RANGE

Table 44

Fiscal Year 2022

Sentences Under the Guidelines Manual and Variances | 105

106 | 2022 Sourcebook

DRUG OFFENSES

108 | 2022 Sourcebook

Powder

Cocaine

17.3%

Crack

Cocaine

5.6%

Heroin

8.1%

Marijuana

4.2%

Fentanyl

12.6%

Other

3.7%

Methamphetamine

48.5%

Figure D-1

DISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY DRUG TYPE

IN FEDERAL DRUG CASES

1,2

Fiscal Year 2022

The 'Other' drug category includes the remaining primary drug types of which the following have more than 50 cases:

Oxycodone/Oxycontin (301), MDMA/Ecstasy/MDA (72), and Synthetic Cannabinoid (59).

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). The 'Fentanyl'

category includes both Fentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl] Propanamide) and Fentanyl Analogue.

Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

Drug Offenses | 109

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N % N % N % N % N % N % N %

TOTAL 19,851 19,612 98.8 208 1.0 8 0.0 0 0.0 22 0.1 1 0.0 0 0.0

Powder Cocaine 3,457 3,303 95.5 149 4.3 2 0.1 0 0.0 3 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0

Crack Cocaine 1,105 1,086 98.3 16 1.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

Heroin 1,616 1,598 98.9 11 0.7 2 0.1 0 0.0 5 0.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

Marijuana 806 796 98.8 7 0.9 1 0.1 0 0.0 1 0.1 1 0.1 0 0.0

Methamphetamine 9,681 9,653 99.7 17 0.2 2 0.0 0 0.0 9 0.1 0 0.0 0 0.0

Fentanyl 2,511 2,501 99.6 8 0.3 1 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Other 675 675 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,851 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected Locations),

2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism).

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Endangering

Human Life

Table D-1

§2D1.14

Narco-

Terrorism

Fiscal Year 2022

PRIMARY DRUG TYPE OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

§2D1.10

While

ManufacturingEnterprise

§2D1.5

§2D1.6

Communication

Facilit

§2D1.8

Rent/Manage

Drug

Establishmen

Continuing

Criminal

§2D1.1

Drug

Trafficking

§2D1.2

Protected

Locations

110 | 2022 Sourcebook

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 19,827 5,134 25.9 5,574 28.1 8,475 42.7 644 3.2

Powder Cocaine 3,455 192 5.6 901 26.1 2,319 67.1 43 1.2

Crack Cocaine 1,104 81 7.3 870 78.8 147 13.3 6 0.5

Heroin 1,614 321 19.9 583 36.1 686 42.5 24 1.5

Marijuana 804 139 17.3 230 28.6 392 48.8 43 5.3

Methamphetamine 9,668 3,684 38.1 1,717 17.8 3,867 40.0 400 4.1

Fentanyl 2,508 471 18.8 1,038 41.4 954 38.0 45 1.8

Other 674 246 36.5 235 34.9 110 16.3 83 12.3

2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14

(Narco-Terrorism). Of these 19,851 cases, 24 were excluded due to missing information on offender's race. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

BLACK HISPANIC OTHER

Table D-2

RACE OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

WHITE

Drug Offenses | 111

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N%

TOTAL 19,850 16,320 82.2 3,530 17.8

Powder Cocaine 3,457 3,109 89.9 348 10.1

Crack Cocaine 1,105 991 89.7 114 10.3

Heroin 1,616 1,334 82.5 282 17.5

Marijuana 805 728 90.4 77 9.6

Methamphetamine 9,681 7,560 78.1 2,121 21.9

Fentanyl 2,511 2,068 82.4 443 17.6

Other 675 530 78.5 145 21.5

Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,851 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking),

2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human

Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Of these 19,851 cases, one was excluded due to missing information on offender's gender. Descriptions of variables used

in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

MALE

Table D-3

GENDER OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

FEMALE

112 | 2022 Sourcebook

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N% N% N% N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 19,851 354 1.8 2,094 10.5 3,229 16.3 3,746 18.9 3,516 17.7 4,680 23.6 1,709 8.6 523 2.6

Powder Cocaine 3,457 53 1.5 297 8.6 512 14.8 620 17.9 612 17.7 928 26.8 346 10.0 89 2.6

Crack Cocaine 1,105 16 1.4 95 8.6 195 17.6 216 19.5 219 19.8 257 23.3 85 7.7 22 2.0

Heroin 1,616 15 0.9 136 8.4 301 18.6 318 19.7 294 18.2 375 23.2 132 8.2 45 2.8

Marijuana 806 31 3.8 157 19.5 144 17.9 122 15.1 126 15.6 155 19.2 49 6.1 22 2.7

Methamphetamine 9,681 149 1.5 947 9.8 1,433 14.8 1,875 19.4 1,770 18.3 2,393 24.7 860 8.9 254 2.6

Fentanyl 2,511 85 3.4 385 15.3 519 20.7 494 19.7 382 15.2 446 17.8 169 6.7 31 1.2

Other 675 5 0.7 77 11.4 125 18.5 101 15.0 113 16.7 126 18.7 68 10.1 60 8.9

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table D-4

51 to 60 Over 6036 to 40 41 to 50Under 21 21 to 25 26 to 30

AGE OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

31 to 35

Drug Offenses | 113

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N%

TOTAL 19,843 16,662 84.0 3,181 16.0

Powder Cocaine 3,452 2,338 67.7 1,114 32.3

Crack Cocaine 1,105 1,088 98.5 17 1.5

Heroin 1,616 1,340 82.9 276 17.1

Marijuana 805 565 70.2 240 29.8

Methamphetamine 9,680 8,485 87.7 1,195 12.3

Fentanyl 2,510 2,214 88.2 296 11.8

Other 675 632 93.6 43 6.4

Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,851 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking),

2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human

Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Of these 19,851 cases, eight were excluded due to missing information on offender's citizenship status. Descriptions of

variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

U.S. CITIZEN

Table D-5

CITIZENSHIP OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

NON-U.S. CITIZEN

114 | 2022 Sourcebook

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 19,791 6,908 34.9 8,207 41.5 4,076 20.6 600 3.0

Powder Cocaine 3,447 1,414 41.0 1,297 37.6 630 18.3 106 3.1

Crack Cocaine 1,101 408 37.1 521 47.3 160 14.5 12 1.1

Heroin 1,612 595 36.9 655 40.6 318 19.7 44 2.7

Marijuana 800 325 40.6 261 32.6 171 21.4 43 5.4

Methamphetamine 9,651 3,138 32.5 4,210 43.6 2,085 21.6 218 2.3

Fentanyl 2,508 897 35.8 1,050 41.9 514 20.5 47 1.9

Other 672 131 19.5 213 31.7 198 29.5 130 19.3

2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14

(Narco-Terrorism). Of these 19,851 cases, 60 were excluded due to missing information on offender's education. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL SOME COLLEGE

GRADUATE GRADUATE COLLEGE GRADUATE

Table D-6

EDUCATION OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

LESS THAN HIGH

Drug Offenses | 115

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N % N % N % N % N % N %

TOTAL 19,851 8,268 41.7 2,332 11.7 3,038 15.3 1,951 9.8 1,334 6.7 2,928 14.7

Powder Cocaine 3,457 2,153 62.3 420 12.1 373 10.8 193 5.6 122 3.5 196 5.7

Crack Cocaine 1,105 237 21.4 132 11.9 236 21.4 153 13.8 110 10.0 237 21.4

Heroin 1,616 618 38.2 186 11.5 289 17.9 173 10.7 106 6.6 244 15.1

Marijuana 806 503 62.4 110 13.6 83 10.3 48 6.0 28 3.5 34 4.2

Methamphetamine 9,681 3,371 34.8 1,106 11.4 1,522 15.7 1,076 11.1 768 7.9 1,838 19.0

Fentanyl 2,511 980 39.0 308 12.3 439 17.5 258 10.3 175 7.0 351 14.0

Other 675 406 60.1 70 10.4 96 14.2 50 7.4 25 3.7 28 4.1

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table D-7

CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGORY OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGORY

IV VIIII II

116 | 2022 Sourcebook

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N%

TOTAL 19,611 14,487 73.9 5,124 26.1

Powder Cocaine 3,419 2,775 81.2 644 18.8

Crack Cocaine 1,087 658 60.5 429 39.5

Heroin 1,599 1,200 75.0 399 25.0

Marijuana 802 601 74.9 201 25.1

Methamphetamine 9,553 6,827 71.5 2,726 28.5

Fentanyl 2,484 1,893 76.2 591 23.8

Other 667 533 79.9 134 20.1

Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,851 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking),

2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human

Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Of these, 19,611 cases contained complete guideline application information. Descriptions of variables used in this table are

provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

NO WEAPON

INVOLVED

Table D-8

WEAPON INVOLVEMENT OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

WEAPON

INVOLVED

Drug Offenses | 117

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N% N%

TOTAL 19,611 14,573 74.3 3,829 19.5 1,209 6.2

Powder Cocaine 3,419 2,544 74.4 590 17.3 285 8.3

Crack Cocaine 1,087 943 86.8 55 5.1 89 8.2

Heroin 1,599 1,212 75.8 285 17.8 102 6.4

Marijuana 802 547 68.2 202 25.2 53 6.6

Methamphetamine 9,553 6,958 72.8 2,117 22.2 478 5.0

Fentanyl 2,484 1,851 74.5 510 20.5 123 5.0

Other 667 518 77.7 70 10.5 79 11.8

Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,851 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected

Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or

2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Of these, 19,611 contained complete guideline application information. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table D-9

ROLE ADJUSTMENT OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Aggravating Role

Adjustment

No Role

Adjustment

Mitigating Role

Adjustment

118 | 2022 Sourcebook

DRUG TYPE 12 24 30 38

Powder Cocaine Less than 50G 500G - 1,999G 5,000G - 14,999G At least 450,000G

66 274 390 259

Mean

17.5 1,088.8 8,852.5 1,568,852.3

Median

14.0 1,000.0 8,525.3 1,092,000.0

Crack Cocaine Less than 2.8G 28G - 111G 280G - 839G At least 25,200G

26 99 23 0

Mean

1.5 58.3 419.7 --

Median

1.6 53.8 372.8 --

Heroin Less than 10G 100G - 399G 1,000G - 2,999G At least 90,000G

38 120 120 1

Mean

3.7 199.1 1,746.7 --

Median

3.8 190.5 1,620.6 --

Marijuana 5,000G - 9,999G 100,000G - 399,999G 1,000,000G - 2,999,999G At least 90,000,000G

16 137 38 0

Mean

6,759.9 179,136.1 1,645,277.8 --

Median

6,615.0 161,481.6 1,578,500.0 --

Less than 5G 50G - 199G 500G - 1,499G At least 45,000G

16 227 238 62

Mean

2.6 112.7 916.5 112,664.1

Median

3.4 110.6 907.1 88,375.0

Less than 0.5G 5G - 19G 50G - 149G At least 4,500G

1 103 497 481

Mean

-- 12.0 92.4 25,072.4

Median

-- 12.4 91.8 10,760.0

Less than 4G 40G - 159G 400G - 1,199G At least 36,000G

43 258 202 3

Mean

1.9 88.9 769.8 39,174.1

Median

1.9 89.3 745.9 36,000.0

Of the 64,142 cases, 19,612 were sentenced under §2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking). Of these, 19,377 cases had complete guideline application information. Of these 19,377

cases, 16,163 involved powder cocaine, crack cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine actual or mix or fentanyl n-phenyl. Of these 16,163 cases, 6,351 had a base

offense level of 12, 24, 30, or 38. Of these 6,351 cases, 3,119 were excluded due to one or more of the following reasons: involvement of more than one drug

type (2,000), missing drug amount or range (1,264), or logical criteria (9). The methamphetamine actual category also includes ICE. Descriptions of variables used in this

table are provided in Appendix A.

Does not include cases involving Fentanyl Analogue

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Fentanyl

Methamphetamine Actual

Table D-10

DRUG AMOUNTS (IN GRAMS) FOR SELECTED

BASE OFFENSE LEVELS AND DRUG TYPES

Fiscal Year 2022

Base Offense Level and Quantity Range

Methamphetamine Mix

Drug Offenses | 119

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N% N%

TOTAL 19,848 7,115 35.8 4,975 25.1 7,758 39.1

Powder Cocaine 3,457 980 28.3 940 27.2 1,537 44.5

Crack Cocaine 1,105 673 60.9 300 27.1 132 11.9

Heroin 1,616 656 40.6 456 28.2 504 31.2

Marijuana 806 509 63.2 211 26.2 86 10.7

Methamphetamine 9,678 2,604 26.9 2,233 23.1 4,841 50.0

Fentanyl 2,511 1,071 42.7 805 32.1 635 25.3

Other 675 622 92.1 30 4.4 23 3.4

Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,851 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected

Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or

2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Of the remaining cases, three were excluded because the offender was convicted of a mandatory minimum penalty from one of the following statutes:

21 U.S.C. § 860a or 21 U.S.C. § 865. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

Includes 102 offenders whose drug mandatory minimum penalty was less than 60 months.

Includes 322 offenders whose drug mandatory minimum penalty was greater than ten years.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table D-11

LENGTH OF MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES IN DRUG TRAFFICKING CASES

Fiscal Year 2022

Ten-Year or More Drug

Mandatory Minimum

No Drug

Mandatory Minimum

Five-Year Drug

Mandatory Minimum

120 | 2022 Sourcebook

ENHANCEMENT

FILED

DRUG TYPE N N% N%

TOTAL 817 225 27.5 592 72.5

Powder Cocaine 143 29 20.3 114 79.7

Crack Cocaine 78 20 25.6 58 74.4

Heroin 77 28 36.4 49 63.6

Marijuana 23 3 13.0 20 87.0

Methamphetamine 368 118 32.1 250 67.9

Fentanyl 106 23 21.7 83 78.3

Other 22 4 18.2 18 81.8

Of the 820 cases in which notice of an enhanced penalty was given under 21 U.S.C. § 851, three were excluded due to missing or undetermined withdrawal information.

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

Includes 15 cases in which the enhancement was not formally withdrawn but where the court determined that the enhancement did not apply at the time of sentencing.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 851 Datafile, DRUG851FY22.

WITHDRAWN

NOT WITHDRAWN

Table D-12

APPLICATION OF RECIDIVIST PENALTIES IN DRUG TRAFFICKING CASES

Fiscal Year 2022

ENHANCEMENT ENHANCEMENT

Drug Offenses | 121

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 19,605 5,260 26.8 7,543 38.5 1,756 9.0 5,046 25.7

Powder Cocaine 3,419 751 22.0 1,113 32.6 214 6.3 1,341 39.2

Crack Cocaine 1,087 635 58.4 366 33.7 31 2.9 55 5.1

Heroin 1,598 522 32.7 576 36.0 127 7.9 373 23.3

Marijuana 798 345 43.2 124 15.5 158 19.8 171 21.4

Methamphetamine 9,553 1,770 18.5 4,513 47.2 794 8.3 2,476 25.9

Fentanyl 2,483 837 33.7 819 33.0 218 8.8 609 24.5

Other 667 400 60.0 32 4.8 214 32.1 21 3.1

Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,851 offenders were sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected

Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or

2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Of these, 19,611 cases contained complete guideline application information. Of these 19,611 cases, six were excluded due to missing safety valve or mandatory minimum

information. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

This column includes 407 cases where the court indicated a variance based on the expanded safety valve eligibility under the First Step Act, but the offender was not eligible to receive

the guideline safety valve reduction.

For offenders with no drug mandatory minimum penalty, use of the term 'safety valve' on this table means that the court indicated that the two-level reduction at §2D1.1 applied because the offender met the

criteria set forth at §5C1.2.

For offenders with a drug mandatory minimum penalty, use of the term 'safety valve' on this table means that the court sentenced the offender without regard to any applicable mandatory minimum

penalty (in accordance with the 'safety valve' provision of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f), incorporated into the guidelines at §5C1.2).

Effective November 1, 2012, the safety valve reduction was added to §2D1.11 (Unlawfully Distributing a Listed Chemical). There was one offender sentenced under §2D1.11 as the primary sentencing

guideline in which the 2012 or later Guidelines Manual was applied with complete guideline application information. The safety valve reduction was applied for this one offender.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Mandatory Minimum

No Drug Drug DrugNo Drug

NO SAFETY VALVE SAFETY VALVE

Fiscal Year 2022

Table D-13

DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS RECEIVING SAFETY VALVE AND

MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES

1, 5

122 | 2022 Sourcebook

¹ Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,851 offenders were

sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a

Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or

2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Of these 19,851 cases, three were excluded because the offender was convicted of a mandatory minimum

penalty from one of the following statutes: 21 U.S.C. § 860a or 21 U.S.C. § 865. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided

in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Figure D-2

MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES IN DRUG TRAFFICKING CASES

Fiscal Year 2022

No Drug

Mandatory

Minimum

Penalty

35.3%

Less than

60 Months

0.5%

60 Months

25.1%

120 Months

37.5%

180 Months

0.9%

240 Months

or More

0.7%

Life

0.0%

LENGTH OF MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES

Both §5K1.1 and

Safety Valve

9.3%

Safety Valve

30.6%

§5K1.1

Substantial

Assistance

15.6%

No Relief

44.4%

RELIEF FROM MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES

Drug Offenses | 123

DRUG TYPE TOTAL N% N% N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 19,842 5,445 27.4 68 0.3 4,098 20.7 1,634 8.2 967 4.9 7,630 38.5

Powder Cocaine 3,456 1,139 33.0 9 0.3 646 18.7 140 4.1 161 4.7 1,361 39.4

Crack Cocaine 1,104 339 30.7 5 0.5 140 12.7 1 0.1 42 3.8 577 52.3

Heroin 1,614 497 30.8 10 0.6 345 21.4 78 4.8 71 4.4 613 38.0

Marijuana 805 332 41.2 3 0.4 150 18.6 18 2.2 18 2.2 284 35.3

Methamphetamine 9,678 2,298 23.7 9 0.1 2,220 22.9 1,090 11.3 541 5.6 3,520 36.4

Fentanyl 2,510 694 27.6 30 1.2 399 15.9 303 12.1 110 4.4 974 38.8

Other 675 146 21.6 2 0.3 198 29.3 4 0.6 24 3.6 301 44.6

(Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism).

Of these 19,851 cases, nine were excluded due to missing information from the submitted documents that prevented the comparison of the sentence and the guideline range. Descriptions of variables used in this table

are provided in Appendix A.

