PREPARING RESUMES AND WRITING COVER LETTERS
I. UNDERSTAND THE POSITION
The Job Requirements
In order to target your resume and cover letters, it is critical that you invest some time in
understanding requirements of the position.
Benefits
Two critical benefits of better job understanding include:
• Time savings and reduced frustration that results from applying for jobs not
suited to your strengths and aspirations.
• Improved ability to position yourself to meet the needs of the hiring manager.
How to Better Understand the Position
Analyze the Vacancy Announcement
• What are the responsibilities, competencies and skills required?
Ask yourself:
• Do I meet the minimum qualifications?
• Do I have the skills, abilities or competencies for the position?
• Do I have a thorough understanding of the job mandate specifications and the
experience required?
• Why am I really interested in the position?
• Am I interested in the job for the right reasons?
• What do I know about the Department or Unit?
• Does it make sense for me to apply now?
• Does it fit in with my future career goals?
What is the Hiring Manager looking for?
• Use your networking skills to ask/discuss what is critical for this position
• Ask/call the Hiring Manager to obtain further information.
Preparing Resumes and Writing Cover Letters
Do an analysis of the position against your qualifications:
• This analysis will help you focus your application package, including your
covering letter and resume, as well as help you prepare for a potential job
interview;
This analysis can also:
• Highlight the strengths you have for the position, as well as identify any gaps
for future development.
II. PREPARING THE RESUME
Section 1: Profile Statement
Put simply, the profile statement is your introduction. It describes the primary value you
can offer to the organization through the answers to two questions:
1. Who you are
2. What are your key skills and strengths
The purpose is to give prospective hiring managers a quick, high-level, idea of who
you are (professionally!) and what you can do for them.
Sample Profile Statements:
Experienced professional with key strengths in facilities management
and team leadership. Accomplishments in volunteer coordination,
training, and procurement. Motivated, analytical thinker with effective
communication skills.
A motivated, energetic and outgoing individual with strengths in
training, counseling and team management. Focused on bottom-line, well-
organized and action-oriented problem solver who thrives on innovative
challenges. Excellent interpersonal skills in a variety of working
environments, including public service and research organizations.
In the past, resumes usually included an objective statement at the beginning. It was
a way of summarizing the type of position you are seeking. The advantage of a
profile statement over an objective statement is that it gives the opportunity to
position yourself for the job more precisely. Put it this way: if you had 20 seconds
with the director of the unit or department where you were applying,
Preparing Resumes and Writing Cover Letters
would you spend it telling him/her what you want, or would you try to highlight your
skills and experience? Think of your profile statement, then, as those 20 seconds with
the director.
Section 2: Career History and Accomplishments
This section is the main body of your resume, demonstrating how you used your
skills to achieve results and make positive contributions. Use the Skills Assessment
to build key skills phrases and outline your accomplishments.
The two styles that are discussed most often are the chronological format functional
format. Both have their own advantage and disadvantages when it comes to
presenting your information. A third style, the combination, is a compromise
between the two and has become more popular in recent years.
First here is an overview of the three formats. Then, on the next three pages, you can
find abridged samples of the three formats.
Chronological
This is the most common resume style, and generally the easiest to write. In
the chronological format, the emphasis is placed on employment experience.
The applicant's job history is presented in reverse chronological order, with
the most recent jobs placed at the top of the list.
Functional
In this non-linear format your skills and achievements are emphasized
Your employment history is summarized or avoided all together. Your
skills and previous relevant experience (including educational experience) are
presented at the beginning of your resume. They are organized so the
employer can see how your skills relate to the job position you are applying
for. It may take more effort to write a functional resume, but you are free to
highlight your talents instead of your recent job experience.
Combination
The combination resume is simply a functional resume with a brief
employment history added. Skills and accomplishments are still listed
first; the employment history follows. You need to reveal where you
worked, when you worked, and what your job position was. While most
employers might still prefer a chronological resume, this is a good
alternative to the functional resume.
Preparing Resumes and Writing Cover Letters
Section 3: Education
This section is used to profile and highlight your education in terms of completed
degrees, diplomas, certificates, or any of the above that are still in progress. Also
include any evening programs that you are enrolled in. In other
words, you are answering the primary question:
What academic qualifications do you have that are related to the position?
Section 4: Professional and Personal Development
This section is used to highlight any courses, workshops or seminars you have
successfully completed to upgrade your skills and knowledge that are relevant to your
career. In other words, you are answering the question:
What have you done lately to improve and expand your skill set?