Of the 7,630 variance cases, in 733 cases the court cited First Step Act safety valve expansion as a reason for the sentence.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table D-14

SENTENCE IMPOSED RELATIVE TO THE GUIDELINE RANGE FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

RANGE §5K3.1

VARIANCE

UPWARD

DEPARTURE

DOWNWARD

§5K1.1

Fiscal Year 2022

GUIDELINE

WITHIN

124 | 2022 Sourcebook

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120

Average and Median Sentence Length (Months)

Figure D-3

SENTENCE LENGTH OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

BY MAJOR DRUG TYPE

Fiscal Year 2022

Powder Cocaine

(N=3,457)

Crack Cocaine

(N=1,105)

Heroin

(N=1,616)

Marijuana

(N=806)

Methamphetamine

(N=9,681)

Of the 64,142 cases, in 20,037 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part D (Drugs). Of these, 19,851 offenders were sentenced under

§§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8

(Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism). Sentences of 470 months or

greater (including life) and probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in

this figure includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Italicized numbers depict median values and the bolded numbers at the end of

the bar indicate average values. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Average sentence in

bold at end of bar

Median sentence in

italics

Fentanyl

(N=2,511)

Drug Offenses | 125

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Number of

Offenders

Figure D-4

NUMBER OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

BY MAJOR DRUG TYPE OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

Powder Cocaine Crack Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Methamphetamine Fentanyl

Only offenders sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8

(Rent/Manage Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism) are depicted in this figure. Additional cases were excluded due to

missing information on drug type. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

126 | 2022 Sourcebook

120

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Months

Figure D-5

SENTENCE LENGTH OF DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS

BY MAJOR DRUG TYPE OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

Powder Cocaine Crack Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Methamphetamine Fentanyl

Only offenders sentenced under §§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking), 2D1.2 (Protected Locations), 2D1.5 (Continuing Criminal Enterprise), 2D1.6 (Use of a Communication Facility), 2D1.8 (Rent/Manage

Drug Establishment), 2D1.10 (Endangering Human Life While Manufacturing), or 2D1.14 (Narco-Terrorism) are depicted in this figure. Sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) and

probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this figure includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG

§5C1.1. Cases missing drug type or sentencing information were also excluded. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

IMMIGRATION OFFENSES

128 | 2022 Sourcebook

§2L1.1

24.2%

§2L1.2

71.4%

§2L2.1

0.5%

§2L2.2

3.9%

Figure I-1

DISTRIBUTION OF IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS

BY GUIDELINE

Fiscal Year 2022

Of the 64,142 cases, 16,779 offenders were sentenced under §§2L1.1 (Alien Smuggling), 2L1.2 (Unlawful Entering or

Remaining in the United States), 2L2.1 (Trafficking in Immigration Documents, or Making False or Fraudulent

Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents). Descriptions of variables used in this

figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Immigration Offenses | 129

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 16,709 524 3.1 338 2.0 15,680 93.8 167 1.0

§2L1.1 4,053 430 10.6 254 6.3 3,276 80.8 93 2.3

§2L1.2 11,913 60 0.5 50 0.4 11,795 99.0 8 0.1

§2L2.1 84 12 14.3 7 8.3 44 52.4 21 25.0

§2L2.2 659 22 3.3 27 4.1 565 85.7 45 6.8

Of the 64,142 cases, 16,779 offenders were sentenced under §§2L1.1 (Alien Smuggling), 2L1.2 (Unlawful Entering or Remaining in the United States), 2L2.1 (Trafficking in Immigration Documents,

or Making False or Fraudulent Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents). Of these 16,779 offenders, 70 were excluded due to missing information on

offender's race. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table I-1

RACE OF IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

WHITE BLACK HISPANIC OTHER

130 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N%

TOTAL 16,775 15,271 91.0 1,504 9.0

§2L1.1 4,056 3,095 76.3 961 23.7

§2L1.2 11,974 11,684 97.6 290 2.4

§2L2.1 84 49 58.3 35 41.7

§2L2.2 661 443 67.0 218 33.0

Of the 64,142 cases, 16,779 offenders were sentenced under §§2L1.1 (Alien Smuggling), 2L1.2 (Unlawful Entering or Remaining in the United States), 2L2.1 (Trafficking in

Immigration Documents, or Making False or Fraudulent Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents). Of these 16,779 offenders, four were

excluded due to missing information on offender's gender. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

MALE FEMALE

Table I-2

GENDER OF IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Immigration Offenses | 131

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N% N% N% N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 16,779 491 2.9 1,863 11.1 2,464 14.7 3,023 18.0 2,989 17.8 4,259 25.4 1,408 8.4 282 1.7

§2L1.1 4,056 377 9.3 973 24.0 734 18.1 586 14.4 472 11.6 595 14.7 258 6.4 61 1.5

§2L1.2 11,978 69 0.6 771 6.4 1,582 13.2 2,329 19.4 2,432 20.3 3,519 29.4 1,085 9.1 191 1.6

§2L2.1 84 0 0.0 3 3.6 22 26.2 14 16.7 12 14.3 16 19.0 10 11.9 7 8.3

§2L2.2 661 45 6.8 116 17.5 126 19.1 94 14.2 73 11.0 129 19.5 55 8.3 23 3.5

Of the 64,142 cases, 16,779 offenders were sentenced under §§2L1.1 (Alien Smuggling), 2L1.2 (Unlawful Entering or Remaining in the United States), 2L2.1 (Trafficking in Immigration Documents, or Making False

or Fraudulent Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents). Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table I-3

36 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 Over 60

AGE OF IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Under 21 21 to 25 26 to 30 31 to 35

132 | 2022 Sourcebook

Illegal Alien

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N%NNNN

TOTAL 16,779 3,096 18.5 13,683 81.5 279 13,365 1 38

§2L1.1 4,056 2,992 73.8 1,064 26.2 212 837 0 15

§2L1.2 11,978 0 0.0 11,978 100.0 26 11,939 0 13

§2L2.1 84 58 69.0 26 31.0 10 14 1 1

§2L2.2 661 46 7.0 615 93.0 31 575 0 9

False or Fraudulent Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents). Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table I-4

U.S. CITIZEN

Resident/

Legal Alien

NON-U.S.

CITIZEN

Alien Status

Unknown

CITIZENSHIP OF IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS

Extradited

Alien

Fiscal Year 2022

Immigration Offenses | 133

N % N % N % N % N %

Total 5,875 100.0 2,479 100.0 2,739 100.0 58 100.0 599 100.0

U.S. Citizen 1,662 28.3 1,597 64.4 0 0.0 35 60.3 30 5.0

Non-U.S. Citizen 4,213 71.7

882 35.6 2,739 100.0 23 39.7 569 95.0

Total 3,956 100.0 483 100.0 3,431 100.0 11 100.0 31 100.0

U.S. Citizen 408 10.3 392 81.2 0 0.0 9 81.8 7 22.6

Non-U.S. Citizen 3,548 89.7

91 18.8 3,431 100.0 2 18.2 24 77.4

Total 3,879 100.0 523 100.0 3,332 100.0 6 100.0 18 100.0

U.S. Citizen 476 12.3 465 88.9 0 0.0 6 100.0 5 27.8

Non-U.S. Citizen 3,403 87.7

58 11.1 3,332 100.0 0 0.0 13 72.2

Total 1,766 100.0 292 100.0 1,467 100.0 2 100.0 5 100.0

U.S. Citizen 273 15.5 270 92.5 0 0.0 2 100.0 1 20.0

Non-U.S. Citizen 1,493 84.5

22 7.5 1,467 100.0 0 0.0 4 80.0

Total 815 100.0 147 100.0 660 100.0 4 100.0 4 100.0

U.S. Citizen 145 17.8 141 95.9 0 0.0 3 75.0 1 25.0

Non-U.S. Citizen 670 82.2

6 4.1 660 100.0 1 25.0 3 75.0

Total 488 100.0 132 100.0 349 100.0 3 100.0 4 100.0

U.S. Citizen 132 27.0 127 96.2 0 0.0 3 100.0 2 50.0

Non-U.S. Citizen 356 73.0

5 3.8 349 100.0 0 0.0 2 50.0

Of the 64,142 cases, 16,779 offenders were sentenced under §§2L1.1 (Alien Smuggling), 2L1.2 (Unlawful Entering or Remaining in the United States),

2L2.1 (Trafficking in Immigration Documents, or Making False or Fraudulent Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents).

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

CHC

III

Table I-5

CRIMINAL HISTORY CATEGORY AND CITIZENSHIP OF IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Total §2L1.1 §2L1.2 §2L2.1 §2L2.2

134 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 16,125 11,898 73.8 2,995 18.6 1,043 6.5 189 1.2

§2L1.1 4,046 1,940 47.9 1,413 34.9 640 15.8 53 1.3

§2L1.2 11,362 9,562 84.2 1,410 12.4 317 2.8 73 0.6

§2L2.1 83 26 31.3 35 42.2 10 12.0 12 14.5

§2L2.2 634 370 58.4 137 21.6 76 12.0 51 8.0

Of the 64,142 cases, 16,779 offenders were sentenced under §§2L1.1 (Alien Smuggling), 2L1.2 (Unlawful Entering or Remaining in the United States), 2L2.1 (Trafficking in Immigration Documents,

or Making False or Fraudulent Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents). Of these 16,779 offenders, 654 were excluded due to missing information on

offender's education. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table I-6

EDUCATION OF IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

LESS THAN HIGH

GRADUATE GRADUATE COLLEGE GRADUATE

HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL SOME COLLEGE

Immigration Offenses | 135

GUIDELINE TOTAL N% N% N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 16,759 8,758 52.3 23 0.1 203 1.2 4,763 28.4 876 5.2 2,136 12.7

§2L1.1 4,052 1,559 38.5 1 0.0 126 3.1 1,634 40.3 106 2.6 626 15.4

§2L1.2 11,963 6,631 55.4 22 0.2 34 0.3 3,123 26.1 747 6.2 1,406 11.8

§2L2.1 84 22 26.2 0 0.0 41 48.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 21 25.0

§2L2.2 660 546 82.7 0 0.0 2 0.3 6 0.9 23 3.5 83 12.6

False or Fraudulent Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents). Of these 16,779 offenders, 20 were excluded because information was missing from the submitted

documents that prevented the comparison of the sentence and the guideline range. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

GUIDELINE

RANGE UPWARD §5K1.1 §5K3.1

DOWNWARD

VARIANCE

DEPARTURE

Table I-7

SENTENCE IMPOSED RELATIVE TO THE GUIDELINE RANGE FOR IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

WITHIN

136 | 2022 Sourcebook

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Number of

Offenders

Figure I-2

NUMBER OF IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

§2L1.1 §2L1.2 §2L2.1 §2L2.2

Only offenders sentenced under §§2L1.1 (Alien Smuggling), 2L1.2 (Unlawful Entering or Remaining in the United States), 2L2.1 (Trafficking in Immigration Documents, or Making False or

Fraudulent Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents) are depicted in this figure. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

Immigration Offenses | 137

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Months

Figure I-3

SENTENCE LENGTH OF IMMIGRATION OFFENDERS OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

§2L1.1 §2L1.2 §2L2.1 §2L2.2

Only offenders sentenced under §§2L1.1 (Alien Smuggling), 2L1.2 (Unlawful Entering or Remaining in the United States), 2L2.1 (Trafficking in Immigration Documents, or Making False or

Fraudulent Immigration Statements), or 2L2.2 (Acquiring Fraudulent Immigration Documents) are depicted in this figure. Sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) and probation were

included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this figure includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Cases

missing sentencing information were also excluded. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

138 | 2022 Sourcebook

FIREARMS OFFENSES

140 | 2022 Sourcebook

§2K1.3

0.1%

§2K1.4

1.1%

§2K2.1

94.8%

§2K2.4

3.9%

§2K2.5

0.1%

Figure F-1

DISTRIBUTION OF FIREARMS OFFENDERS

BY GUIDELINE

1,2

Fiscal Year 2022

Of the 64,142 cases, in 9,359 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part K (Firearms). Of these, 9,357

offenders were sentenced under §§2K1.3 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Explosive Materials), 2K1.4

(Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or

Ammunition), 2K2.4 (Use of Firearm During or in Relation to Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or

Dangerous Weapon in Federal Facility or in School Zone). Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in

Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

In the §2K2.4 cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing

Ammunition, or Explosives During or in Relation to Certain Crimes) as the only count or counts of conviction. The

Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

Firearms Offenses | 141

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 9,341 2,163 23.2 5,336 57.1 1,531 16.4 311 3.3

§2K1.3 6 4 66.7 1 16.7 1 16.7 0 0.0

§2K1.4 103 47 45.6 36 35.0 12 11.7 8 7.8

§2K2.1 8,859 2,052 23.2 5,074 57.3 1,442 16.3 291 3.3

§2K2.4

361 59 16.3 215 59.6 75 20.8 12 3.3

§2K2.5 12 1 8.3 10 83.3 1 8.3 0 0.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 9,359 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part K (Firearms). Of these, 9,357 offenders were sentenced under §§2K1.3 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession,

or Transportation of Explosive Materials), 2K1.4 (Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or Ammunition),

2K2.4 (Use of Firearm During or in Relation to Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or Dangerous Weapon in Federal Facility or in School Zone). Of these 9,357 cases, 16 were

excluded due to missing information on offender's race. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

In these cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition, or Explosives During or in Relation to Certain Crimes) as the only count or

counts of conviction. The Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table F-1

RACE OF FIREARMS OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

WHITE BLACK HISPANIC OTHER

142 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N%

TOTAL 9,357 8,979 96.0 378 4.0

§2K1.3 6 6 100.0 0 0.0

§2K1.4 103 93 90.3 10 9.7

§2K2.1 8,875 8,529 96.1 346 3.9

§2K2.4

361 341 94.5 20 5.5

§2K2.5 12 10 83.3 2 16.7

Of the 64,142 cases, in 9,359 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part K (Firearms). Of these, 9,357 offenders were sentenced under §§2K1.3 (Unlawful

Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Explosive Materials), 2K1.4 (Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation

of Firearms or Ammunition), 2K2.4 (Use of Firearm During or in Relation to Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or Dangerous Weapon in Federal Facility or

in School Zone). Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

In these cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition, or Explosives During or in Relation to Certain Crimes) as

the only count or counts of conviction. The Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

MALE FEMALE

Table F-2

GENDER OF FIREARMS OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Firearms Offenses | 143

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N% N% N% N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 9,357 171 1.8 1,491 15.9 2,179 23.3 1,964 21.0 1,452 15.5 1,551 16.6 443 4.7 106 1.1

§2K1.3 6 0 0.0 2 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 33.3 1 16.7 1 16.7 0 0.0

§2K1.4 103 4 3.9 29 28.2 21 20.4 19 18.4 15 14.6 11 10.7 4 3.9 0 0.0

§2K2.1 8,875 150 1.7 1,378 15.5 2,069 23.3 1,872 21.1 1,387 15.6 1,493 16.8 423 4.8 103 1.2

§2K2.4

361 17 4.7 82 22.7 87 24.1 70 19.4 46 12.7 42 11.6 14 3.9 3 0.8

§2K2.5 12 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 16.7 3 25.0 2 16.7 4 33.3 1 8.3 0 0.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 9,359 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part K (Firearms). Of these, 9,357 offenders were sentenced under §§2K1.3 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation

of Explosive Materials), 2K1.4 (Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or Ammunition), 2K2.4 (Use of Firearm During or in Relation

to Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or Dangerous Weapon in Federal Facility or in School Zone). Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

In these cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition, or Explosives During or in Relation to Certain Crimes) as the only count or counts of conviction.

The Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

36 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 Over 60

AGE OF FIREARMS OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Under 21 21 to 25 26 to 30 31 to 35

Table F-3

144 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N%

TOTAL 9,355 9,051 96.8 304 3.2

§2K1.3 6 6 100.0 0 0.0

§2K1.4 103 99 96.1 4 3.9

§2K2.1 8,873 8,594 96.9 279 3.1

§2K2.4

361 340 94.2 21 5.8

§2K2.5 12 12 100.0 0 0.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 9,359 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part K (Firearms). Of these, 9,357 offenders were sentenced under §§2K1.3 (Unlawful

Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Explosive Materials), 2K1.4 (Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation

of Firearms or Ammunition), 2K2.4 (Use of Firearm During or in Relation to Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or Dangerous Weapon in Federal Facility or in

School Zone). Of these 9,357 cases, two were excluded due to missing information on offender's citizenship status. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in

Appendix A.

In these cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition, or Explosives During or in Relation to Certain Crimes) as

the only count or counts of conviction. The Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table F-4

CITIZENSHIP OF FIREARMS OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

U.S. CITIZEN NON-U.S. CITIZEN

Firearms Offenses | 145

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 9,321 3,243 34.8 4,379 47.0 1,559 16.7 140 1.5

§2K1.3 5 2 40.0 1 20.0 2 40.0 0 0.0

§2K1.4 103 30 29.1 49 47.6 19 18.4 5 4.9

§2K2.1 8,841 3,073 34.8 4,159 47.0 1,479 16.7 130 1.5

§2K2.4

360 136 37.8 164 45.6 56 15.6 4 1.1

§2K2.5 12 2 16.7 6 50.0 3 25.0 1 8.3

Of the 64,142 cases, in 9,359 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part K (Firearms). Of these, 9,357 offenders were sentenced under §§2K1.3 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or

Transportation of Explosive Materials), 2K1.4 (Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or Ammunition), 2K2.4 (Use of

Firearm During or in Relation to Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or Dangerous Weapon in Federal Facility or in School Zone). Of these 9,357 cases, 36 were excluded due to missing

information on offender's education. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

In these cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition, or Explosives During or in Relation to Certain Crimes) as the only count or

counts of conviction. The Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

GRADUATE GRADUATE COLLEGE GRADUATE

HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL SOME COLLEGE

Table F-5

EDUCATION OF FIREARMS OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

LESS THAN HIGH

146 | 2022 Sourcebook

No Firearm

Mandatory

Minimum

Penalty

92.0%

Firearm

Mandatory

Minimum

Penalty

8.0%

Figure F-2

FIREARM MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTIES

Fiscal Year 2022

Of the 64,142 cases, in 9,359 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part K (Firearms). Of these, 9,357

offenders were sentenced under §§2K1.3 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Explosive Materials), 2K1.4

(Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or

Ammunition), 2K2.4 (Use of Firearm During or in Relation to Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or

Dangerous Weapon in Federal Facility or in School Zone). This figure is limited to mandatory minimum penalties for

violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) or 18 U.S.C. § 924(e). Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Firearms Offenses | 147

¹ Of the 64,142 cases, in 2,790 the offenders were convicted of one or more counts of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c).

Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

In the §2K2.4 cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition,

or Explosives During or in Relation to Certain Crimes) as the only count or counts of conviction. The Guidelines Manual

provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Figure F-3

CONVICTIONS UNDER 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)

Fiscal Year 2022

§2A1.1

2.4%

§2A2.1

1.3%

§2B3.1

21.3%

§2D1.1

49.3%

§2D1.2

2.2%

§2K2.1

7.0%

§2K2.4

13.1%

Other

3.3%

DISTRIBUTION OF APPLICABLE GUIDELINES

60 Months

68.6%

84 Months

16.7%

120 Months

8.7%

More than 120 Months

6.1%

LENGTH OF MANDATORY MINIMUM PENALTY

148 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE TOTAL N% N% N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 9,354 4,774 51.0 75 0.8 494 5.3 9 0.1 349 3.7 3,653 39.1

§2K1.3 6 3 50.0 0 0.0 1 16.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 33.3

§2K1.4 103 44 42.7 2 1.9 14 13.6 0 0.0 5 4.9 38 36.9

§2K2.1 8,872 4,436 50.0 65 0.7 454 5.1 9 0.1 343 3.9 3,565 40.2

§2K2.4

361 284 78.7 6 1.7 25 6.9 0 0.0 1 0.3 45 12.5

§2K2.5 12 7 58.3 2 16.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 25.0

Explosive Materials), 2K1.4 (Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or Ammunition), 2K2.4 (Use of Firearm During or in Relation to

Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or Dangerous Weapon in Federal Facility or in School Zone). Of these 9,357 cases, three were excluded because information was missing from the submitted documents

that prevented the comparison of the sentence and the guideline range. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

The Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table F-6

SENTENCE IMPOSED RELATIVE TO THE GUIDELINE RANGE FOR FIREARMS OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

WITHIN

DEPARTUREGUIDELINE

RANGE UPWARD §5K1.1 §5K3.1

DOWNWARD

VARIANCE

Firearms Offenses | 149

100

200

300

400

500

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Number of

Offenders

Figure F-4

NUMBER OF FIREARMS OFFENDERS OVER TIME

1,2

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

§2K2.1 §2K1.3 §2K1.4 §2K2.4 §2K2.5

Only offenders sentenced under §§2K1.3 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Explosive Materials), 2K1.4 (Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful

Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or Ammunition), 2K2.4 (Use of Firearm During or in Relation to Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or Dangerous Weapon in

Federal Facility or in School Zone) are depicted in this figure. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

In the §2K2.4 cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition, or Explosives During or in Relation to Certain Crimes) as the only

count or counts of conviction. The Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

150 | 2022 Sourcebook

120

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Months

Figure F-5

SENTENCE LENGTH OF FIREARMS OFFENDERS OVER TIME

1,2

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

§2K1.3 §2K1.4 §2K2.1 §2K2.4 §2K2.5

Only offenders sentenced under §§2K1.3 (Unlawful Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Explosive Materials), 2K1.4 (Arson or Property Damage by Use of Explosives), 2K2.1 (Unlawful

Receipt, Possession, or Transportation of Firearms or Ammunition), 2K2.4 (Use of Firearm During or in Relation to Certain Crimes), or 2K2.5 (Possession of Firearm or Dangerous Weapon in

Federal Facility or in School Zone) are depicted in this figure. Sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) and probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months

and zero months, respectively. The information in this figure includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Cases missing sentencing information were also excluded.

Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

In the §2K2.4 cases, the offender was convicted of violating 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) (Use of Firearm, Armor-Piercing Ammunition, or Explosives During or in Relation to Certain Crimes) as the only

count or counts of conviction. The Guidelines Manual provides punishment for this type of offense under §2K2.4.

ECONOMIC OFFENSES

152 | 2022 Sourcebook

§2B1.1

74.6%

§2B1.4

0.2%

§2B1.5

0.1%

§2B2.1

1.0%

§2B3.1

20.4%

§2B3.2

0.3%

§2B4.1

1.7%

§2B5.1

1.2%

§2B5.3

0.3%

Figure E-1

DISTRIBUTION OF ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS

BY GUIDELINE

Fiscal Year 2022

Of the 64,142 cases, in 7,114 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part B (Basic Economic Offenses).

Of these, 6,977 offenders were sentenced under §§2B1.1 (Theft, Property Destruction, and Fraud Offenses), 2B1.4 (Insider

Trading), 2B1.5 (Cultural Heritage Resources), 2B2.1 (Burglary), 2B3.1 (Robbery), 2B3.2 (Extortion), 2B4.1 (Bribery),

2B5.1 (Counterfeiting), or 2B5.3 (Copyright). Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Economic Offenses | 153

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 6,949 2,496 35.9 2,609 37.5 1,396 20.1 448 6.4

§2B1.1 5,181 2,112 40.8 1,636 31.6 1,111 21.4 322 6.2

§2B1.4 17 7 41.2 1 5.9 3 17.6 6 35.3

§2B1.5 7 5 71.4 0 0.0 1 14.3 1 14.3

§2B2.1 69 20 29.0 24 34.8 8 11.6 17 24.6

§2B3.1 1,423 230 16.2 887 62.3 231 16.2 75 5.3

§2B3.2 23 12 52.2 5 21.7 6 26.1 0 0.0

§2B4.1 119 55 46.2 21 17.6 25 21.0 18 15.1

§2B5.1 86 44 51.2 30 34.9 11 12.8 1 1.2

§2B5.3 24 11 45.8 5 20.8 0 0.0 8 33.3

Of the 64,142 cases, in 7,114 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part B (Basic Economic Offenses). Of these, 6,977 offenders were sentenced under §§2B1.1 (Theft, Property

Destruction, and Fraud Offenses), 2B1.4 (Insider Trading), 2B1.5 (Cultural Heritage Resources), 2B2.1 (Burglary), 2B3.1 (Robbery), 2B3.2 (Extortion), 2B4.1 (Bribery), 2B5.1 (Counterfeiting), or

2B5.3 (Copyright). Of these 6,977 cases, 28 were excluded due to missing information on offender's race. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table E-1

RACE OF ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

WHITE BLACK HISPANIC OTHER

154 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N%

TOTAL 6,976 5,232 75.0 1,744 25.0

§2B1.1 5,207 3,633 69.8 1,574 30.2

§2B1.4 17 15 88.2 2 11.8

§2B1.5 7 6 85.7 1 14.3

§2B2.1 69 61 88.4 8 11.6

§2B3.1 1,424 1,330 93.4 94 6.6

§2B3.2 23 21 91.3 2 8.7

§2B4.1 119 87 73.1 32 26.9

§2B5.1 86 61 70.9 25 29.1

§2B5.3 24 18 75.0 6 25.0

Of the 64,142 cases, in 7,114 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part B (Basic Economic Offenses). Of these, 6,977 offenders were sentenced under

§§2B1.1 (Theft, Property Destruction, and Fraud Offenses), 2B1.4 (Insider Trading), 2B1.5 (Cultural Heritage Resources), 2B2.1 (Burglary), 2B3.1 (Robbery), 2B3.2 (Extortion),

2B4.1 (Bribery), 2B5.1 (Counterfeiting), or 2B5.3 (Copyright). Of these 6,977 cases, one was excluded due to missing information on offender's gender. Descriptions of

variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

MALE FEMALE

Table E-2

GENDER OF ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Economic Offenses | 155

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N% N% N% N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 6,976 172 2.5 764 11.0 940 13.5 977 14.0 920 13.2 1,480 21.2 1,088 15.6 635 9.1

§2B1.1 5,207 69 1.3 372 7.1 592 11.4 700 13.4 742 14.3 1,233 23.7 934 17.9 565 10.9

§2B1.4 17 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 5.9 3 17.6 0 0.0 7 41.2 6 35.3 0 0.0

§2B1.5 7 0 0.0 2 28.6 0 0.0 2 28.6 1 14.3 0 0.0 1 14.3 1 14.3

§2B2.1 69 3 4.3 8 11.6 22 31.9 9 13.0 9 13.0 15 21.7 2 2.9 1 1.4

§2B3.1 1,424 99 7.0 373 26.2 293 20.6 232 16.3 138 9.7 162 11.4 91 6.4 36 2.5

§2B3.2 23 0 0.0 0 0.0 6 26.1 5 21.7 2 8.7 6 26.1 2 8.7 2 8.7

§2B4.1 119 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 2.5 7 5.9 9 7.6 31 26.1 41 34.5 28 23.5

§2B5.1 86 1 1.2 8 9.3 21 24.4 17 19.8 12 14.0 20 23.3 6 7.0 1 1.2

§2B5.3 24 0 0.0 1 4.2 2 8.3 2 8.3 7 29.2 6 25.0 5 20.8 1 4.2

Of the 64,142 cases, in 7,114 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part B (Basic Economic Offenses). Of these, 6,977 offenders were sentenced under §§2B1.1 (Theft, Property Destruction, and

Fraud Offenses), 2B1.4 (Insider Trading), 2B1.5 (Cultural Heritage Resources), 2B2.1 (Burglary), 2B3.1 (Robbery), 2B3.2 (Extortion), 2B4.1 (Bribery), 2B5.1 (Counterfeiting), or 2B5.3 (Copyright). Of these 6,977

cases, one was excluded due to missing information on offender's age. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table E-3

36 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 Over 60

AGE OF ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Under 21 21 to 25 26 to 30 31 to 35

156 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N%

TOTAL 6,973 6,148 88.2 825 11.8

§2B1.1 5,204 4,458 85.7 746 14.3

§2B1.4 17 15 88.2 2 11.8

§2B1.5 7 7 100.0 0 0.0

§2B2.1 69 65 94.2 4 5.8

§2B3.1 1,424 1,366 95.9 58 4.1

§2B3.2 23 21 91.3 2 8.7

§2B4.1 119 112 94.1 7 5.9

§2B5.1 86 84 97.7 2 2.3

§2B5.3 24 20 83.3 4 16.7

Of the 64,142 cases, in 7,114 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part B (Basic Economic Offenses). Of these, 6,977 offenders were sentenced under

§§2B1.1 (Theft, Property Destruction, and Fraud Offenses), 2B1.4 (Insider Trading), 2B1.5 (Cultural Heritage Resources), 2B2.1 (Burglary), 2B3.1 (Robbery), 2B3.2 (Extortion),

2B4.1 (Bribery), 2B5.1 (Counterfeiting), or 2B5.3 (Copyright). Of these 6,977 cases, four were excluded due to missing information on offender's citizenship status. Descriptions

of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table E-4

CITIZENSHIP OF ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

U.S. CITIZEN NON-U.S. CITIZEN

Economic Offenses | 157

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 6,941 1,374 19.8 2,189 31.5 2,058 29.6 1,320 19.0

§2B1.1 5,175 798 15.4 1,469 28.4 1,707 33.0 1,201 23.2

§2B1.4 17 1 5.9 0 0.0 2 11.8 14 82.4

§2B1.5 7 0 0.0 2 28.6 4 57.1 1 14.3

§2B2.1 69 22 31.9 29 42.0 18 26.1 0 0.0

§2B3.1 1,421 521 36.7 627 44.1 251 17.7 22 1.5

§2B3.2 23 5 21.7 8 34.8 7 30.4 3 13.0

§2B4.1 119 4 3.4 11 9.2 30 25.2 74 62.2

§2B5.1 86 21 24.4 34 39.5 31 36.0 0 0.0

§2B5.3 24 2 8.3 9 37.5 8 33.3 5 20.8

Of the 64,142 cases, in 7,114 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part B (Basic Economic Offenses). Of these, 6,977 offenders were sentenced under §§2B1.1 (Theft, Property

Destruction, and Fraud Offenses), 2B1.4 (Insider Trading), 2B1.5 (Cultural Heritage Resources), 2B2.1 (Burglary), 2B3.1 (Robbery), 2B3.2 (Extortion), 2B4.1 (Bribery), 2B5.1 (Counterfeiting), or

2B5.3 (Copyright). Of these 6,977 cases, 36 were excluded due to missing information on offender's education. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Table E-5

EDUCATION OF ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

LESS THAN HIGH

GRADUATE GRADUATE COLLEGE GRADUATE

HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL SOME COLLEGE

158 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE TOTAL

N% N%

N Mean Median

TOTAL 6,890 2,201 31.9 4,689 68.1 5,272 $5,002,193 $93,335

§2B1.1 5,148 876 17.0 4,272 83.0 4,098 $6,373,648 $160,737

§2B1.4 17 0 0.0 17 100.0 14 $2,129,749 $973,580

§2B1.5 7 1 14.3 6 85.7 7 $92,613 $90,292

§2B2.1 68 45 66.2 23 33.8 42 $42,120 $3,865

§2B3.1 1,402 1,234 88.0 168 12.0 931 $24,694 $1,700

§2B3.2 23 14 60.9 9 39.1 10 $484,350 $51,429

§2B4.1 116 1 0.9 115 99.1 93 $2,010,563 $427,000

§2B5.1 86 30 34.9 56 65.1 61 $19,867 $5,580

§2B5.3 23 0 0.0 23 100.0 16 $255,744 $120,000

Of the 64,142 cases, in 7,114 the offender was sentenced under USSG Chapter Two, Part B (Basic Economic Offenses). Of these, 6,977 offenders were sentenced under §§2B1.1 (Theft, Property

Destruction, and Fraud Offenses), 2B1.4 (Insider Trading), 2B1.5 (Cultural Heritage Resources), 2B2.1 (Burglary), 2B3.1 (Robbery), 2B3.2 (Extortion), 2B4.1 (Bribery), 2B5.1 (Counterfeiting), or

2B5.3 (Copyright). Of these, the Commission received complete guideline application information for 6,890 cases. In 4,689 cases the guideline range was enhanced due to the amount of loss involved

in the case. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

A loss may exist in cases where there was no guideline increase for loss amount and those amounts are included in the amount of loss columns.

Cases in which an exact loss amount was not reported were excluded from the amount of loss computation.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

LOSS AMOUNT

INCREASE FOR

LOSS AMOUNT

INCREASE FOR

AMOUNT OF LOSS

Table E-6

LOSS AMOUNT OF ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

NO GUIDELINE GUIDELINE

Economic Offenses | 159

GUIDELINE TOTAL N% N% N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 6,975 2,736 39.2 75 1.1 959 13.7 8 0.1 266 3.8 2,931 42.0

§2B1.1 5,206 2,086 40.1 61 1.2 703 13.5 7 0.1 174 3.3 2,175 41.8

§2B1.4 17 1 5.9 0 0.0 1 5.9 0 0.0 1 5.9 14 82.4

§2B1.5 7 1 14.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.3 5 71.4

§2B2.1 69 39 56.5 5 7.2 5 7.2 0 0.0 6 8.7 14 20.3

§2B3.1 1,424 536 37.6 8 0.6 179 12.6 0 0.0 75 5.3 626 44.0

§2B3.2 23 6 26.1 0 0.0 3 13.0 1 4.3 1 4.3 12 52.2

§2B4.1 119 15 12.6 0 0.0 56 47.1 0 0.0 4 3.4 44 37.0

§2B5.1 86 49 57.0 1 1.2 5 5.8 0 0.0 4 4.7 27 31.4

§2B5.3 24 3 12.5 0 0.0 7 29.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 14 58.3

cases, two were excluded because information was missing from the submitted documents that prevented the comparison of the sentence and the guideline range. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided

in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

DEPARTUREGUIDELINE

RANGE UPWARD §5K1.1 §5K3.1

DOWNWARD

VARIANCE

Table E-7

SENTENCE IMPOSED RELATIVE TO THE GUIDELINE RANGE FOR ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

WITHIN

160 | 2022 Sourcebook

¹ Of the 64,142 cases, the Commission received complete guideline application information for 61,006 cases. Of these, 5,148 offenders were sentenced under §2B1.1 (Theft, Property Destruction,

and Fraud Offenses). An additional five were excluded that were sentenced using a Guidelines Manual in effect prior to November 1, 2015. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are

provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Datafile, USSCFY22.

Fiscal Year 2022

NUMBER OF OFFENDERS IN EACH §2B1.1 LOSS TABLE CATEGORY

Figure E-2

875

240

487

591

397

449

600

613

409

248

107

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

Number of

Offenders

Economic Offenses | 161

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Number of

Offenders

Figure E-3

NUMBER OF ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

§2B1.1 §2B3.1 §2B4.1 §2B5.1 §2B5.3

Only offenders sentenced under §§2B1.1 (Theft, Property Destruction, and Fraud Offenses), 2B3.1 (Robbery), 2B4.1 (Bribery), 2B5.1 (Counterfeiting), or 2B5.3 (Copyright) are depicted in this

figure. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

162 | 2022 Sourcebook

108

120

132

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Months

Figure E-4

SENTENCE LENGTH OF ECONOMIC OFFENSE OFFENDERS OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

§2B3.1 §2B1.1 §2B4.1 §2B5.1 §2B5.3

Only offenders sentenced under §§2B1.1 (Theft, Property Destruction, and Fraud Offenses), 2B3.1 (Robbery), 2B4.1 (Bribery), 2B5.1 (Counterfeiting), or 2B5.3 (Copyright) are depicted in this

figure. Sentences of 470 months or greater (including life) and probation were included in the sentence average computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. The information in this

figure includes conditions of confinement as described in USSG §5C1.1. Cases missing sentencing information were also excluded. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in

Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY13 - USSCFY22.

ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDER

SENTENCING DATA

164 | 2022 Sourcebook

¹ This figure includes the 99 organizational cases reported to the Commission. Descriptions of variables

used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

Figure O-1

ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

Fraud

40.4%

Environmental

25.3%

Other

11.1%

Antitrust

3.0%

Drugs

3.0%

Import and

Export

4.0%

Food and Drugs

2.0%

Immigration

3.0%

Money

Laundering

8.1%

Organizational Offender Sentencing Data | 165

¹ Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2013 - 2022 Organizational Datafiles, CORPFY13 - CORPFY22.

Figure O-2

NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS OVER TIME

Fiscal Years 2013 - 2022

172

162

181

132

131

118

100

150

200

250

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Number of

Organizations

166 | 2022 Sourcebook

¹ Of the 99 organizational cases, one was missing information on the ownership structure of the

organization. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

Figure O-3

ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS BY OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE

Fiscal Year 2022

Closely-held

or Private

Corporation

45.9%

Openly-traded

Corporation

6.1%

Partnership

2.0%

LLC

45.9%

Organizational Offender Sentencing Data | 167

¹ This figure includes the 99 organizational cases reported to the Commission. Descriptions of variables

used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

Figure O-4

ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF BUSINESS

Fiscal Year 2022

Health Care

Services and

Supplies

18.2%

Manufacturing,

Production,

Design,

Inspection, Sales

and Distribution

13.1%

Transportation,

Electric, Gas

11.1%

Services

20.2%

Other

10.1%

Construction

and Related

Contracting

Services

5.1%

Finance,

Insurance, Real

Estate

12.1%

Retail Trade

10.1%

168 | 2022 Sourcebook

¹ Of the 99 organizational cases, 13 were missing information on the number of employees in the

organization. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

Figure O-5

SIZE OF ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

BY NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

Less than 50

Employees

81.4%

50-99 Employees

2.3%

100-499

Employees

8.1%

500-999

Employees

1.2%

1,000 or More

Employees

7.0%

Organizational Offender Sentencing Data | 169

TYPE OF CRIME

TOTAL

TOTAL 99 9 9.1 46 46.5 30 30.3 14 14.1

Administration of Justice 1 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Antitrust 3 0 0.0 2 66.7 0 0.0 1 33.3

Archaeological Damage 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Public Corruption: Bribery/Gratuity/Extortion 2 0 0.0 1 50.0 0 0.0 1 50.0

Civil Rights 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Contraband 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Drugs 3 0 0.0 2 66.7 1 33.3 0 0.0

Environmental - Water 10 0 0.0 9 90.0 0 0.0 1 10.0

Environmental - Air 7 0 0.0 7 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Environmental - Hazardous/Toxic Pollutants 5 1 20.0 2 40.0 1 20.0 1 20.0

Environmental - Wildlife 3 0 0.0 2 66.7 0 0.0 1 33.3

Import and Export 4 1 25.0 2 50.0 0 0.0 1 25.0

Firearms 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Food, Drugs, Agricultural and Consumer Products 2 1 50.0 0 0.0 1 50.0 0 0.0

Food Stamps 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Forgery 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Fraud 40 2 5.0 10 25.0 22 55.0 6 15.0

Gambling 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Immigration 3 0 0.0 3 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Larceny/Theft/Embezzlement 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 100.0 0 0.0

Motor Vehicles 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Money Laundering 8 3 37.5 3 37.5 2 25.0 0 0.0

Obscenity 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0

Racketeering/Extortion 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Tax 0 0 -- 0 -- 0 -- 0 --

Other 2 0 0.0 1 50.0 0 0.0 1 50.0

Of the 99 organizational cases, the court sentenced the offenders to pay a fine or make restitution in 90 cases. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

FINE AND RESTITUTION FOR ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

FINE ORDERED/

Table O-1

ORDERED

NO FINE O

RESTITUTION

ORDERED/NO FINE

RESTITUTION

BOTH FINE &

RESTITUTION

NO RESTITUTION ORDERED

Fiscal Year 2022

170 | 2022 Sourcebook

TYPE OF CRIME

N Mean Median Sum N Mean Median Sum N Mean Median Sum

TOTAL 60 $9,368,282 $262,500 $562,096,918 44 $255,786,196 $1,480,283 $11,254,592,626 90 $131,296,550 $719,219 $11,816,689,544

Administration of Justice 1 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 1 -- -- --

Antitrust 3 $114,190,561 $1,200,000 $342,571,682 1 -- -- -- 3 $114,350,861 $1,200,000 $343,052,582

Archaeological Damage 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Public Corruption: Bribery/Gratuity/Extortion 2 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 2 -- -- --

Civil 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Contraband 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Drugs 2 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 3 $1,826,307 $500,000 $5,478,921

Environmental - Water 10 $4,222,100 $1,550,000 $42,221,000 1 -- -- -- 10 $4,222,854 $1,550,000 $42,228,538

Environmental - Air 7 $574,921 $100,000 $4,024,450 0 -- -- -- 7 $574,921 $100,000 $4,024,450

Environmental - Hazardous/Toxic Pollutants 3 $1,698,333 $50,000 $5,095,000 2 -- -- -- 4 $1,282,228 $60,741 $5,128,911

Environmental - Wildlife 3 $70,000 $50,000 $210,000 1 -- -- -- 3 $73,699 $50,000 $221,097

Import and Export 3 $55,667 $42,000 $167,000 1 -- -- -- 3 $84,585 $100,000 $253,754

Firearms 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Food, Drugs, Agricultural & Consumer Products 0 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 1 -- -- --

Food Stamps 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Forgery 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Fraud 16 $9,876,730 $250,000 $158,027,686 28 $401,578,952 $13,871,877 $11,244,210,649 38 $300,058,904 $2,902,985 $11,402,238,335

Gambling 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Immigration 3 $121,667 $100,000 $365,000 0 -- -- -- 3 $121,667 $100,000 $365,000

Larceny/Theft/Embezzlement 0 -- -- -- 2 -- -- -- 2 -- -- --

Motor Vehicles 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Money Laundering 3 $918,333 $1,100,000 $2,755,000 2 -- -- -- 5 $1,288,413 $1,100,000 $6,442,063

Obscenity 0 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 1 -- -- --

Racketeering/Extortion 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Tax 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- -- 0 -- -- --

Other 2 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 2 -- -- --

Of the 99 organizational cases, the court sentenced the offenders to pay a fine or make restitution in 90 cases. Fine information includes either fines and/or the cost of supervision. Descriptions of variables used in

this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

Table O-2

FINE ORDERED RESTITUTION ORDERED

FINE OR RESTITUTION ORDERED

AMOUNT OF FINE AND RESTITUTION ORDERED FOR ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

Organizational Offender Sentencing Data | 171

¹ This figure includes the 99 organizational cases reported to the Commission. Descriptions of variables

used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

Figure O-6

APPLICATION OF CHAPTER EIGHT FINE GUIDELINES

Fiscal Year 2022

Fine Guidelines

Applied

35.4%

Fine Guidelines

Not Applied

64.6%

172 | 2022 Sourcebook

SENTENCING COMPONENTS

Disposition N %

Guilty Plea 91 91.9

Nolo Contendere 0 0.0

Bench Trial 1 1.0

Trial By Jury 7 7.1

TOTAL 99 100.0

Probation

Probation Ordered 74 74.7

Probation Not Ordered 25 25.3

TOTAL 99 100.0

Court Ordered Compliance/Ethics

Program Ordered 21 21.2

No Program Ordered 78 78.8

TOTAL 99 100.0

Inability to Pay

Fine Reduced - Organization Unable to Pa

35 35.4

Organization Able to Pay 64 64.6

TOTAL 99 100.0

Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A. A discussion of a compliance

and ethics program can be found in USSG §8C2.5.