III. WRITING THE COVER LETTER
A cover letter is a personal introduction that accompanies your resume; as such,
it should augment your resume in a more personal manner. As a rule, the more
personal your cover letter is, the better.
Think of your cover letter as an opportunity to distinguish yourself from other job
seekers, by highlighting what makes you a unique applicant. Your cover letter also
plays a critical role in creating a hiring manager’s sense of you as a person. Use the
cover letter to convey more fully who you are than your resume. Go into detail about
your background instead of reiterating information on your resume. Remember, your
cover letter provides a sample of your writing to a perspective employer.
Your cover letter should be kept to one page, personalized to an individual whenever
possible, including his or her title (avoid “ To whom it may concern,” if possible),
and always for a specific organization.
Your introduction should indicate how you came to apply for the position such as:
• Responding to a posting
• Referred by Jane Smith in Department Y.
Next, summarize your qualifications related to the position for which you are
applying. It is important to address: your qualifications as they relate to the
requirements of the position, if known, such as with an advertised position.
Amplify or augment information contained in your resume, do not merely
Preparing Resumes and Writing Cover Letters
repeat it. Include a few strengths or personal qualities related to the type of position
you are pursuing.
End with an action appropriate to the contact. For example, if you are responding to
an unadvertised position, indicate you will follow up in a few days. If you are
responding to an advertised position, indicate you are looking forward to the
opportunity to meet or talk further. If it is an advertised position you should still
follow up in a few days unless instructed not to, however, it may be better not to state
this in your letter.
It is important to balance the tone of your cover letter. You want to be professional,
cautiously assertive, but not presumptuous or overconfident. Additionally, while a
resume does not conform to standard writing styles, e.g., using personal pronouns,
articles, and complete sentences with periods, a cover letter does!
Preparing Resumes and Writing Cover Letters
Sample Cover Letter
<<Your Name>>
January 1, 2002
«Hiring Manager's Name»
«Department.
Address»
RE: «Position»
Dear Mr/Ms. «Hiring Manager's Name»,
I have spoken with Margaret Birk, with whom I once served on a CASE commission,
regarding this opening, and she has urged me to apply. Please find enclosed my
application and supporting documentation for your consideration regarding the
«above opportunity».
I have a variety of skills that are ideally matched to the qualifications you are looking
for. My key strengths are (list two or three key competencies related to the position
requirements). In addition, my excellent interpersonal and conflict management skills
have played a key role in providing outstanding levels of support.
My background and training, my xx years in public service administration, and my
overall career in social services are also essential attributes I would bring to your
organization.
I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my experience and skills can be of
value.
Thank you for your consideration.
Sincerely,
Your name
/Enclosures
Preparing Resumes and Writing Cover Letters
Cover Letter Writing Expert Advice
• Personalize the letter
• Be natural (avoid clichés)
• Be specific and get to the point
• Be positive
• Be confident but not arrogant.
• Be polite and professional.
• Be efficient
• Proofread
• Sign it, if possible
• Package it nicely
• Keep a copy for yourself
IV. RESUME TIPS
Avoid I and My
Because your resume is about you to begin with, you don’t need to write the words I
and my. Doing so for every statement is repetitious and clutters your resume with
unnecessary words. Most recipients scan resumes in under 60 seconds before reading
them.
One of the tricks is not really a trick at all, but a simple omission. Just leave out the
words I and my. Some people might have a problem with this, because from grade
school through college, we are taught to write complete sentences. But it is perfectly
acceptable to construct your resume with incomplete sentences. In fact, it' is the
preferred method, which makes it relatively easy to avoid words I and my.
Preparing Resumes and Writing Cover Letters
Keep it Concise
Employers have lots to do, so don't make the mistake of asking them to read
through an unnecessarily long resume. A long, wordy resume will put off
someone who is already short on time. Resumes should be one page if possible, and
two if absolutely necessary to describe relevant work experience. A two-page resume
is no advantage if it's full of information that isn’t reasonably applicable to the
position you’re applying for. Use the space only if you need it to fully disclose your
accomplishment.
Make Your Words Count
Your use of language is extremely important; you need to sell yourself to an
employer quickly and efficiently. Address your potential employer’s needs
with clearly written, powerful phrases.
• Avoid large paragraphs (over six or seven lines) Resumes are often scanned
by hiring managers. If you provide small, digestible pieces of information
you stand a better chance of having your resume actually read.