The 'Probation Ordered' category consists of cases in which at least one month of probation was ordered.

The 'Probation Not Ordered' category consists of cases in which less than one month of probation was

ordered, or no probation was ordered.

Organizations in this category were unable to pay either a portion of the fine or the entire fine.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

Table O-3

CHAPTER EIGHT SENTENCING COMPONENTS

Fiscal Year 2022

FOR ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS

Organizational Offender Sentencing Data | 173

¹ Of the 99 organizational cases, the fine guideline was applied in 35 cases. Courts may apply multiple factors, so the total number of

factors may exceed the number of cases in which a culpability factor was applied. A description of Chapter Eight culpability factors

can be found in USSG §8C2.5. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

Figure O-7

CULPABILITY FACTORS APPLIED TO DETERMINE FINES IMPOSED

Fiscal Year 2022

ON ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS

000

Involvement in or

Tolerance of

Criminal Activity

Prior History Violation of

Order

Obstruction of

Justice

Effective

Compliance

Acceptance of

Responsibility

Number of

Organizations

174 | 2022 Sourcebook

Involvement in or Tolerance of Criminal Activity by Authority - §8C2.5(b)

Involvement/tolerance in an organization/unit of 5,000+ employees 0 0.0

Involvement/tolerance in an organization/unit of 1,000+ employees 1 2.9

Involvement/tolerance in an organization/unit of 200+ employees 2 5.7

Involvement/tolerance in an organization/unit of 50+ employees 4 11.4

Involvement/tolerance in an organization/unit of ten or more employees 9 25.7

No involvement/tolerance OR fewer than ten employees 19 54.3

TOTAL 35 100.0

Prior History - §8C2.5(c)

One similar criminal/two similar administrative violations within ten years 0 0.0

One similar criminal/two similar administrative violations within five years 1 2.9

Organization had no prior record 34 97.1

TOTAL 35 100.0

Violation of an Order - §8C2.5(d)

Organization violated a judicial order or condition of probation for similar conduct 0 0.0

Organization violated condition of probation 0 0.0

Organization did not violate an order or probation 35 100.0

TOTAL 35 100.0

Obstruction of Justice - §8C2.5(e)

0 0.0

Organization did not obstruct justice 35 100.0

TOTAL 35 100.0

Effective Compliance and Ethics Program - §8C2.5(f)

0 0.0

Organization had no compliance and ethics program 35 100.0

TOTAL 35 100.0

Self-Reporting, Cooperation, and Acceptance of Responsibility - §8C2.5(g)

2 5.7

Cooperated with investigation 17 48.6

12 34.3

Organization did not self-report, cooperate, or accept responsibility 4 11.4

TOTAL 35 100.0

Of the 99 organizational cases, the fine guideline was applied in 35 cases. For the remaining 64 cases, the fine guideline was not applied or data

on the application of the fine guidelines were missing. A description of Chapter Eight culpability factors can be found in USSG §8C2.5. Descriptions

of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Organizational Datafile, CORPFY22.

Reported offense to governmental authorities

Accepted responsibility

Organization did have an effective compliance and ethics program

Table O-4

CULPABILITY FACTORS FOR ORGANIZATIONAL OFFENDERS

Fiscal Year 2022

Organization obstructed justice

SENTENCING APPEALS

176 | 2022 Sourcebook

¹ Of the 7,208 appeals cases, 168 were excluded because the type of appeal was 'unknown'. Of these, 7,001 involved an appeal

by the offender, 27 involved an appeal by the government, and 12 involved a cross appeal. Descriptions of variables used in this

table are provided in Appendix A.

² Of the 104 cases affirmed in part and reversed in part, 100 (96.2%) cases were remanded to the district court.

³ Of the 398 cases reversed, 398 (100.0%) cases were remanded to the district court.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Appeals Datafile, APPFY22.

Figure A

TYPE AND DISPOSITION OF APPEALS CASES

Fiscal Year 2022

Sentence Only

59.2%

Sentence and

Conviction

11.1%

14.8%

Conviction Only

14.9%

TYPE OF APPEAL

Anders Brief

Affirmed

77.3%

Remanded

2.6%

Dismissed

10.0%

Affirmed in Part/

Reversed in Part

2.1%

Reversed

8.0%

DISPOSITION OF SENTENCING APPEALS

2,3

Sentencing Appeals | 177

CIRCUIT Total

District N N % N % N % N %

TOTAL 7,040 4,167 59.2 779 11.1 1,049 14.9 1,045 14.8

D.C. CIRCUIT 31 21 67.7 3 9.7 7 22.6 0 0.0

District of Columbia 31 21 67.7 3 9.7 7 22.6 0 0.0

FIRST CIRCUIT 226 131 58.0 22 9.7 48 21.2 25 11.1

Maine 34 20 58.8 2 5.9 11 32.4 1 2.9

Massachusetts 52 28 53.8 6 11.5 18 34.6 0 0.0

New Hampshire 8 4 50.0 0 0.0 3 37.5 1 12.5

Puerto Rico 125 75 60.0 12 9.6 15 12.0 23 18.4

Rhode Island 7 4 57.1 2 28.6 1 14.3 0 0.0

SECOND CIRCUIT 358 222 62.0 40 11.2 73 20.4 23 6.4

Connecticut 42 20 47.6 10 23.8 5 11.9 7 16.7

New York

Eastern 78 41 52.6 14 17.9 17 21.8 6 7.7

Northern 48 39 81.3 5 10.4 4 8.3 0 0.0

Southern 128 83 64.8 7 5.5 30 23.4 8 6.3

Western 58 37 63.8 4 6.9 16 27.6 1 1.7

Vermont 4 2 50.0 0 0.0 1 25.0 1 25.0

THIRD CIRCUIT 299 182 60.9 35 11.7 71 23.7 11 3.7

Delaware 9 1 11.1 5 55.6 2 22.2 1 11.1

New Jersey 62 42 67.7 6 9.7 14 22.6 0 0.0

Pennsylvania

Eastern 110 75 68.2 10 9.1 22 20.0 3 2.7

Middle 68 41 60.3 4 5.9 18 26.5 5 7.4

Western 40 21 52.5 7 17.5 10 25.0 2 5.0

Virgin Islands 10 2 20.0 3 30.0 5 50.0 0 0.0

FOURTH CIRCUIT 1,074 730 68.0 139 12.9 117 10.9 88 8.2

Maryland 97 68 70.1 13 13.4 13 13.4 3 3.1

North Carolina

Eastern 252 168 66.7 47 18.7 20 7.9 17 6.7

Middle 142 81 57.0 17 12.0 12 8.5 32 22.5

Western 120 73 60.8 22 18.3 11 9.2 14 11.7

South Carolina 156 119 76.3 16 10.3 11 7.1 10 6.4

Virginia

Eastern 165 130 78.8 11 6.7 20 12.1 4 2.4

Western 56 37 66.1 5 8.9 14 25.0 0 0.0

West Virginia

Northern 38 25 65.8 4 10.5 5 13.2 4 10.5

Southern 48 29 60.4 4 8.3 11 22.9 4 8.3

Conviction Onl

Sentence and

Conviction

Sentence Only

Anders Brief

Table A-1

Fiscal Year 2022

TYPE OF APPEAL IN EACH CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT

178 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT Total

District N N % N % N % N %

FIFTH CIRCUIT 1,673 789 47.2 145 8.7 168 10.0 571 34.1

Louisiana

Eastern 33 12 36.4 4 12.1 14 42.4 3 9.1

Middle 19 5 26.3 1 5.3 3 15.8 10 52.6

Western 67 43 64.2 6 9.0 9 13.4 9 13.4

Mississippi

Northern 11 11 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 54 39 72.2 5 9.3 6 11.1 4 7.4

Texas

Eastern 85 35 41.2 6 7.1 15 17.6 29 34.1

Northern 466 174 37.3 27 5.8 40 8.6 225 48.3

Southern 351 117 33.3 23 6.6 34 9.7 177 50.4

Western 587 353 60.1 73 12.4 47 8.0 114 19.4

SIXTH CIRCUIT 690 446 64.6 75 10.9 117 17.0 52 7.5

Kentucky

Eastern 105 70 66.7 14 13.3 16 15.2 5 4.8

Western 25 10 40.0 4 16.0 9 36.0 2 8.0

Michigan

Eastern 79 64 81.0 4 5.1 5 6.3 6 7.6

Western 103 61 59.2 16 15.5 15 14.6 11 10.7

Ohio

Northern 149 98 65.8 17 11.4 23 15.4 11 7.4

Southern 36 19 52.8 1 2.8 12 33.3 4 11.1

Tennessee

Eastern 87 65 74.7 7 8.0 12 13.8 3 3.4

Middle 30 21 70.0 4 13.3 5 16.7 0 0.0

Western 76 38 50.0 8 10.5 20 26.3 10 13.2

SEVENTH CIRCUIT 376 234 62.2 33 8.8 58 15.4 51 13.6

Illinois

Central 66 50 75.8 2 3.0 9 13.6 5 7.6

Northern 101 59 58.4 11 10.9 21 20.8 10 9.9

Southern 49 33 67.3 4 8.2 4 8.2 8 16.3

Indiana

Northern 47 28 59.6 5 10.6 5 10.6 9 19.1

Southern 60 35 58.3 9 15.0 5 8.3 11 18.3

Wisconsin

Eastern 15 6 40.0 0 0.0 7 46.7 2 13.3

Western 38 23 60.5 2 5.3 7 18.4 6 15.8

EIGHTH CIRCUIT 792 509 64.3 78 9.8 96 12.1 109 13.8

Arkansas

Eastern 56 41 73.2 8 14.3 6 10.7 1 1.8

Western 54 35 64.8 1 1.9 2 3.7 16 29.6

Iowa

Northern 99 60 60.6 10 10.1 10 10.1 19 19.2

Southern 190 115 60.5 23 12.1 15 7.9 37 19.5

Minnesota 69 46 66.7 7 10.1 12 17.4 4 5.8

Missouri

Eastern 63 46 73.0 1 1.6 9 14.3 7 11.1

Western 121 91 75.2 6 5.0 11 9.1 13 10.7

Nebraska 49 29 59.2 8 16.3 8 16.3 4 8.2

North Dakota 43 28 65.1 6 14.0 7 16.3 2 4.7

South Dakota 48 18 37.5 8 16.7 16 33.3 6 12.5

Conviction Onl

Table A-1 (cont.)

Sentence and

ConvictionSentence Only

Anders Brief

Sentencing Appeals | 179

CIRCUIT Total

District N N % N % N % N %

NINTH CIRCUIT 593 328 55.3 96 16.2 142 23.9 27 4.6

Alaska 25 20 80.0 1 4.0 4 16.0 0 0.0

Arizona 74 38 51.4 9 12.2 17 23.0 10 13.5

California

Central 96 50 52.1 15 15.6 28 29.2 3 3.1

Eastern 49 32 65.3 8 16.3 7 14.3 2 4.1

Northern 53 21 39.6 8 15.1 22 41.5 2 3.8

Southern 73 40 54.8 17 23.3 15 20.5 1 1.4

Guam 3 1 33.3 1 33.3 1 33.3 0 0.0

Hawaii 41 32 78.0 2 4.9 4 9.8 3 7.3

Idaho 26 18 69.2 5 19.2 3 11.5 0 0.0

Montana 45 23 51.1 3 6.7 18 40.0 1 2.2

Nevada 42 19 45.2 16 38.1 5 11.9 2 4.8

Northern Mariana Islands 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0

Oregon 17 8 47.1 0 0.0 9 52.9 0 0.0

Washington

Eastern 24 14 58.3 7 29.2 3 12.5 0 0.0

Western 24 12 50.0 4 16.7 5 20.8 3 12.5

TENTH CIRCUIT 249 151 60.6 26 10.4 56 22.5 16 6.4

Colorado 45 28 62.2 4 8.9 12 26.7 1 2.2

Kansas 45 26 57.8 2 4.4 10 22.2 7 15.6

New Mexico 45 23 51.1 9 20.0 11 24.4 2 4.4

Oklahoma

Eastern 19 12 63.2 0 0.0 7 36.8 0 0.0

Northern 20 12 60.0 4 20.0 3 15.0 1 5.0

Western 46 32 69.6 5 10.9 5 10.9 4 8.7

Utah 11 7 63.6 1 9.1 3 27.3 0 0.0

Wyoming 18 11 61.1 1 5.6 5 27.8 1 5.6

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 679 424 62.4 87 12.8 96 14.1 72 10.6

Alabama

Middle 15 9 60.0 2 13.3 4 26.7 0 0.0

Northern 43 17 39.5 4 9.3 10 23.3 12 27.9

Southern 36 20 55.6 6 16.7 7 19.4 3 8.3

Florida

Middle 219 134 61.2 25 11.4 29 13.2 31 14.2

Northern 72 52 72.2 8 11.1 6 8.3 6 8.3

Southern 153 113 73.9 22 14.4 14 9.2 4 2.6

Georgia

Middle 46 29 63.0 3 6.5 8 17.4 6 13.0

Northern 61 35 57.4 9 14.8 14 23.0 3 4.9

Southern 34 15 44.1 8 23.5 4 11.8 7 20.6

¹ Of the 7,208 appeals cases, 168 were excluded because the type of appeal was 'unknown'. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Appeals Datafile, APPFY22.

Conviction Onl

Sentence and

Conviction

Anders Brief

Sentence Only

Table A-1 (cont.)

180 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT

District Total N % N

% N % N %

TOTAL 2,585 1,816 70.3 255 255 9.9 85 81 3.3 361 14.0 68 2.6

D.C. CIRCUIT 12 9 75.0 2 2 16.7 0 0 0.0 1 8.3 0 0.0

District of Columbia 12 9 75.0 2 2 16.7 0 0 0.0 1 8.3 0 0.0

FIRST CIRCUIT 88 62 70.5 12 12 13.6 1 1 1.1 11 12.5 2 2.3

Maine 15 15 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Massachusetts 17 14 82.4 1 1 5.9 0 0 0.0 1 5.9 1 5.9

New Hampshire 3 3 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Puerto Rico 51 28 54.9 11 11 21.6 1 1 2.0 10 19.6 1 2.0

Rhode Island 2 2 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

SECOND CIRCUIT 142 82 57.7 13 13 9.2 10 10 7.0 31 21.8 6 4.2

Connecticut 23 15 65.2 1 1 4.3 2 2 8.7 5 21.7 0 0.0

New York

Eastern 30 18 60.0 3 3 10.0 3 3 10.0 3 10.0 3 10.0

Northern 23 8 34.8 7 7 30.4 2 2 8.7 5 21.7 1 4.3

Southern 44 25 56.8 2 2 4.5 2 2 4.5 13 29.5 2 4.5

Western 21 15 71.4 0 0 0.0 1 1 4.8 5 23.8 0 0.0

Vermont 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

THIRD CIRCUIT 77 53 68.8 10 10 13.0 6 5 7.8 5 6.5 3 3.9

Delaware 6 1 16.7 2 2 33.3 1 0 16.7 0 0.0 2 33.3

New Jersey 14 11 78.6 2 2 14.3 0 0 0.0 1 7.1 0 0.0

Pennsylvania

Eastern 22 13 59.1 4 4 18.2 4 4 18.2 0 0.0 1 4.5

Middle 17 13 76.5 2 2 11.8 1 1 5.9 1 5.9 0 0.0

Western 14 12 85.7 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 2 14.3 0 0.0

Virgin Islands 4 3 75.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 1 25.0 0 0.0

FOURTH CIRCUIT 366 196 53.6 74 74 20.2 10 10 2.7 80 21.9 6 1.6

Maryland 27 13 48.1 6 6 22.2 1 1 3.7 7 25.9 0 0.0

North Carolina

Eastern 126 53 42.1 35 35 27.8 4 4 3.2 33 26.2 1 0.8

Middle 57 40 70.2 9 9 15.8 1 1 1.8 7 12.3 0 0.0

Western 45 26 57.8 4 4 8.9 1 1 2.2 12 26.7 2 4.4

South Carolina 40 26 65.0 9 9 22.5 0 0 0.0 5 12.5 0 0.0

Virginia

Eastern 27 14 51.9 4 4 14.8 2 2 7.4 6 22.2 1 3.7

Western 15 13 86.7 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 2 13.3 0 0.0

West Virginia

Northern 14 5 35.7 5 5 35.7 1 1 7.1 3 21.4 0 0.0

Southern 15 6 40.0 2 2 13.3 0 0 0.0 5 33.3 2 13.3

Table A-2

Fiscal Year 2022

DISPOSITION OF OFFENDER ORIGINAL SENTENCING APPEALS

IN EACH CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT

Affirmed RemandedAffirmed and Reversed DismissedReversed

Sentencing Appeals | 181

CIRCUIT

District Total N % N

% N % N %

FIFTH CIRCUIT 649 496 76.4 43 43 6.6 18 17 2.8 60 9.2 32 4.9

Louisiana

Eastern 8 3 37.5 0 0 0.0 2 2 25.0 3 37.5 0 0.0

Middle 2 2 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 37 32 86.5 3 3 8.1 0 0 0.0 1 2.7 1 2.7

Mississippi

Northern 3 3 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 21 7 33.3 1 1 4.8 0 0 0.0 13 61.9 0 0.0

Texas

Eastern 22 13 59.1 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 6 27.3 3 13.6

Northern 154 108 70.1 9 9 5.8 1 1 0.6 29 18.8 7 4.5

Southern 106 71 67.0 13 13 12.3 6 6 5.7 5 4.7 11 10.4

Western 296 257 86.8 17 17 5.7 9 8 3.0 3 1.0 10 3.4

SIXTH CIRCUIT 242 194 80.2 16 16 6.6 5 5 2.1 26 10.7 1 0.4

Kentucky

Eastern 38 33 86.8 3 3 7.9 0 0 0.0 2 5.3 0 0.0

Western 3 3 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Michigan

Eastern 15 11 73.3 1 1 6.7 0 0 0.0 3 20.0 0 0.0

Western 46 41 89.1 2 2 4.3 0 0 0.0 2 4.3 1 2.2

Ohio

Northern 57 42 73.7 2 2 3.5 5 5 8.8 8 14.0 0 0.0

Southern 7 5 71.4 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 2 28.6 0 0.0

Tennessee

Eastern 40 32 80.0 5 5 12.5 0 0 0.0 3 7.5 0 0.0

Middle 11 11 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 25 16 64.0 3 3 12.0 0 0 0.0 6 24.0 0 0.0

SEVENTH CIRCUIT 112 78 69.6 20 20 17.9 2 1 1.8 10 8.9 2 1.8

Illinois

Central 18 12 66.7 3 3 16.7 0 0 0.0 3 16.7 0 0.0

Northern 35 27 77.1 7 7 20.0 1 1 2.9 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 12 9 75.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 2 16.7 1 8.3

Indiana

Northern 12 7 58.3 3 3 25.0 0 0 0.0 1 8.3 1 8.3

Southern 22 13 59.1 5 5 22.7 1 0 4.5 3 13.6 0 0.0

Wisconsin

Eastern 2 1 50.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 1 50.0 0 0.0

Western 11 9 81.8 2 2 18.2 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

EIGHTH CIRCUIT 322 257 79.8 11 11 3.4 4 3 1.2 44 13.7 6 1.9

Arkansas

Eastern 31 14 45.2 3 3 9.7 0 0 0.0 12 38.7 2 6.5

Western 27 23 85.2 1 1 3.7 1 0 3.7 2 7.4 0 0.0

Iowa

Northern 34 30 88.2 0 0 0.0 1 1 2.9 3 8.8 0 0.0

Southern 92 82 89.1 4 4 4.3 1 1 1.1 3 3.3 2 2.2

Minnesota 31 25 80.6 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 6 19.4 0 0.0

Missouri

Eastern 23 19 82.6 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 4 17.4 0 0.0

Western 33 24 72.7 1 1 3.0 1 1 3.0 6 18.2 1 3.0

Nebraska 18 15 83.3 1 1 5.6 0 0 0.0 1 5.6 1 5.6

North Dakota 15 10 66.7 1 1 6.7 0 0 0.0 4 26.7 0 0.0

South Dakota 18 15 83.3 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 3 16.7 0 0.0

RemandedAffirmed and ReversedAffirmed

Table A-2 (cont.)

Reversed Dismissed

182 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT

District Total N % N

% N % N %

NINTH CIRCUIT 201 123 61.2 25 25 12.4 22 22 10.9 25 12.4 6 3.0

Alaska 5 3 60.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 2 40.0 0 0.0

Arizona 18 11 61.1 2 2 11.1 3 3 16.7 1 5.6 1 5.6

California

Central 36 22 61.1 6 6 16.7 2 2 5.6 5 13.9 1 2.8

Eastern 19 14 73.7 2 2 10.5 2 2 10.5 1 5.3 0 0.0

Northern 16 9 56.3 5 5 31.3 2 2 12.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 37 23 62.2 6 6 16.2 5 5 13.5 2 5.4 1 2.7

Guam 2 1 50.0 0 0 0.0 1 1 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Hawaii 8 6 75.0 0 0 0.0 1 1 12.5 1 12.5 0 0.0

Idaho 14 6 42.9 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 7 50.0 1 7.1

Montana 6 4 66.7 0 0 0.0 1 1 16.7 1 16.7 0 0.0

Nevada 21 13 61.9 2 2 9.5 2 2 9.5 3 14.3 1 4.8

Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Oregon 4 3 75.0 1 1 25.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Washington

Eastern 12 7 58.3 0 0 0.0 2 2 16.7 2 16.7 1 8.3

Western 3 1 33.3 1 1 33.3 1 1 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

TENTH CIRCUIT 104 55 52.9 16 16 15.4 3 3 2.9 29 27.9 1 1.0

Colorado 16 7 43.8 0 0 0.0 1 1 6.3 7 43.8 1 6.3

Kansas 12 4 33.3 5 5 41.7 0 0 0.0 3 25.0 0 0.0

New Mexico 24 12 50.0 2 2 8.3 1 1 4.2 9 37.5 0 0.0

Oklahoma

Eastern 6 4 66.7 2 2 33.3 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 14 8 57.1 1 1 7.1 0 0 0.0 5 35.7 0 0.0

Western 23 16 69.6 3 3 13.0 1 1 4.3 3 13.0 0 0.0

Utah 4 1 25.0 1 1 25.0 0 0 0.0 2 50.0 0 0.0

Wyoming 5 3 60.0 2 2 40.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 270 211 78.1 13 13 4.8 4 4 1.5 39 14.4 3 1.1

Alabama

Middle 8 5 62.5 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 3 37.5 0 0.0

Northern 12 9 75.0 0 0 0.0 1 1 8.3 2 16.7 0 0.0

Southern 12 9 75.0 0 0 0.0 1 1 8.3 2 16.7 0 0.0

Florida

Middle 90 65 72.2 8 8 8.9 1 1 1.1 15 16.7 1 1.1

Northern 38 36 94.7 1 1 2.6 1 1 2.6 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 54 45 83.3 3 3 5.6 0 0 0.0 6 11.1 0 0.0

Georgia

Middle 17 14 82.4 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 3 17.6 0 0.0

Northern 24 15 62.5 1 1 4.2 0 0 0.0 6 25.0 2 8.3

Southern 15 13 86.7 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 2 13.3 0 0.0

¹ Of the 7,208 appeals cases, 2,585 involved an appeal of the original sentence by the offender. The remaining appeals cases involved the following: type of appeal

was 'conviction only' (1,049), 'Anders Brief' (1,045), 'unknown' (168), the appeal was by the government only (26), the appeal was of an issue related to a post sentencing

matter (1,921), and/or the appeal was of a sentence imposed upon the revocation of probation or supervised release (420). Descriptions of variables used in this table are

provided in Appendix A.

² 'Remanded' includes cases that were remanded for sentencing purposes.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Appeals Datafile, APPFY22.

Dismissed

Table A-2 (cont.)

Affirmed Reversed Affirmed and Reversed Remanded

Sentencing Appeals | 183

CIRCUIT

District Total N % N

% N % N %

TOTAL 27 10 37.0 17 17 63.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

D.C. CIRCUIT 1 0 0.0 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

District of Columbia 1 0 0.0 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

FIRST CIRCUIT 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Maine 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Massachusetts 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

New Hampshire 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Puerto Rico 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Rhode Island 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

SECOND CIRCUIT 2 1 50.0 1 1 50.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Connecticut 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

New York

Eastern 1 0 0.0 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Vermont 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

THIRD CIRCUIT 3 2 66.7 1 1 33.3 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Delaware 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

New Jersey 1 0 0.0 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Pennsylvania

Eastern 2 2 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Middle 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Virgin Islands 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

FOURTH CIRCUIT 2 0 0.0 2 2 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Maryland 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

North Carolina

Eastern 1 0 0.0 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Middle 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 1 0 0.0 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

South Carolina 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Virginia

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

West Virginia

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Table A-3

Fiscal Year 2022

DISPOSITION OF GOVERNMENT ORIGINAL SENTENCING APPEALS

IN EACH CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT

Affirmed RemandedAffirmed and Reversed DismissedReversed

184 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT

District Total N % N

% N % N %

FIFTH CIRCUIT 6 1 16.7 5 5 83.3 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Louisiana

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Middle 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Mississippi

Northern 1 0 0.0 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Texas

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 4 1 25.0 3 3 75.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 1 0 0.0 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

SIXTH CIRCUIT 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Kentucky

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Michigan

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Ohio

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Tennessee

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Middle 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

SEVENTH CIRCUIT 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Illinois

Central 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Indiana

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Wisconsin

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

EIGHTH CIRCUIT 3 3 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Arkansas

Eastern 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Iowa

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Minnesota 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Missouri

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Nebraska 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

North Dakota 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

South Dakota 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

RemandedAffirmed and ReversedAffirmed

Table A-3 (cont.)

Reversed Dismissed

Sentencing Appeals | 185

CIRCUIT

District Total N % N

% N % N %

NINTH CIRCUIT 3 0 0.0 3 3 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Alaska 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Arizona 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

California

Central 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Guam 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Hawaii 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Idaho 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Montana 3 0 0.0 3 3 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Nevada 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Oregon 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Washington

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

TENTH CIRCUIT 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Colorado 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Kansas 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

New Mexico 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Oklahoma

Eastern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Utah 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Wyoming 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 5 1 20.0 4 4 80.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Alabama

Middle 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 2 1 50.0 1 1 50.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Florida

Middle 2 0 0.0 2 2 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Georgia

Middle 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 1 0 0.0 1 1 100.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

¹ Of the 7,208 appeals cases, 27 involved an appeal of the original sentence by the government. The remaining appeals cases involved the following: type of appeal was

conviction only' (1,049), 'Anders Brief' (1,045), 'unknown' (168), the appeal was by the offender only (4,913), the appeal was of an issue related to a post sentencing

matter (1,921), and/or the appeal was of a sentence imposed upon the revocation of probation or supervised release (420). Descriptions of variables used in this table are

provided in Appendix A.

² 'Remanded' includes cases that were remanded for sentencing purposes.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Appeals Datafile, APPFY22.

Dismissed

Table A-3 (cont.)

Affirmed Reversed Affirmed and Reversed Remanded

186 | 2022 Sourcebook

GUIDELINE N %

NUMBER OF OFFENDER APPEALS 406 --

§5D1.3 (Conditions of Supervised Release) 108 26.6

§5E1.1 (Restitution) 33 8.1

§2K2.1 (Firearms) 30 7.4

§4B1.4 (Armed Career Criminal) 27 6.7

§4B1.2 (Definitions for Career Offender) 25 6.2

§2B1.1 (Larceny, Embezzlement, and Theft) 15 3.7

§2D1.1 (Drug Trafficking) 12 3.0

§5G1.3 (Imposition of Sentence; Defendant Subject to Undischarged Term of Prison) 9 2.2

§4A1.2 (Definitions and Instructions of Criminal History) 8 2.0

§5C1.1 (Imposition of a Term of Imprisonment) 8 2.0

§5E1.4 (Forfeiture) 8 2.0

§2L1.1 (Smuggling, Transporting, or Harboring an Unlawful Alien) 8 2.0

§4B1.1 (Career Offender) 6 1.5

§5G1.2 (Sentencing on Multiple Counts of Conviction) 6 1.5

§2L1.2 (Unlawfully Entering or Remaining in the United States) 6 1.5

§4A1.1 (Criminal History Category) 5 1.2

§5C1.2 (Limitation on Applicability of Statutory Minimums) 5 1.2

§1B1.3 (Relevant Conduct) 5 1.2

§3E1.1 (Acceptance of Responsibility) 5 1.2

§2G2.2 (Trafficking Material Involving Sexual Exploitation of Minors) 5 1.2

§3C1.1 (Obstruction of Justice) 5 1.2

§5D1.2 (Terms of Supervised Release) 5 1.2

§6A1.3 (Resolution of Disputed Factors) 5 1.2

§2E1.1 (Unlawful Conduct Relating to Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations

)

4 1.0

§3B1.2 (Mitigating Role) 4 1.0

§5G1.1 (Sentencing on a Single Count of Conviction) 4 1.0

§5D1.1 (Imposition of a Term of Supervised Release) 4 1.0

§1B1.7 (Significance of Commentary) 4 1.0

Reasonableness Issues 367 90.4

Other Non-guideline Issues 209 51.5

Other Guidelines 48 11.8

Constitutional Issues 6 1.5

¹ Based on 2,585 appeals by offenders of the original sentence. Of these 2,585 appeals, 2,179 were excluded because the lower court

sentence was affirmed by the circuit court. Often more than one issue was appealed; consequently, the number of guidelines or other issues

listed is more than the number of cases appealed by the offender and the percent column (%) does not add to 100%. If more than one

issue involving a guideline was appealed in the same appeal that guideline was counted only once. The 'Other Guideline' category

includes all guidelines appealed less than four times. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Appeals Datafile, APPFY22.

Table A-4

GUIDELINE FORMING THE BASIS FOR REVERSAL OR REMAND IN

OFFENDER APPEALS OF THE ORIGINAL SENTENCE

Fiscal Year 2022

Sentencing Appeals | 187

GUIDELINE N %

NUMBER OF GOVERNMENT APPEALS 17 --

§4B1.4 (Armed Career Criminal) 4 23.5

§2K1.3 (Unlawful Receipt/Possession/Transportation of Explosive Materials) 3 17.6

§4B1.2 (Definitions for Career Offender) 3 17.6

§5G1.1 (Sentencing on a Single Count of Conviction) 2 11.8

§5E1.4 (Forfeiture) 1 5.9

§5E1.1 (Restitution) 1 5.9

§2B1.6 (Aggravated Identity Theft) 1 5.9

Reasonableness Issues 15 88.2

Other Non-guideline Issues 8 47.1

¹ Based on 27 appeals by the government of the original sentence. Of these 27 appeals, ten were excluded because the lower court

sentence was affirmed by the circuit court. Often more than one issue was appealed; consequently, the number of guidelines or other issues

listed is more than the number of cases appealed by the government and the percent column (%) does not add to 100%. If more than one

issue involving a guideline was appealed in the same appeal that guideline was counted only once. Descriptions of variables used in this

table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Appeals Datafile, APPFY22.

Table A-5

GUIDELINE FORMING THE BASIS FOR REVERSAL OR REMAND IN

GOVERNMENT APPEALS OF THE ORIGINAL SENTENCE

Fiscal Year 2022

188 | 2022 Sourcebook

ISSUE N%

REASONABLENESS ISSUES 433 100.0

Procedural: Court improperly calculated guideline range 373 86.1

Procedural: Court did not adequately explain the chosen sentence 33 7.6

Procedural: Court selected a sentence based on clearly erroneous facts 12 2.8

Procedural: Court failed to address/improperly considered 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors 9 2.1

Substantive: Unreasonable weighing decision 3 0.7

Substantive: General 2 0.5

Procedural: General 1 0.2

¹ Based on 4,946 appeals where the sentence imposed was at least one of the reasons for appeal. Of these 4,946 cases, 2,605 were

appeals of the original sentence. Of these 2,605 appeals of the original sentence, 421 were reversed or remanded. Often more than one

reasonableness issue was appealed; consequently, the number of issues may be more than the number of sentencing appeals that were

reversed or remanded. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Appeals Datafile, APPFY22.

Table A-6

REASONABLENESS ISSUES APPEALED IN CASES WHERE TH

ORIGINAL SENTENCE WAS REVERSED OR REMANDED

Fiscal Year 2022

Sentencing Appeals | 189

OFFENSE AND OFFENDER

CHARACTERISTICS

N% N%

Race

White 678 26.1

14,629 23.0

Black 992 38.2 16,061 25.2

Hispanic 807 31.1 30,200 47.4

Other 117 4.5 2,776 4.4

TOTAL 2,594 100.0 63,666 100.0

Gender

Male 2,443 94.1

55,436 86.5

Female 154 5.9

8,662 13.5

TOTAL 2,597 100.0

64,098 100.0

Education

Less than High School Graduate 935 36.5

25,347 41.4

High School Graduate 945 36.9 21,104 34.5

Some College 483 18.9

11,216 18.3

College Graduate 199 7.8

3,532 5.8

TOTAL 2,562 100.0

61,199 100.0

Citizenship

U.S. Citizen 2,043 78.8

43,947 68.8

Non-U.S. Citizen 551 21.2

19,894 31.2

TOTAL 2,594 100.0 63,841 100.0

Criminal History Category

Category I 718 27.7

26,378 41.4

Category II 223 8.6 8,817 13.8

Category III 393 15.2

10,866 17.0

Category IV 368 14.2

6,580 10.3

Category V 296 11.4

4,250 6.7

Category VI 592 22.9

6,873 10.8

TOTAL 2,590 100.0 63,764 100.0

Mandatory Minimum

No Mandatory Minimum 1,381 53.2

45,768 71.4

Gun Mandatory Minimum 299 11.5 2,047 3.2

Drug Mandatory Minimum 541 20.8

12,308 19.2

Gun and Drug Mandatory Minimum 91 3.5

960 1.5

Other Mandatory Minimum 285 11.0

3,059 4.8

TOTAL 2,597 100.0

64,142 100.0

¹ Based on 4,946 appeals cases where the sentence imposed was at least one of the reasons for appeal. Of these 4,946 cases, 2,605 were appeals

of the original sentence. These cases were merged with the U.S. Sentencing Commission's Monitoring Datafiles from 1989 - 2022 (MONFY89,

MONFY90, USSCFY91 - USSCFY22). Of the 2,605 cases, eight could not be matched with its original case.

² All individual offender original sentencings in fiscal year 2022. Totals may vary slightly due to the different numbers of missing cases by specific

variables. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Appeals Datafile, APPFY22.

Fiscal Year 2022

Table A-7

APPELLATE COURT CASES

DISTRICT COURT CASES

OFFENSE AND OFFENDER CHARACTERISTICS IN

ORIGINAL SENTENCE APPEALS CASES

190 | 2022 Sourcebook

Mean Median Mean Median

Mths Mths Mths Mths

TOTAL 2,596 100.0 147 120 64,141 100.0 51 26

Administration of Justice 18 0.7 54 29 651 1.0 12 8

Antitrust 0 0.0 -- -- 8 0.0 5 0

Arson 15 0.6 195 174 106 0.2 45 42

Assault 50 1.9 181 144 850 1.3 64 42

Bribery/Corruption 12 0.5 96 94 360 0.6 19 12

Burglary/Trespass 3 0.1 51 48 112 0.2 18 10

Child Pornography 92 3.5 172 154 1,435 2.2 110 96

Commercialized Vice 3 0.1 83 46 73 0.1 24 16

Drug Possession 3 0.1 24 24 296 0.5 2 0

Drug Trafficking 787 30.3 184 168 19,938 31.1 78 60

Environmental 1 0.0 -- -- 153 0.2 4 0

Extortion/Racketeering 6 0.2 98 72 121 0.2 61 27

Firearms 562 21.6 113 96 9,318 14.5 49 39

Food and Drug 0 0.0 -- -- 40 0.1 11 0

Forgery/Counter/Copyright 7 0.3 42 27 111 0.2 16 12

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement 199 7.7 83 60 5,520 8.6 22 12

Immigration 329 12.7 37 30 17,652 27.5 12 8

Individual Rights 6 0.2 107 80 92 0.1 41 18

Kidnapping 21 0.8 266 252 128 0.2 184 160

Manslaughter 5 0.2 176 228 80 0.1 86 68

Money Laundering 82 3.2 157 121 1,192 1.9 61 33

Murder 64 2.5 344 360 410 0.6 261 240

National Defense 6 0.2 87 59 180 0.3 35 15

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses 15 0.6 37 30 344 0.5 22 18

Prison Offenses 11 0.4 24 18 499 0.8 12 9

Robbery 114 4.4 193 153 1,444 2.3 106 96

Sexual Abuse 153 5.9 296 292 1,499 2.3 207 180

Stalking/Harassing 16 0.6 77 48 266 0.4 26 18

Tax 14 0.5 51 37 496 0.8 14 9

Other 2 0.1 -- -- 767 1.2 3 0

¹ Based on 4,946 appeals cases where the sentence imposed was at least one of the reasons for appeal. Of these 4,946 cases, 2,605 were appeals

of the original sentence. These cases were merged with the U.S. Sentencing Commission's Monitoring Datafiles from 1989 - 2022 (MONFY89,

MONFY90, USSCFY91 - USSCFY22). Of the 2,605 cases, eight could not be matched with its original case. Of 2,597 matched cases, one was excluded

due to missing information on the sentence imposed. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

² All individual offender original sentencings in fiscal year 2022. Of the 64,142 cases, one was excluded due to missing or indeterminable sentencing

information.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Appeals Datafile, APPFY22.

TYPE OF CRIME N% N%

Table A-8

APPEALS CASES BY TYPE OF CRIME

Fiscal Year 2022

SENTENCE LENGTH FOR OFFENDERS IN ORIGINAL SENTENCE

APPELLATE COURT CASES

DISTRICT COURT CASES

RESENTENCINGS AND OTHER

MODIFICATIONS OF SENTENCE

192 | 2022 Sourcebook

This figure includes the 3,054 resentencing cases reported to the Commission. Modification of supervision conditions is a type of

resentencing, but information was not collected for this type of case. Descriptions of variables used in this figure are provided in

Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Resentencing Datafile, RESENTFY22.