• Use "action verbs" (see list at end of this section)
• Avoid passive constructions, such as “was responsible for managing.” It is
not only more efficient to say “Managed,” it is stronger and more active
Make the Most of your Experience
Potential employers need to know what you have accomplished to have an idea of
what you can do for them.
• Don’t be vague. Describe things that can be measured objectively. Employers
will feel more comfortable hiring you if they can verify your
accomplishments.
• Be honest. There is a difference between making the most of your experience
and exaggerating or falsifying it.
Don’t Neglect Appearance
Your resume is the first impression you will make on a potential employer, and a
successful resume depends on more than what you say.
Preparing Resumes and Writing Cover Letters
• Check your resume for proper grammar and correct spelling- evidence of
good communication skills and attention to detail.
• Make your resume easy on the eyes. Use normal margins (1” on the top and
bottom 1.25” on the sides) and don’t cram your text onto the page. Allow for
some breathing room between the different sections.
• Avoid unusual or exotic font styles; use simple fonts with a professional
look.
• Label your resume sections clearly.
Target. Target. Target.
Emphasize what you can do for an employer. Be specific. If you are going after
more than one job opening, customize your resume accordingly. It helps to tailor
your resume for a specific position. Remember to only include the experience that is
relevant to the job.
Eliminate Superfluous Details
Unnecessary details can take up a lot of valuable space on your resume.
Action Verbs
Use action words to describe your experience and accomplishments. Here are some
action words to use:
• Achieved
• Acquired
• Adapted
• Addressed
• Administered
• Analyzed
• Anticipated
• Assembled
• Assisted
• Audited
• Budgeted
• Calculated
• Centralized
• Changed
• Collaborated
• Composed
• Condensed
• Conducted
• Drafted
• Edited
• Eliminated
• Enforced
• Established
• Evaluated
• Expanded
• Explained
• Forecasted
• Formed
• Founded
• Generated
• Guided
• Hired
• Implemented
• Improved
• Informed
• Insured
• Originated
• Oversaw
• Performed
• Planned
• Prevented
• Produced
• Programmed
• Promoted
• Provided
• Publicized
• Recruited
• Reorganized
• Reported
• Researched
• Resolved
• Reviewed
• Selected
• Separated
• Constructed
• Contracted
• Converted
• Coordinated
• Created
• Cultivated
• Demonstrated
• Designed
• Developed
• Devised
• Discovered
• Doubled
• Interpreted
• Interviewed
• Launched
• Maintained
• Managed
• Marketed
• Minimized
• Motivated
• Negotiated
• Obtained
• Operated
• Organized
• Set up
• Simplified
• Solved
• Surveyed
• Staffed
• Supervised
• Taught
• Tested
• Trained
• Used
V. THE ELECTRONIC RESUME
An electronic resume is simply your resume in a format that can be sent over e-mail
or in the internet. The advantage to having an electronic resume is simple – you can
respond via e-mail or the web to job openings posted all over the world.
If your resume is saved on a computer or floppy diskette, you already have it in
electronic format; that is not to say, however, that it is in the most useful format.
While it is true that most e-mail systems can accommodate document attachments—
be they in Word, Word Perfect or otherwise—it won’t be true that every person or
organization to whom you would like to send such a document is to receive it in that
format. Plain text files (also called ASCII or MS-DOS Text and recognized by its
three letter file extension:.txt) however, are universally accessible and, in many cases,
required.
To make your electronic resume universally accessible, follow these steps:
• Using a standard word processing application, compose a resume as you
normally would. Note that plain text format is very basic—it does not
recognize formatting such as bullets, bold-face or italics. Consider using
asterisks (*), plus symbols (+) and capital letters to achieve similar effects. In
any case, make sure your resume is legible in absence of these formatting
features.
• If the word processing application permits, set your margin at 0 and 65
characters. (This means that your longest line, including spaces, exceeds 65
characters before wrapping to a new line.) This makes you resume easier to
read and, just as importantly safe to print.
• Using the "Save" command (or, if you are converting a document from
Preparing Resumes and Writing Cover Letters
another format, the “Save As…” command), save your document as an ASCII or
MA-DOS Text document. Remember to append the proper extension on to the
file name, e.g. “resume.text” or in Word “resume.doc”
__________________________
Source: Career Support Programme
Staff Development Services OHRM