Figure R

Fiscal Year 2022

DISTRIBUTION OF OFFENDERS BY TYPE OF RESENTENCING

OR OTHER MODIFICATION OF SENTENCE

Remand by Circuit Court

18 U.S.C. § 3742(f)(1)/(2)

17.3%

Substantial Assistance

Fed. R. Crim. P. 35(b)

26.9%

Compelling Reasons

Modification

18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(1)(A)

20.8%

Retroactive Amendment

Modification

18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2)

0.9%

District Court

Motion

28 U.S.C. § 2255

6.5%

District Court Motion

18 U.S.C. § 3559(c)(7)

0.3%

Restitution Order

Modification

18 U.S.C. § 3664

21.0%

Unknown Type

of Resentencing

1.6%

First Step Act

(Sec. 404)

4.6%

Resentencings and Other Modications of Sentence | 193

CIRCUIT

District Total

N% N% N% N% N% N% N% N%

TOTAL 3,004 821 27.3 642 21.4 529 17.6 8 0.3 198 6.6 636 21.2 28 0.9 142 4.7

D.C. CIRCUIT 18 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 22.2 0 0.0 3 16.7 8 44.4 0 0.0 3 16.7

District of Columbia 18 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 22.2 0 0.0 3 16.7 8 44.4 0 0.0 3 16.7

FIRST CIRCUIT 73 5 6.8 24 32.9 17 23.3 0 0.0 6 8.2 18 24.7 3 4.1 0 0.0

Maine 6 1 16.7 5 83.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Massachusetts 22 2 9.1 11 50.0 4 18.2 0 0.0 2 9.1 3 13.6 0 0.0 0 0.0

New Hampshire 12 1 8.3 3 25.0 1 8.3 0 0.0 1 8.3 6 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Puerto Rico 28 1 3.6 3 10.7 12 42.9 0 0.0 3 10.7 6 21.4 3 10.7 0 0.0

Rhode Island 5 0 0.0 2 40.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 60.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

SECOND CIRCUIT 172 9 5.2 43 25.0 36 20.9 1 0.6 21 12.2 55 32.0 2 1.2 5 2.9

Connecticut 19 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 21.1 0 0.0 2 10.5 11 57.9 0 0.0 2 10.5

New York

Eastern 51 3 5.9 8 15.7 15 29.4 0 0.0 4 7.8 18 35.3 2 3.9 1 2.0

Northern 15 0 0.0 6 40.0 5 33.3 1 6.7 1 6.7 2 13.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 64 6 9.4 21 32.8 9 14.1 0 0.0 13 20.3 14 21.9 0 0.0 1 1.6

Western 14 0 0.0 5 35.7 3 21.4 0 0.0 1 7.1 5 35.7 0 0.0 0 0.0

Vermont 9 0 0.0 3 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 55.6 0 0.0 1 11.1

THIRD CIRCUIT 126 12 9.5 23 18.3 41 32.5 0 0.0 15 11.9 23 18.3 2 1.6 10 7.9

Delaware 3 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

New Jersey 28 2 7.1 8 28.6 7 25.0 0 0.0 1 3.6 9 32.1 0 0.0 1 3.6

Pennsylvania

Eastern 38 2 5.3 3 7.9 9 23.7 0 0.0 12 31.6 6 15.8 0 0.0 6 15.8

Middle 43 4 9.3 11 25.6 18 41.9 0 0.0 1 2.3 6 14.0 2 4.7 1 2.3

Western 12 3 25.0 1 8.3 3 25.0 0 0.0 1 8.3 2 16.7 0 0.0 2 16.7

Virgin Islands 2 1 50.0 0 0.0 1 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

FOURTH CIRCUIT 689 171 24.8 96 13.9 108 15.7 0 0.0 58 8.4 197 28.6 3 0.4 56 8.1

Maryland 112 2 1.8 23 20.5 10 8.9 0 0.0 14 12.5 57 50.9 0 0.0 6 5.4

North Carolina

Eastern 89 7 7.9 1 1.1 47 52.8 0 0.0 14 15.7 17 19.1 0 0.0 3 3.4

Middle 38 4 10.5 2 5.3 8 21.1 0 0.0 6 15.8 7 18.4 0 0.0 11 28.9

Western 83 9 10.8 26 31.3 13 15.7 0 0.0 7 8.4 17 20.5 2 2.4 9 10.8

South Carolina 84 23 27.4 17 20.2 9 10.7 0 0.0 6 7.1 20 23.8 0 0.0 9 10.7

Virginia

Eastern 196 114 58.2 5 2.6 9 4.6 0 0.0 9 4.6 46 23.5 0 0.0 13 6.6

Western 60 12 20.0 15 25.0 7 11.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 21 35.0 0 0.0 5 8.3

West Virginia

Northern 17 0 0.0 7 41.2 4 23.5 0 0.0 2 11.8 4 23.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 10 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 10.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 80.0 1 10.0 0 0.0

35(b) 3742(f)(1)/(2) 3559(c)(7) 3582(c)(1)(A)

3582(c)(2)

(Sec. 404)

Modification

18 U.S.C. §

Motion

28 U.S.C. §

3664

Federal

R. Crim. P.

Table R

Fiscal Year 2022

TYPE OF RESENTENCING OR OTHER MODIFICATION OF SENTENCE

IN EACH CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT

Assistance

Restitution

Remand B

District Court

Compelling

ReasonsOrder

Retroactive

AmendmentCourt

DistrictSubstantial

First Step

Act

2255

Modification

18 U.S.C. § 18 U.S.C. §

Modification

18 U.S.C. §

Circuit Court

18 U.S.C. §

Motion

194 | 2022 Sourcebook

CIRCUIT

District Total

N% N% N% N% N% N% N% N%

FIFTH CIRCUIT 337 112 33.2 50 14.8 99 29.4 0 0.0 11 3.3 52 15.4 7 2.1 6 1.8

Louisiana

Eastern 13 2 15.4 6 46.2 1 7.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 23.1 0 0.0 1 7.7

Middle 6 0 0.0 5 83.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 16.7

Western 11 3 27.3 1 9.1 4 36.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 18.2 0 0.0 1 9.1

Mississippi

Northern 8 5 62.5 1 12.5 1 12.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 12.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 20 14 70.0 0 0.0 1 5.0 0 0.0 2 10.0 2 10.0 1 5.0 0 0.0

Texas

Eastern 51 36 70.6 7 13.7 2 3.9 0 0.0 1 2.0 4 7.8 1 2.0 0 0.0

Northern 63 9 14.3 7 11.1 30 47.6 0 0.0 6 9.5 10 15.9 0 0.0 1 1.6

Southern 94 17 18.1 20 21.3 28 29.8 0 0.0 1 1.1 26 27.7 2 2.1 0 0.0

Western 71 26 36.6 3 4.2 32 45.1 0 0.0 1 1.4 4 5.6 3 4.2 2 2.8

SIXTH CIRCUIT 213 47 22.1 71 33.3 41 19.2 0 0.0 18 8.5 23 10.8 3 1.4 10 4.7

Kentucky

Eastern 53 7 13.2 39 73.6 5 9.4 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 3.8 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 6 0 0.0 1 16.7 1 16.7 0 0.0 1 16.7 2 33.3 0 0.0 1 16.7

Michigan

Eastern 37 6 16.2 14 37.8 8 21.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 18.9 0 0.0 2 5.4

Western 21 8 38.1 6 28.6 3 14.3 0 0.0 3 14.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 4.8

Ohio

Northern 23 2 8.7 5 21.7 10 43.5 0 0.0 4 17.4 2 8.7 0 0.0 0 0.0

Southern 10 4 40.0 2 20.0 1 10.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 20.0 0 0.0 1 10.0

Tennessee

Eastern 29 2 6.9 2 6.9 8 27.6 0 0.0 5 17.2 6 20.7 3 10.3 3 10.3

Middle 6 0 0.0 2 33.3 1 16.7 0 0.0 3 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 28 18 64.3 0 0.0 4 14.3 0 0.0 2 7.1 2 7.1 0 0.0 2 7.1

SEVENTH CIRCUIT 208 80 38.5 54 26.0 30 14.4 1 0.5 12 5.8 15 7.2 2 1.0 14 6.7

Illinois

Central 27 15 55.6 6 22.2 3 11.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 11.1

Northern 54 5 9.3 28 51.9 6 11.1 1 1.9 3 5.6 8 14.8 1 1.9 2 3.7

Southern 54 42 77.8 3 5.6 3 5.6 0 0.0 1 1.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 9.3

Indiana

Northern 19 8 42.1 1 5.3 5 26.3 0 0.0 3 15.8 1 5.3 0 0.0 1 5.3

Southern 22 2 9.1 7 31.8 7 31.8 0 0.0 2 9.1 3 13.6 0 0.0 1 4.5

Wisconsin

Eastern 22 6 27.3 9 40.9 1 4.5 0 0.0 2 9.1 2 9.1 0 0.0 2 9.1

Western 10 2 20.0 0 0.0 5 50.0 0 0.0 1 10.0 1 10.0 1 10.0 0 0.0

EIGHTH CIRCUIT 280 159 56.8 36 12.9 24 8.6 1 0.4 8 2.9 38 13.6 1 0.4 13 4.6

Arkansas

Eastern 31 24 77.4 1 3.2 3 9.7 0 0.0 1 3.2 1 3.2 0 0.0 1 3.2

Western 2 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Iowa

Northern 20 15 75.0 1 5.0 1 5.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 5.0 0 0.0 2 10.0

Southern 27 6 22.2 9 33.3 2 7.4 0 0.0 2 7.4 7 25.9 0 0.0 1 3.7

Minnesota 23 1 4.3 12 52.2 3 13.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 5 21.7 0 0.0 2 8.7

Missouri

Eastern 26 7 26.9 4 15.4 2 7.7 1 3.8 0 0.0 11 42.3 0 0.0 1 3.8

Western 26 3 11.5 1 3.8 6 23.1 0 0.0 3 11.5 8 30.8 1 3.8 4 15.4

Nebraska 38 31 81.6 1 2.6 3 7.9 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 2.6 0 0.0 2 5.3

North Dakota 5 3 60.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 40.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

South Dakota 82 69 84.1 7 8.5 2 2.4 0 0.0 2 2.4 2 2.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

Assistance Order Remand B

District Court Reasons Amendment

Motion

3582(c)(2)

(Sec. 404)

Substantial

Table R (cont.)

Court

Modification ModificationModification Circuit Court Motion

Restitution District Compelling Retroactive

First Step

R. Crim. P. 18 U.S.C. § 18 U.S.C. § 18 U.S.C. § 28 U.S.C. § 18 U.S.C. § 18 U.S.C. § Act

Federal

35(b) 3664 3742(f)(1)/(2) 3559(c)(7) 2255 3582(c)(1)(A)

Resentencings and Other Modications of Sentence | 195

CIRCUIT

District Total

N% N% N% N% N% N% N% N%

NINTH CIRCUIT 359 25 7.0 116 32.3 72 20.1 0 0.0 25 7.0 116 32.3 4 1.1 1 0.3

Alaska 3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Arizona 37 2 5.4 18 48.6 12 32.4 0 0.0 3 8.1 2 5.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

California

Central 58 3 5.2 12 20.7 15 25.9 0 0.0 8 13.8 20 34.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

Eastern 33 2 6.1 13 39.4 8 24.2 0 0.0 2 6.1 6 18.2 1 3.0 1 3.0

Northern 40 0 0.0 20 50.0 8 20.0 0 0.0 2 5.0 9 22.5 1 2.5 0 0.0

Southern 38 2 5.3 9 23.7 9 23.7 0 0.0 2 5.3 15 39.5 1 2.6 0 0.0

Guam 2 1 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 50.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Hawaii 17 4 23.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 13 76.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

Idaho 9 1 11.1 3 33.3 2 22.2 0 0.0 3 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Montana 29 4 13.8 6 20.7 4 13.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 15 51.7 0 0.0 0 0.0

Nevada 12 0 0.0 3 25.0 8 66.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 8.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern Mariana Islands 1 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 100.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Oregon 34 3 8.8 9 26.5 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 5.9 19 55.9 1 2.9 0 0.0

Washington

Eastern 7 0 0.0 1 14.3 2 28.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 57.1 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 39 3 7.7 22 56.4 3 7.7 0 0.0 3 7.7 8 20.5 0 0.0 0 0.0

TENTH CIRCUIT 151 22 14.6 30 19.9 21 13.9 0 0.0 8 5.3 62 41.1 0 0.0 8 5.3

Colorado 18 0 0.0 3 16.7 5 27.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 8 44.4 0 0.0 2 11.1

Kansas 43 2 4.7 1 2.3 9 20.9 0 0.0 1 2.3 25 58.1 0 0.0 5 11.6

New Mexico 13 0 0.0 3 23.1 1 7.7 0 0.0 3 23.1 6 46.2 0 0.0 0 0.0

Oklahoma

Eastern 5 1 20.0 0 0.0 2 40.0 0 0.0 1 20.0 1 20.0 0 0.0 0 0.0

Northern 32 7 21.9 14 43.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 11 34.4 0 0.0 0 0.0

Western 9 1 11.1 4 44.4 3 33.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 11.1

Utah 16 1 6.3 3 18.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 18.8 9 56.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

Wyoming 15 10 66.7 2 13.3 1 6.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 2 13.3 0 0.0 0 0.0

ELEVENTH CIRCUIT 378 179 47.4 99 26.2 36 9.5 5 1.3 13 3.4 29 7.7 1 0.3 16 4.2

Alabama

Middle 9 0 0.0 4 44.4 3 33.3 0 0.0 1 11.1 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 11.1

Northern 6 0 0.0 3 50.0 1 16.7 0 0.0 1 16.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 16.7

Southern 6 4 66.7 0 0.0 1 16.7 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 16.7

Florida

Middle 84 52 61.9 11 13.1 7 8.3 1 1.2 2 2.4 9 10.7 0 0.0 2 2.4

Northern 14 2 14.3 0 0.0 2 14.3 1 7.1 1 7.1 3 21.4 0 0.0 5 35.7

Southern 222 110 49.5 75 33.8 16 7.2 3 1.4 5 2.3 10 4.5 0 0.0 3 1.4

Georgia

Middle 7 3 42.9 0 0.0 1 14.3 0 0.0 2 28.6 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.3

Northern 13 3 23.1 1 7.7 3 23.1 0 0.0 1 7.7 4 30.8 1 7.7 0 0.0

Southern

17 5 29.4 5 29.4 2 11.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 17.6 0 0.0 2 11.8

Of the 3,054 cases, 50 were excluded due to missing type of resentencing or modification of sentence. Modification of supervision conditions is a type of resentencing,

but information was not collected for this type. Descriptions of variables used in this table are provided in Appendix A.

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2022 Resentencing Datafile, RESENTFY22.

Table R (cont.)

(Sec. 404)35(b) 3664 3742(f)(1)/(2) 3559(c)(7) 2255 3582(c)(1)(A)

3582(c)(2)

District Compelling Retroactive

Court Reasons Amendment

Substantial Restitution

Assistance Order

Federal Modification

Remand B

District Court

Circuit Court Motion

18 U.S.C. §

Motion

Act

Modification Modification First Step

18 U.S.C. § 18 U.S.C. § R. Crim. P. 18 U.S.C. § 28 U.S.C. § 18 U.S.C. §

196 | 2022 Sourcebook

APPENDIX A

Descriptions of Datales and Variables

198 | 2022 Sourcebook

Introduction

The Commission’s research

program is based on data from the

Federal courts. The Commission collects

data regarding every felony and Class A

misdemeanor offense sentenced each year.

To facilitate this data collection, the courts

arestatutorilyrequiredtosubmitve

sentencing documents to the Commission

within 30 days of entry of judgment in a

criminal case: (1) the charging document

(information/indictment), (2) the plea

agreement (if any), (3) the Presentence

Report (if any), (4) the Judgment and

Commitment Order, and (5) the Statement

of Reasons form. The Commission analyzes

these documents and collects information

of interest and importance to policymakers

and the federal criminal justice community.

Tables in this report use the

Commission’sdatale,USSCFY22,

which includes information on the 64,142

individual offenders sentenced between

October 1, 2021, through September 30,

2022, for whom sentencing documents

were received as of February 17, 2023.

This report also provides data on 99

organizational offenders sentenced during

that period. Also, this report provides

data on 3,054 offenders resentenced by

the district court or whose sentence was

modiedinsomeotherwayduringthat

period. Finally, this report provides data

on7,208appealscasesdecidedduringscal

year 2022.

 Giventhenatureofthedataleand

reporting requirements, the following are

not included: cases initiated but for which

no convictions were obtained, offenders

convicted but who have not been sentenced,

and offenders sentenced but for whom no

sentencing documents were submitted to

the Commission. Cases in which a sentence

of death was imposed also are not available

in this dataset as the sentencing guidelines

do not apply to those cases.

Note that for all tables, total

percentages may not add up to 100 percent

due to rounding.

Variables

The following section describes the

variables used in this report.

Age

The Age of the offender on the

day of sentencing is calculated using

the date of sentencing as reported in the

Judgment and Commitment Order and

the offender’s date of birth as reported

either in the Presentence Report or in the

case submission information provided by

the court when submitting the case to the

Commission. Offenders under the age of

18 at the time of sentencing were charged

as adults for a federal felony or Class A

misdemeanor.

Anders Brief

Anders Brief cases are those in

whichthedefendant’scounsellesamotion

for leave to withdraw from representation,

and asserts that counsel has reviewed

thecaseandconcludestherearenonon-

frivolous grounds for appeal; whereupon

the appellate court, after independently

reviewing the record and agreeing that

thecaseiswhollyfrivolous,afrmsthe

sentence and dismisses the appeal, and

grants counsel’s motion to withdraw. See

Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967).

Any Guideline

The Commission collects guideline

application information on up to four

guidelines in a single computation (more

than one guideline can be applied through

thecross-referenceapplicationinthe

Guidelines Manual). If a guideline is

Appendix A | 199

recordedinanyofthefourcollectedelds,

then it is reported as “any guideline.” Note

that counts for this category may exceed

thetotalnumberofoffendersinanyscal

year because each offender may have

multiple guideline computations and/or

multiple reference guidelines applied.

Appeals

Appeals data are derived from

analyses of opinions and orders from

the courts of appeals. For purposes of

the appeals data, an appeals case is one

in which a federal court of appeals has

issued an opinion or order. Opinions

and orders submitted by the courts are

collected and coded. All appeals cases are

coded for identifying data, such as parties,

disposition, date, and circuit. In cases

in which the appellate court reverses or

remands a sentencing issue, the sentencing

issue is coded. Conviction issues are not

coded.

Attribution Category for Sentences

Outside the Range

All categories replicate the list of

checkboxes available on the Statement

of Reasons (SOR) form. Not all checkbox

categories are available in both the

departure section and sentences outside

the guideline system section on this

form and multiple checkboxes may be

indicated in a single case so that totals

in a table may exceed the total number

of cases. The Commission uses these

checkboxes in determining government

sponsorship: all cases in which one of the

pursuant to a plea agreement boxes is

indicated are attributed to the government.

Additionally, other types of SOR forms

may indicate sponsorship in writing, and

these attributions are also included in the

appropriate category.

Circuit

Information on judicial Circuit

is generated using the location of the

judicial district in which the offender was

sentenced.

Citizenship Status

Information on the Citizenship

Status of offenders is obtained from

the Presentence Report. Offenders are

categorized as one of the following: “U.S.

citizen,” “resident alien,” “illegal alien,”

“extraditedalien,”or“non-U.S.citizen,

alien status unknown.” The latter four

categories are collapsed into the category of

“non-U.S.citizen.”

Conviction Type

 Sentencingclassicationisdened

in 18 U.S.C. § 3559(a). The federal

sentencing guidelines apply to felony cases

and Class A misdemeanors (see USSG

§1B1.9). For this reason, no information

about petty offenses is recorded in the

Commission’sdatales.

Criminal History Category

Criminal History Category is derived

from the Statement of Reasons provided

by the sentencing court. Criminal History

Category is taken from the Presentence

Report when the Statement of Reasons

is not available. While the court may

disagree with Presentence Report

information, the Criminal History Category

is the same in the vast majority of cases for

which both documents were received.

200 | 2022 Sourcebook

District

Information on the judicial District

in which sentencing occurred is obtained

from the Judgment and Commitment

Order.

Document Submission Rates

Five documents are represented in

the document submission table: Judgment

and Commitment Order (J&C), Presentence

Report (PSR), Statement of Reasons

(SOR), indictment/information (Ind), and

plea agreements (Plea). The J&C, SOR,

and PSR generally are submitted in a

standardized format. PSRs waived by the

court are indicated in a separate column.

Standardized forms for the SORs are most

frequently submitted; however, transcripts

or partial SORs and/or transcripts from

the sentencing hearing are also included

as Statement of Reasons Received. Cases

in which the Commission was unable

todeterminedenitivelywhetherthe

offender’s guilty plea was entered pursuant

to a written agreement are excluded from

the Plea totals. The total documents

received column is derived from adding the

total number of received documents from

the J&C, PSR, SOR, Ind, and Plea columns.

Downward Departure

Downward Departure consists

of cases in which the sentence imposed

was below the applicable guideline range

and for which the court cited a reason on

Part V of the Statement of Reasons form

(Departures Pursuant to the Guidelines

Manual). In these cases, the court may

also have cited 18 U.S.C. § 3553 or

factorsorreasonsspecicallyprohibited

in the provisions, policy statements, or

commentary of the sentencing guidelines as

additional reasons. This category includes

departures that result from government

motions as well as from motions by the

parties.

Downward Variance

Downward Variance consists of

cases in which the sentence imposed was

below the applicable guideline range

and for which the court cited a reason on

Part VI of the Statement of Reasons form

(Court Determination for a Variance). This

category includes variances which result

from government motions as well as from

motions by the defendant.

Drug Trafcking Guidelines

information is obtained from the

Presentence Report and is based on the

guidelines in USSG Chapter Two, Part

D. The seven guidelines (USSG §§2D1.1,

2D1.2, 2D1.5, 2D1.6, 2D1.8, 2D1.10, and

2D1.14) represent the guidelines in Chapter

Two, Part D that utilize the drug quantity

tableinUSSG§2D1.1(DrugTrafcking)to

determine the base offense level.

Education

Information on Education of the

offender is obtained from the Presentence

Report and is collapsed into general

categories. Technical, military, and

vocational training as well as course

work at community colleges is included

in the Some College category. A general

equivalency degree (GED) is included in the

High School Graduate category.

Extent of Decrease

Extent of Decrease is calculated

based on the difference between the

sentence length (including any months

ofalternativeconnementasdenedin

USSG §5C1.1) and the guideline minimum

(including any statutory trumps) for below

range cases. Life imprisonment sentences

and cases where the guideline minimum

is zero months or life are excluded from all

extent of decrease calculations due to the

logicaldifcultyincalculatingadecrease

Appendix A | 201

from these values. High values of the

guideline minimum are capped at 470

months for analytical purposes.

Extent of Increase

Extent of Increase is calculated

based on the difference between the

guideline maximum (including any

statutory trumps) and the sentence length

(including any months of alternative

connementasdenedinUSSG§5C1.1)

for above range cases. Life sentences and

cases where the guideline minimum is life

are excluded from all extent of increase

calculationsduetothelogicaldifcultyin

calculating an increase from these values.

High values of the guideline minimum

are capped at 470 months for analytical

purposes.

Federal Offenders Sentenced

Each Federal Offender Sentenced

or case, as recorded by the Commission,

involves a single sentencing event for

a single offender. Multiple counts of

conviction, including counts of conviction

charged on multiple indictments, are

considered a single sentencing event if a

single sentence was imposed for the counts

on the same day at the same time by the

same judge. A single offender may account

for more than one case if the offender was

involved in more than one sentencing

eventduringthescalyear.Dataonco-

defendants in the same sentencing will

appear as separate cases.

Fines and Restitution

Fines and Restitution information

is obtained from the Judgment and

Commitment Order (J&C). Fine

information may also include cost of

supervision.Casesthatreceivenone

or restitution are not included in the

calculation of the means. The number of

cases upon which the mean is based may

not equal the number of offenders ordered

topaynesand/orrestitution;thisisdue

to the failure of some J&Cs to specify the

dollar amount ordered. The median of

paymentsorderedreectstheamount

locatedattheftiethpercentileofall

amounts ordered, excluding cases in which

the amount was indeterminable or zero.

Gender

Gender of the offender is obtained

from the Presentence Report.

Government Motion (Variance)

consists of cases in which the sentence

imposed was below the applicable guideline

range pursuant to a government motion

and for which the court cited a reason

on Part VI of the Statement of Reasons

(SOR) form (Court Determination for a

Variance). These cases are determined by

a yearly case review by Commission staff

of both the reasons for the below range

sentence and the coding by Commission

staff of any indication of government

sponsorship as indicated on the SOR form

for below range cases. The SOR form has

speciccheckboxestoindicatetheorigins

of the variance, but cases that do not use

this form may also indicate in writing the

origins of the variance. Additionally, all

cases with one or more of the following

reasonswereclassiedasbeingsponsored

by the government regardless of

whether the SOR indicated sponsorship:

pursuant to a plea agreement (binding,

non-binding,orunknown),fasttrack,

savings to the government, early plea,

waiver of indictment and/or appeal, other

government motion, global disposition, due

to stipulations, facilitated early release of

a material witness, joint recommendation,

202 | 2022 Sourcebook

and a large number of immigration cases.

This category does not include cases with

USSG §5K1.1 Substantial Assistance

departures or USSG §5K3.1 Early

Disposition Program (EDP) departures.

Guideline Sentencing Range

The Guideline Sentencing Range

is taken from the Statement of Reasons

provided by the sentencing court.

Alternatively, if the Statement of Reasons

is missing, then the information is taken

from the Presentence Report.

For tables in this report, unless

otherwise indicated, the guideline

sentencing range does not take into account

applicable statutory restrictions on either

the maximum or the minimum of the range;

therefore, it may differ from the available

range, which does take into account the

statutory restrictions.

Length of Imprisonment

For cases in which a term of

imprisonment was imposed, Length of

Imprisonment reports the mean and

median terms of imprisonment imposed

in months. Length of imprisonment also

includes any time served amounts and

imprisonment under USSG §5G1.3. This

information is obtained from the Judgment

and Commitment Order (J&C). Mean and

median imprisonment lengths are rounded

to the nearest month.

Any portion of a sentence that is

analternativeconnementasdescribed

in USSG §5C1.1 is excluded. Cases in

which a term of imprisonment is ordered,

but where the length is indeterminable,

also are excluded. When sentences are

expressed as “time served” on the J&C,

Commission staff uses the dates in federal

custody to determine the length of time

served provided the offender has been in

custody the entire time. If the offender has

been in and out of custody, or the start date

is unclear or missing, then the Commission

assigns a value of one day as a minimal

time served amount for these cases.

In cases where the court imposes a

sentence of life imprisonment, a numeric

value is necessary to include these

cases in any analysis. Accordingly, life

sentences are reported as 470 months,

a length consistent with the average life

expectancy of federal criminal offenders

given the average age of federal offenders.

Sentences of greater than 470 months are

also reported as 470 months. The footnote

intherelevanttablesandguresindicates

when this occurs.

Length of Supervised Release

For cases in which a term of

supervised release was imposed, Length

of Supervised Release reports the mean

and median terms of supervised release

imposed in months. This information

is obtained from the Judgment and

Commitment Order. Cases in which a

term of supervised release is ordered, but

where the length is indeterminable, are

excluded. In cases where the court imposes

a supervised release term of lifetime

supervision, a numeric value is necessary

to include these cases in any supervised

release length analysis. Accordingly, life

terms of supervised release are reported as

470 months, a length consistent with the

Commission’s assignment of 470 months for

life imprisonment sentences.

Mandatory Minimum Penalties

Information on Mandatory

Minimum Penalties is obtained from

the Presentence Report and represents

theassessmentoftheprobationofcer.

The sentencing court may alter this

Appendix A | 203

mandatory minimum penalty information;

occasionally, such changes are not

reectedinthedocumentsreceivedbythe

Commission.

Mode of Conviction

Information on Mode of Conviction

is obtained from the Judgment and

Commitment Order. Offenders sentenced

subsequent to a plea of guilty or nolo

contendere are included in the Plea

category. Offenders sentenced subsequent

to a trial by judge or jury are included in

the Trial category. Rare cases involving

both a plea and a trial are included in the

Trial category.

Non-Government Departure

Non-Government Departure consists

of cases in which the sentence imposed

was outside the applicable guideline range

and for which the court cited a reason on

Part V of the Statement of Reasons form

(Departures Pursuant to the Guidelines

Manual) other than USSG §5K1.1 or USSG

§5K3.1, and where the government did

not initiate, propose, or stipulate to the

sentence.

Non-Government Variance

Non-Government Variance consists

of cases in which the sentence imposed was

outside the applicable guideline range and

for which the court cited a reason on Part

VI of the Statement of Reasons form (Court

Determination for a Variance), and where

the government did not initiate, propose, or

stipulate to the sentence.

Non-Prison Sentence

Non-Prison Sentence includes

sentences including probation and/or any

alternativeconnement,asdescribedin

USSG §5C1.1 (i.e., the entire sentence was

not incarceration in jail/prison only).

Number of Employees

The Number of Employeesidenties

the number of persons employed by an

organizational offender. This information

is obtained from the Presentence Report.

Thenumberincludesfull-timeworkers,

part-timeworkers,hourlyworkers,

seasonal workers, and contractors. If the

organizationhasundergoneasignicant

down-sizingsincetheoffensewasdetected

by the authorities, the number of employees

at the time of the offense is used for this

variable.

Offense Level

 ThenalOffense Level used in

these tables is taken from the Statement of

Reasons provided by the sentencing court.

Alternatively, if the Statement of Reasons

is missing, the offense level is taken from

the Presentence Report.

Organizations

Organization is a “person other than

an individual.” See 18 U.S.C. § 18. The

term includes corporations, partnerships,

associations,joint-stockcompanies,unions,

trusts, pension funds, unincorporated

organizations, governments and political

subdivisionsthereof,andnon-prot

organizations.

Other Government Motion (Downward

Departure)

Other Government Motion is

determined by a yearly case review by

Commission staff of both the reasons for

the below range sentence and the coding

204 | 2022 Sourcebook

by Commission staff of any indication of

government sponsorship as indicated on

the Statement of Reasons (SOR) for below

rangecases.TheSORformhasspecic

checkboxes to indicate the origins of the

departure, but cases that do not use this

form may also indicate in writing the

origins of the departure. Additionally, all

cases with one or more of the following

reasonswereclassiedasbeingsponsored

by the government regardless of

whether the SOR indicated sponsorship:

pursuant to a plea agreement (binding,

non-binding,orunknown),fasttrack,

savings to the government, early plea,

waiver of indictment and/or appeal, other

government motion, global disposition, due

to stipulations, facilitated early release of

a material witness, joint recommendation,

and a large number of immigration cases.

This category does not include cases with

USSG §5K3.1 Early Disposition Program

(EDP) departures or USSG §5K1.1

Substantial Assistance departures.

Ownership Structure

The Ownership Structureidenties

the legal status of an organizational

offender. This information is obtained from

the Presentence Report. If an organization

is incorporated but is not openly traded, it

isclassiedas“Closely-heldorPrivate.”

Ifthenancialstatementsinthe

presentence investigation report are termed

“unaudited,” then the company is also

classiedas“Closely-heldorPrivate.”

Position of Sentence

The Position of Sentence describes

within-rangeguidelinesentencesinterms

of their relative positions within their

applicable guideline ranges. Guideline

range information is taken from the

Statement of Reasons form and sentence

information is taken from the Judgement

and Commitment Order.

The Position of Sentence is

determined by dividing the available

range in half. This allows a sentence to

fallintooneofvedistinctcategories:

theguidelineminimum;thelower-half

of the range (when not at the guideline

minimum); the exact midpoint of the range;

theupper-halfoftherange(whennotat

the guideline maximum) and the guideline

maximum. The “available range” is the

guideline range with applicable statutory

restrictions on either the maximum or the

minimum of the range taken into account.

For cases in which USSG §5C1.2 was

applied, in accordance with the provisions

of the guideline, the statutory restrictions

on the minimum of the range are removed

according to 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f).

In cases in which the sentence is

located outside the available sentencing

range, departure and/or variance

information is provided as reported by

the sentencing court. Differences in the

number and percentage of cases in each

category may differ from other tables

presented in this report; this is due to the

exclusion of any case missing both complete

information from the Statement of Reasons

and information on statutory minima and

maxima.

Primary Drug Type

Information on Primary Drug Type

is obtained from the Presentence Report,

Judgment and Commitment Order, or plea

agreement. It is recorded only if at least

one of the statutes of conviction recorded

by the Commission is an offense under title

21 of the United States Code or an offense

under another title when the underlying

conduct involves a controlled substance.

Information about type of drug in the text

and tables is derived from the primary drug

type (i.e., the type that produces the highest

base offense level).

Appendix A | 205

The category Fentanyl includes

cases in which the drug involved is

Fentanyl(N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-

4-piperidinyl]Propanamide)andcases

in which the court determined the

substance involved to be a Fentanyl

analogue,asdenedintheGuidelines

Manual. The category Marijuana

includes Hashish and Hashish oil. The

category Methamphetamine includes

pure (actual) methamphetamine,

“Ice,” methamphetamine mixture, and

methamphetamine precursors sentenced

underanydrugtrafckingguidelineother

than USSG §2D1.11 (for example ephedrine

and pseudoephedrine). All drug types not

listed separately in this report are collapsed

into the “Other” drug category.

Primary Guideline

When more than one sentencing

guideline is applied in a case, the Primary

Guideline is the guideline that has the

highest adjusted offense level (this includes

the Base Offense Level, all applicable

SpecicOffenseCharacteristics,and

Chapter Three Adjustments prior to the

application of Multiple Count Units).

Race

Information on Race of the offender

is obtained from the Presentence Report in

separate categories of race and ethnicity

(White, Black, Native American or

Alaskan Native, Asian or Pacic Islander,

Multiracial, and “Other”). Ethnicity

data indicates whether an offender is

of Hispanic origin. For purposes of this

report, offenders whose ethnic background

is designated as Hispanic are represented

as Hispanic in all tables regardless of racial

background. The Other race category

includes offenders of Native American or

AlaskanNative,AsianorPacicIslander,

Multiracial, and “Other” origin.

Reasons for Sentences Outside the

Guideline Range

Reasons for Sentences Outside the

Guideline Range are obtained from the

Statement of Reasons when available.

Because courts often provide more than one

reason for sentencing outside the guideline

range, the frequencies on these tables may

add up to more than the number of cases.

Resentencings and Other Modication

of Sentence

Using information submitted by the

district courts, Resentencings and Other

Modications of Sentenceareclassiedinto

nine different categories:

Correction of Sentence on Remand

(18 U.S.C. § 3742(f)(1) and (2)): Cases in

which the original sentence is remanded to

the district court by a court of appeals. The

possible grounds for this include: (1) the

sentence violated the law, (2) the guidelines

were incorrectly applied, (3) the sentence is

outside the applicable guideline range and

the court failed to adequately explain why,

(4) the sentence is outside the applicable

guideline range and the court relied upon

an impermissible reason, (5) the sentence

is outside the applicable guideline range

and the court departed to an unreasonable

degree, or (6) there was no applicable

guideline and the sentence is plainly

unreasonable;

Direct Motion to District Court

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3559(c)(7):

Cases in which an offender received an

aggravated penalty imposed under 18

U.S.C. § 3559(c)(7) at the time of original

sentence and where a prior conviction for

a serious violent felony or serious drug

offense that triggered the aggravated

penalty was overturned because it was

(1) unconstitutional, (2) the offender was

actually innocent, or (3) the offender was

pardoned because of innocence;

206 | 2022 Sourcebook

Direct Motion to District Court

Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255: Cases in

which a district court determines that

(1) the original sentence was imposed in

violation of the Constitution or the law, (2)

the court lacked jurisdiction to impose the

sentence, (3) the sentence was greater than

the maximum sentence allowed by the law,

or (4) the sentence is otherwise subject to

collateral attack;

First Step Act (Sec. 404): Cases

in which offenders convicted of drug

trafckingoffensesreceivedareduced

sentence though retroactive application of

the statutory reductions for crack cocaine

offenses that were enacted in the Fair

Sentencing Act of 2010. These sentence

reductions were authorized in section 404

of the First Step Act of 2018.

Modication of Imposed Term of

Imprisonment for Extraordinary and

Compelling Reasons (18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)

(1)(A)): Cases in which the district

court reduces an original sentence for

extraordinary and compelling reasons, or

because the offender is at least 70 years

old, has served at least 30 years for the

offense for which the offender is currently

imprisoned, and the Federal Bureau of

Prisons (BOP) has determined that the

offender is not a danger to the safety of any

person or the community. This reduction

canoccurthroughamotionledbythe

director of the BOP or by the offender;

Modication of Imposed Term of

Imprisonment for Retroactive Amendments

to the Sentencing Guidelines (18 U.S.C.

§ 3582(c)(2)): Cases in which a district

court reduces the sentence for an offender

who was sentenced based on a sentencing

range that later was lowered by the United

States Sentencing Commission and where

the Commission voted to apply the lowered

penalty retroactively. This reduction

canoccurthroughamotionledbythe

offender, the director of the BOP, or upon

the court’s own motion;

Modication of Restitution Order (18

U.S.C. § 3664): Cases in which the court

modiesanypartofajudgmentordering

restitution be paid to victims;

Reduction of Sentence for Changed

Circumstances (Federal Rule of Criminal

Procedure 35(b)): Cases in which the

governmentlesamotionaftertheoriginal

sentence is imposed requesting the court to

reduce that sentence because the offender

provided substantial assistance to the

government; and

Unknown Type of Resentencing:

Cases in which a resentencing has occurred

but where the type of resentencing cannot

be determined.

Safety Valve

Safety Valvecasesareidentied

based upon the application of the criteria

setforthinsubdivisions(1)-(5)ofsubsection

(a) of USSG §5C1.2 as described in the

Statement of Reasons or Presentence

Report. These criteria are considered as

aspecicoffensecharacteristicincases

where USSG §2D1.1 or USSG §2D1.11 is

the sentencing guideline.

 Theapplicationofthisspecic

offense characteristic requires that the

offender meet the criteria set forth in

subdivisions(1)-(5)ofsubsection(a)of

USSG §5C1.2, which are the same criteria

as in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(f). Section 3553(f)

requires courts to sentence an offender

without regard to any otherwise applicable

mandatory minimum penalty when the

criteria are met. Additionally, offenders

meeting this criteria receive a reduction

of two offense levels pursuant to USSG

§2D1.1(b)(18) or USSG §2D1.11(b)(6).

Thistwo-levelreductioncanoccureven

if no mandatory minimum penalty might

otherwise apply in the case. Both types

of Safety Valve application are accounted

for in the Sourcebook tables. In a small

Appendix A | 207

number of cases the court may not give the

two-levelreductionbutdoessentencethe

offender without regard to an otherwise

applicable mandatory minimum penalty.

Because of the continuing

renementoftheguidelines,thepositionof

thisspecicoffensecharacteristicnotation

within USSG §2D1.1 may vary from year to

year.

Sentence Appeals Disposition

Data is derived from analysis of

opinions and orders from the courts of

appeals. The appeals disposition code

indicates the disposition of the case.

Afrmed cases are cases in which an

appellate court holds that the judgment

of the court below is correct and should

stand. Reversed cases are those in which

an appellate court sets aside, annuls,

vacates, or changes to the contrary the

decision of a lower court. Afrmed and

Reversed cases are cases in which an

appellatecourtafrmedoneormoreissues

and reversed one or more of the issues that

were appealed. Remanded cases are those

in which the appellate court sent the case

back to the lower court to address the issue

under appeal. Dismissed cases are those

an appellate court terminates without

a complete trial and without issuing a

holding. A dismissal of an appeal places

the parties in the same condition as if no

appeal had been taken or allowed, and thus

actsasaconrmationofthejudgmentof

the court below.

Sentencing Issues Appealed

Data about the issue or issues

appealed are derived from analyses of

opinions and orders from the courts of

appeals. Each sentencing issue that is

reversed or remanded by the appellate

court is coded by the guideline involved

and description of the particular issue

addressed within that guideline.

Challenges related to sentencing, but not

to guideline application, are coded under

categories reserved for “constitutional

issues” or “other general sentencing issues.”

Sentence Imposed or Sentence Length

Sentence Imposed or Sentence

Length reports the mean and median terms

of the sentence imposed in months. It also

includes any time served amounts and

imprisonment under USSG §5G1.3. This

information is obtained from the Judgment

and Commitment Order (J&C). Mean and

median sentence lengths are rounded to the

nearest month.

Probation sentences are included

as zero months. Any portion of a sentence

thatisanalternativeconnementas

described in USSG §5C1.1 is included.

Cases in which a sentence is imposed, but

where the length is indeterminable, are

excluded. When sentences are expressed

as “time served” on the J&C, Commission

staff uses the dates in federal custody to

determine the length of time served when

an offender has been in custody the entire

time. If the offender has been in and out

of custody, or the start date is unclear/

missing, then the Commission assigns a

value of one day as a minimal time served

amount for these cases.

In cases where the court imposes a

sentence of life imprisonment, a numeric

value is necessary to include these cases in

any sentence length analysis. Accordingly,

life sentences are reported as 470 months,

a length consistent with the average life

expectancy of federal criminal offenders

given the average age of federal offenders.

Sentences of greater than 470 months are

also reported as 470 months. The footnote

intherelevanttablesandguresindicates

when this occurs.

208 | 2022 Sourcebook

Sentences Under the Guidelines

Manual

This category includes offenders

whose sentences are determined to be

either within the guideline range or outside

the guideline range and for which the court

cited a reason on Part V of the Statement

of Reasons form (Departures Pursuant to

the Guidelines Manual). In these cases, the

court may also have cited 18 U.S.C. § 3553

orfactorsorreasonsspecicallyprohibited

in the provisions, policy statements, or

commentary of the sentencing guidelines as

additional reasons. This category includes

departures which result from government

motions as well as from motions by the

offender.

Type of Appeal

Data are derived from analyses

of opinions and orders from the courts of

appeals. The type of appeals code indicates

the types of issues that are raised in the

case. The types of appeals codes are: (1)

sentencing issues only, (2) sentencing and

conviction issues, (3) conviction issues only,

(4) Anders Brief, and (5) unknown.

For coding purposes, an appeal

involves sentencing issues when the

appellant either argues that the district

court erred during the sentencing phase or

raises issues concerning the applicability

of the guidelines to the case at hand. In

some cases, the appellant is challenging

some part of the plea agreement

involving sentencing. These issues are

also considered sentencing issues. An

appeal involves conviction issues when

the appellant claims some sort of error

occurred during the investigation, trial,

or jury deliberations that did not involve

sentencing or the sentencing guidelines.

Anders Brief cases are those where the

counsel for the appellant has advised

the court of appeals that he or she has

conscientiouslyexaminedthecasebutnds

the appeal to be wholly frivolous and has

requested permission to withdraw. See

Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967).

Thisdispositioncodewasaddedinscal

year 2010.

Type of Business

The Type of Businessidenties

the primary industry in which an

organizational offender conducted business.

This information is obtained from the

Presentence Report.

Type of Crime

Information on Type of Crime

is obtained from the primary guideline

detailed in the Presentence Report. If

the primary guideline is an “attempt/

conspiracy” guideline, such as USSG

§2X1.1, then the underlying guideline

is used to determine the type of crime

category.

If there is no primary guideline

provided, then information about the

type of crime category is obtained from

the statutes of conviction listed on the

Judgment and Commitment Order.

When the “type of crime” for the case is

determined from the statutes of conviction,

the offense applicable to the count of

conviction with the highest statutory

maximum becomes the “type of crime.” If

two or more counts are found to have the

same statutory maximum, the “type of

crime” is selected according to which count

of conviction has the highest statutory

minimum. Finally, in the event of a small

number of cases still tied, the “type of

crime” that best represented the nature of

the criminal behavior is chosen.

For convenience in analysis, a

summary variable describing “type of

crime” is derived. This is generated by

grouping similar primary offenses into

a smaller set of categories. Note that

Appendix A | 209

the crime categories differ between the

individual and organizational offender

datales.Listedbelowaretheoffense

types that are grouped into each of the

crime categories used in the individual

offenderdataletablesforthisreport:

Administration of Justice includes

obstructingorimpedingofcers,

contempt, obstruction of justice, perjury

or subornation of perjury, bribery of a

witness, impersonation, failure to appear

by offender, failure to appear by material

witness, commission of offense while on

release, payment of witness, and misprision

of a felony This category includes offenders

sentenced under USSG §§2A2.4, 2J1.1,

2J1.2, 2J1.3, 2J1.4, 2J1.6, 2J1.9, and 2X4.1.

Antitrust includesbid-rigging,price-

xing,andmarketallocationagreement.

This category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §2R1.1.

Arson includes property damage by

explosivesanduseofreorexplosivesto

commit a federal felony. This category

includes offenders sentenced under USSG

§§2K1.4 and 2K1.7 (deleted).

Assault includes attempt to commit

murder, assault with intent to murder,

threatening communication, aggravated

assault, minor assault, and conspiracy that

includes assault with attempt to murder.

This category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2A2.1, 2A2.2, and 2A2.3.

Bribery/Corruption includes offenses

involvingpublicofcialsandviolations

of federal election campaign laws, bribe

involvingofcials,bribery—bankloan/

commercial, loan or gratuity to bank

examiner, etc.,gratuityinvolvingofcials,

bribe or gratuity affecting employee plan,

conictofinterest,paymentorreceiptof

unauthorized compensation, and making,

receiving, or failing to report a contribution,

donation, or expenditure in violation of

the Federal Election Campaign Act. This

category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2B4.1, 2C1.1, 2C1.2, 2C1.3,

2C1.4 (deleted), 2C1.5, 2C1.6 (deleted),

2C1.7 (deleted), and 2C1.8.

Burglary/Trespass includes burglary

of a residence and burglary of a structure

otherthanaresidence,postofceburglary,

burglary of DEA premises (pharmacy),

bank burglary, and trespass. This category

includes offenders sentenced under USSG

§§2B2.1, 2B2.2 (deleted), and 2B2.3.

Child Pornography includes the

receipt or possession of materials involving

the sexual exploitation of minors. This

category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2G2.2 and 2G2.4 (deleted).

Commercialized Vice includes

gambling,animalghting,andprostitution

offenses. This category includes offenders

sentenced under USSG §2G1.1 where the

court did not apply a Base Offense Level

of 34, and all offenders sentenced under

USSG §§2E3.1, 2E3.2 (deleted), and 2E3.3

(deleted).

Drug Possession includes simple

possession of all drug types. This category

includes offenders sentenced under USSG

§2D2.1.

Drug Trafcking includes drug

distribution/manufacture—conspiracy,

continuing criminal enterprise, drug

distribution—employee under 21,

drug distribution near school, drug

import/export, drug distribution to

person under 21, establish/rent drug

operation, endangering human life while

manufacturing,andnarco-terrorism.This

category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2D1.1, 2D1.2, 2D1.5, 2D1.6,

2D1.8, 2D1.10, and 2D1.14.

Environmental includes waste

discharge;speciallyprotectedsh,wildlife,

and plants; recordkeeping, tampering, and

falsication;tamperingwithapublicwater

210 | 2022 Sourcebook

system; mishandling of environmental

pollutants; and hazardous devices on

federal lands. This category includes

offenders sentenced under USSG §§2K3.1

(deleted), 2Q1.1, 2Q1.2, 2Q1.3, 2Q1.4,

2Q1.5 (deleted), 2Q1.6, 2Q2.1, and 2Q2.2

(deleted).

Extortion/Racketeering includes

extortion by force, or threat of injury or

serious damage, extortionate extension

of credit, blackmail, Hobbs Act extortion,

travel in aid of racketeering, crime relating

to racketeering, and violent crimes in

aid of racketeering, unlawful conduct

relating to contraband cigarettes, and

labor racketeering. This category includes

offenders sentenced under USSG §§2B3.2,

2B3.3, 2E1.1, 2E1.2, 2E1.3, 2E1.4, 2E1.5

(deleted), 2E2.1, 2E4.1, 2E5.1, 2E5.2

(deleted), 2E5.3, 2E5.4 (deleted), 2E5.5

(deleted), and 2E5.6 (deleted).

Firearms includes unlawful receipt/

possession/transportationofrearms,

ammunition, or explosive material;

prohibitedtransactionsinvolvingrearms

or ammunition; possession of guns/

explosivesonaircraft;unlawfultrafcking,

etc., in explosives; possession of guns/

explosives in federal facility/schools; use

ofreorexplosivestocommitfelony;use

ofrearmsorammunitionduringcrime;

improper storage of explosive materials;

and failure to report theft of explosive

materials. This category includes offenders

sentenced under USSG §§2K1.1, 2K1.2,

2K1.3, 2K1.5, 2K1.6, 2K2.1, 2K2.2, 2K2.3,

2K2.4, 2K2.5, 2K2.6, and 2K3.2.

Food and Drug includes tampering

with risk of death or injury, providing false

information or tampering with products,

tampering to injure business, odometer

laws and regulations, and violation of

regulations involving food, drugs, etc. This

category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2N1.1, 2N1.2, 2N1.3, 2N2.1,

and 2N3.1.

Forgery/Counterfeiting/Copyright

includes counterfeit bearer obligations and

forgery/counterfeit(non-bearerobligations)

as well as criminal infringement of

includes offenders sentenced under USSG

§§2B5.1, 2B5.2 (deleted), 2B5.3, and 2B5.4

(deleted).

Fraud/Theft/Embezzlement

includes fraud and deceit, embezzlement—

property, embezzlement from labor

unions,embezzlement—mail/postofce,

embezzlementfrombenetplans,bank

embezzlement, bank larceny, theft from

benetplans,othertheft—mail/postofce,

receipt/possession of stolen property,

theft from labor union, theft or damage

to cultural heritage resources, insider

trading, and aggravated identity theft.

This category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2B1.1, 2B1.2 (deleted),

2B1.3 (deleted), 2B1.4, 2B1.5, 2B1.6, 2F1.1

(deleted), and 2F1.2 (deleted).

Immigrationincludestrafcking

inU.S.passports,trafckinginentry

documents, failure to surrender

naturalizationcerticate,fraudulently

acquiring U.S. passports, smuggling,

transporting, or harboring an unlawful

alien, fraudulently acquiring entry

documents, and unlawfully entering or

remaining in the U.S. This category

includes offenders sentenced under USSG

§§2L1.1, 2L1.2, 2L1.3 (deleted), 2L2.1,

2L2.2, 2L2.3 (deleted), 2L2.4 (deleted), and

2L2.5.

Individual Rights includes

interference with rights under color of law;

forceorthreatstodenybenetsorrights;

obstructing an election or registration;

manufacture, etc.—eavesdropping device;

other deprivations/discrimination;

obstructing correspondence; peonage,

servitude, and slave trade; intercept

communication or eavesdropping; and

conspiracy to deprive individual of civil

rights. This category includes offenders

Appendix A | 211

sentenced under USSG §§2H1.1, 2H1.2

(deleted), 2H1.3 (deleted), 2H1.4 (deleted),

2H1.5 (deleted), 2H2.1, 2H3.1, 2H3.2,

2H3.3, 2H4.1, and 2H4.2.

Kidnapping includes hostage and

ransom taking, abduction, unlawful

restraint, and aircraft piracy. This category

includes offenders sentenced under USSG

§§2A4.1, 2A4.2, and 2A5.1.

Manslaughter includes both

involuntary and voluntary manslaughter.

This category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2A1.3 and 2A1.4.

Money Laundering includes

laundering of monetary instruments,

monetary transaction from unlawful

activity,failuretolecurrencyreport,and

failure to report monetary transactions.

This category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2S1.1, 2S1.2 (deleted),

2S1.3, and 2S1.4 (deleted).

Murderincludesrstdegreemurder,

second degree murder, and conspiracy

or solicitation to commit murder. This

category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2A1.1, 2A1.2, and 2A1.5.

National Defense includes treason,

sabotage, espionage, evasion of military

service,prohibitednancialtransactions

and exports, providing material support to

designated foreign terrorist organizations,

nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons,

and weapons of mass destruction. This

category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2M1.1, 2M2.1, 2M2.2

(deleted), 2M2.3, 2M2.4 (deleted), 2M3.1,

2M3.2, 2M3.3, 2M3.4, 2M3.5, 2M3.6

(deleted), 2M3.7 (deleted), 2M3.8 (deleted),

2M3.9, 2M4.1, 2M5.1, 2M5.2, 2M5.3,

2M6.1, and 2M6.2.

Obscenity/Other Sex Offenses includes

failure to register as a sex offender,

recordkeeping offenses involving production

of sexually explicit material, and importing,

mailing, transporting, or broadcasting

obscene material. This category includes

offenders sentenced under USSG §§2A3.5,

2A3.6, 2G2.5, 2G3.1, and 2G3.2.

Prison Offenses includes contraband

in prisons, riots in federal facilities, and

escape. This category includes offenders

sentenced under USSG §§2P1.1, 2P1.2,

2P1.3, and 2P1.4 (deleted).

Robbery includes bank robbery, Hobbs

Actrobbery,postofcerobbery,other

robbery, and carjacking. This category

includes offenders sentenced under USSG

§2B3.1.

Sexual Abuse includes criminal

sexual abuse, sexual abuse of a minor,

sexual abuse of a ward, abusive sexual

contact, transportation of minor for sex,

sextrafckingofchildren,sextrafcking

of adults by force, fraud or coercion,

child pornography production, and child

exploitation enterprises. This category

includes offenders sentenced under USSG

§2G1.1 who received a Base Offense Level

of 34, and all offenders sentenced under

USSG §§2A3.1, 2A3.2, 2A3.3, 2A3.4, 2G1.2

(deleted), 2G1.3, 2G2.1, 2G2.3, and 2G2.6.

Stalking/Harassing includes

threatening or harassing communications,

hoaxes, false liens, stalking, and domestic

violence. This category includes offenders

sentenced under USSG §§2A6.1 and 2A6.2.

Tax includesnon-paymentoftaxes,

conspiracy to avoid taxes, offenses relating

to withholding statements, aiding or

advising tax fraud, failing to collect or

truthfully account for and pay over taxes,

failing to deposit collected taxes in required

accounts after notice, alcohol and tobacco

tax offenses, and customs taxes. This

category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2T1.1, 2T1.2 (deleted),

2T1.3 (deleted), 2T1.4, 2T1.5 (deleted),

2T1.6, 2T1.7, 2T1.8, 2T1.9, 2T2.1, 2T2.2,

2T3.1, and 2T3.2 (deleted).

212 | 2022 Sourcebook

Other Miscellaneous Offenses

includesinterferencewithaightcrew,

unlawful sale, transportation, possession,

manufacturing, or importation of drug

paraphernalia, distributing, importing,

or exporting listed chemicals, evading

reporting or recordkeeping requirements

involving chemicals, acquiring a controlled

substance by fraud or forgery, border

tunnels and subterranean passages, and

all other felony and miscellaneous offenses

not previously listed in any of the other

categoriesorcoveredbyspecicguidelines.

This category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2A5.2, 2D1.7, 2D1.11,

2D1.12, 2D1.13, 2D2.2, 2D2.3, 2D3.1,

2X5.1, 2X5.2, and 2X7.1. In addition, this

category includes offenders sentenced

under USSG §§2X1.1, 2X2.1, 2X3.1, 2X6.1,

and 2X7.2 if no underlying guideline was

provided.

Sentence Type

Using sentencing information

obtained from the Judgment and

Commitment Order, the Total Receiving

Imprisonment category includes the

number of offenders sentenced (and percent

of Total Cases) who received a commitment

to the Bureau of Prisons. This category is

the sum of cases in Prison Only and the

Prison and Alternatives categories.

The Total Receiving Probation

category includes the number of offenders

sentenced (and the percent of Total Cases)

who received a term of probation with

or without a condition of community

connement,intermittentconnement,

or home detention. This category is the

sum of Probation Only and Probation and

Alternatives categories.

The Prison Only category

includes offenders sentenced to a term of

imprisonment only, with no additional

conditionsofcommunityconnement,home

detentionorintermittentconnement.

The Prison and Alternatives

category includes all cases in which

offenders received prison and conditions of

alternativeconnementasdenedinUSSG

§5C1.1. This category includes, but is not

limited to, Zone A, Zone B, or Zone C cases

receiving prison with additional conditions

ofatermofcommunityconnement,home

detention,orintermittentconnement.

The Probation Only category

includes the number of offenders who

received a term of probation without a

conditionofcommunityconnement,

intermittentconnement,orhome

detention.

Probation and Alternatives

category includes the number of offenders

who received a term of probation with

aconditionofcommunityconnement,

intermittentconnement,orhome

detention.

The Fine Only category includes the

number of offenders who received no prison,

no probation, and no time of alternative

connementasdenedinUSSG§5C1.1.

Mostoftheseoffendersreceivedaneand/

or a special assessment.

Upward Departure

Upward Departure consists of cases

in which the sentence imposed was above

the applicable guideline range and for

which the court cited a reason on Part V of

the Statement of Reasons form (Departures

Pursuant to the Guidelines Manual). In

these cases, the court may also have cited

18 U.S.C. § 3553 or factors or reasons

specicallyprohibitedintheprovisions,

policy statements, or commentary of the

sentencing guidelines as additional reasons.

This category includes departures which

result from government motions as well as

from motions by the parties.

Appendix A | 213

Upward Variance

Upward Variance consists of cases

in which the sentence imposed was above

the applicable guideline range and for

which the court cited a reason on Part VI

of the Statement of Reasons form (Court

Determination for a Variance). This

category includes variances which result

from government motions as well as from

motions by the offender.

Weapon Involvement

Weapon Involvement in a case

isidentiedeitherbytheapplication

of a guideline enhancement for weapon

involvement or a conviction under 18

U.S.C. § 924(c), or both. This variable does

not identify cases in which a weapon is

present in the offense, but the offender was

not convicted of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c) or did

notreceiveaweapon-relatedsentencing

enhancement. It does not identify cases

inwhichthespecicenhancementcanbe

applied for multiple reasons; for example,

thespecicenhancementcanbeappliedif

the offense involved either physical contact

or if a dangerous weapon was possessed.

Finally, this variable does not identify cases

sentenced as weapon offenses under USSG

Chapter Two, Part K, unless they were

convicted of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c).

Within Guideline Range

 Offendersareclassiedinthis

category when the sentence is within

both the guideline range and within the

statutory minimum and maximum. The

sentence must meet minimum zone

requirements as well. In rare instances

when a very small departure or variance

is granted, but the sentence is still within

the original guideline range, the sentence is

reported as within range.

Year

Information on Year is obtained

from the Judgment and Commitment

Order. Unless otherwise indicated, the

sentencingyearisdenedasthescalyear

in which the offender was sentenced.

Zone

The Sentencing Table is categorized

into sentencing Zones. Courts may

impose various types of punishment as

alternatives to imprisonment. Alternative

types of punishment include probation,

homedetention,communityconnement,

andintermittentconnement.Imposition

of alternative types of punishment is

restrictedtooffenderswithinspecic

sentencing zones. See Chapter 5 of the

Guidelines Manual for a description of

alternatives to imprisonment and the

conditions under which they apply.

214 | 2022 Sourcebook

APPENDIX B

Selected National Sentencing Statistics

216 | 2022 Sourcebook

Appendix B | 217

District at a Glance

National

Number of Federal Offenders Over Time

Fiscal Year 2022

Type of Crime

Race and Gender

Sentence Imposed Relative to the Guideline Range

Citizenship, Guilty Pleas, and Trials

SENTENCING INFORMATION BY TYPE OF CRIME

TOTAL Immigration

Drug

Trafficking

Firearms

Fraud/Theft

/Embezzle

Robbery

Child Porn

Money

Laundering

All Other

64,142 17,652 19,938 9,318 5,520 1,444 1,435 1,192 7,643

Mean Sentence (months) 51 12 78 49 22 106 110 61 75

Median Sentence (months) 26 8 60 39 12 96 96 33 20

IMPRISONMENT

Total Receiving Imprisonment 59,070 16,891 19,261 8,775 4,194 1,422 1,417 1,039 6,071

Prison Only 57,106 16,562 18,493 8,551 3,910 1,381 1,390 1,006 5,813

Up to 12 Months 14,434 9,731 1,365 570 1,143 42 32 164 1,387

13 to 60 Months 25,638 6,702 7,635 5,625 2,362 366 348 462 2,138

61 to 120 Months 10,304 126 5,806 2,007 330 496 589 207 743

Over 120 Months 6,730 3 3,687 349 75 477 421 173 1,545

Prison and Alternatives 1,964 329 768 224 284 41 27 33 258

PROBATION

Total Receiving Probation 4,738 760 673 542 1,285 22 18 152 1,286

Probation Only 3,736 568 542 412 983 16 13 105 1,097

Probation and Alternatives

1,002

192 131 130 302 6 5 47 189

FINE ONLY 334 1 4 1 41 0 0 1 286

SOURCE: U.S. Sentencing Commission, 2018 - 2022 Datafiles, USSCFY18 - USSCFY22.

Cases with indeterminable sentence terms are excluded from the calculation of the Mean Sentence or Median Sentence category. Sentences greater than 470 months and probation were included in the sentence average

computations as 470 months and zero months, respectively. Cases in the Total Receiving Imprisonment, Total Receiving Probation, and Fine Only categories total 100 percent of all cases. Cases missing information

required for a specific analysis were excluded from that analysis. Descriptions of variables used in this analysis are provided in Appendix A.

Within

Range

41.9%

Upward

Departure/

Variance

2.9%

§5K1.1

10.4%

§5K3.1

10.4%

Downward

Departure

4.6%

Downward

Variance

29.8%

69,425

76,538

64,565

57,287

64,142

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

11,738

14,486

26,627

2,215

2,891

1,575

3,572

561

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

White Black Hispanic Other

Male Female

Drugs

31.5%

Firearms

14.5%

Other

15.5%

Robbery

2.3%

Fraud/Theft/

Embezzlement

8.6%

Immigration

27.5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S.Citizen Non‐U.S.Citizen

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Plea Trial

218 | 2022 Sourcebook

Selected Sentencing Statistics by District are available on the

U.S. Sentencing Commission’s website.

https://www.ussc.gov/research/sourcebook-2022