Publicly Owned Land in Auckland
Craig Fredrickson
November 2018
Technical Report 2018/025
Publicly owned land in Auckland
November 2018 Technical Report 2018/025
Craig Fredrickson
Research and Evaluation Unit (RIMU)
Auckland Council
Technical Report 2018/025
ISSN 2230-4525 (Print)
ISSN 2230-4533 (Online)
ISBN 978-1-98-856484-5 (Print)
ISBN 978-1-98-856485-2 (PDF)
This report has been peer reviewed by the Peer Review Panel.
Review completed on 2 November 2018
Reviewed by two reviewers
Approved for Auckland Council publication by:
Name: Eva McLaren
Position: Manager, Research and Evaluation (RIMU)
Name: Regan Solomon
Position: Manager, Land Use and Infrastructure Research and Evaluation (RIMU)
Date: 2 November 2018
Recommended citation:
Fredrickson, Craig (2018). Publicly owned land in Auckland. Auckland Council technical
report, TR2018/025
© 20
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Executive summary
Understanding the location and nature of publicly owned land forms an important
information source for the management of land, and the decision-making process for both
central and local government. Publicly owned land is land that is owned by the New
Zealand Government, also known as the Crown (and its entities) as well as land owned by
local and regional councils, their council-controlled organisations, and any subsidiaries of
either. Land having no owner, such as areas that fall under the Marine and Coastal Area
(Takutai Moana) Act 2011, or owned by other entities may also be categorised as being
publicly owned.
While public entities, such as individual government ministries and departments or local
councils, may have in-depth knowledge about their own land holdings, there are few
sources of information to look at the location of publicly owned land as a whole. Previously
no such dataset existed for Auckland.
To identify publicly owned land in Auckland a methodology was developed using data
primarily from Land Information New Zealand. In order to create a dataset that could have
utility, a classification system for public owned land was developed.
The modelling produced datasets that allow the mapping and quantification of Auckland’s
publicly owned land. Given the complex nature of property data there are a number of
caveats and limitations on the resulting datasets. This research formalises and builds on
some simple analysis first undertaken by Auckland Council’s Research and Evaluation
Unit (RIMU) for the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) in 2014.
This report’s dataset is generated by identifying parcels, belonging to titles, on which a
public entity was listed as being either owner or part owner, or has an indication in either
its intent or statutory action. This does not mean that the land encompassed by identified
parcels is owned by a public entity, but provides an indication. It is for this reason that this
dataset should be thought of as a proxy dataset of publicly owned land in Auckland.
Auckland has 44,240 parcels that were identified as being publicly owned. This is 9.45 per
cent of the region’s total parcels. The parcels identified as being publicly owned cover
19.12 per cent of Auckland’s land area, or 93,542 hectares. Local government was the
largest category of land owner, accounting for 40 per cent of the publicly owned land total.
A large area of land also fell into the ‘other’ category – for the most this is where land could
be notified as being public, but its owner could not.
Publicly owned land in Auckland iii
Parcel count and area of publicly owned land in Auckland, by Group 1 category
Group 1 Count of parcels
Proportion of
parcels
Area (ha)
Proportion of
area
Crown
26,187
59%
25,494
27%
Local government
12,399
28%
37,164
40%
Other
5,654
13%
30,884
33%
Total
44,240
93,542
The dataset created in this report can be overlaid with other spatial datasets, for example,
zoning groups within the Auckland Unitary Plan, as show in the table below.
Publicly owned land by area (hectares), by category, and Auckland Unitary Plan (operative
in part) zoning group
Zoning group Crown
government
Other Total
Business
450
50
1,038
Coastal
280
1,097
2,946
General
2,634
21,756
25,184
New growth
75
61
191
Public Open Space
4,353
7,389
41,508
Residential
3,127
57
3,515
Rural
14,367
201
18,070
Special purpose zone
207
273
1,070
(blank)
0
0
20
Total
25,494
30,884
93,542
The Productivity Commission has recommended that councils and MBIE work together to
develop a comprehensive inventory of publicly owned land
1
. This report and research
responds to the Commission’s recommendations.
1
New Zealand Productivity Commission (2015). Using land for housing
Publicly owned land in Auckland iv
Publicly owned land in Auckland, by Group 3 category (urban area)
Publicly owned land in Auckland v
Table of contents
Executive summary ......................................................................................................................... iii
Table of contents ........................................................................................................................... vi
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Study background ........................................................................................................ 2
1.2 Study overview ............................................................................................................ 3
1.3 Report overview ........................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Notes and limitations .............................................................................................................. 4
3.0 Methodology for creating a proxy dataset of publicly owned land ........................................... 8
3.1 Key technical definitions .............................................................................................. 8
3.2 Methodology overview ................................................................................................. 8
3.3 Outputs of modelling process .................................................................................... 14
3.4 Step 1: Using ownership information to test for public ownership of a parcel ............. 15
3.5 Steps 2 and 3: Using additional parcel information to test for public ownership ......... 17
3.6 Step 4: Using other tests to determine public ownership ............................................ 21
4.0 Methodology for analysing the publicly owned land proxy dataset ....................................... 22
4.1 Tagging with extra attributes ...................................................................................... 22
4.2 Creating a ‘flat’ parcel dataset ................................................................................... 22
5.0 Results and analysis ............................................................................................................ 23
5.1 Publicly owned land by category ................................................................................ 23
5.2 Publicly owned land (area) by local board .................................................................. 30
5.3 Publicly owned land (area) by Auckland Unitary Plan zoning ..................................... 33
6.0 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 36
7.0 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 39
8.0 References .......................................................................................................................... 40
9.0 Appendices .......................................................................................................................... 43
Appendix A: List of central government agencies and local government entities included in model,
with classification group and type .................................................................................................. 44
Appendix B: FME workbench showing modelling process to associate ‘Property Title Owners’
information to ‘Primary Land Parcels’ using the ‘Title Parcel Association List’ ............................... 55
Appendix C: List of tests to identify and classify publicly owned land ............................................ 56
Appendix D: FME workbench showing modelling process to identify publicly owned land in
Auckland .......................................................................................................................... 58
Appendix E: FME workbench showing modelling process to tag flattened publicly owned land
dataset with additional attributes ................................................................................................... 64
Appendix F: FME workbench showing modelling process to create flattened publicly owned land
dataset for analysis ....................................................................................................................... 65
Publicly owned land in Auckland vi
1.0 Introduction
Publicly owned land can take many forms. This includes a large amount of open
space, such as our national parks, conservation areas, recreation and local reserves,
and sports grounds. It can also include land that has buildings on it, such as schools,
government and council offices, courts, police and fire stations, community buildings
such as halls and swimming pools, as well as houses or commercial buildings.
Publicly owned land falls into one of three categories. The first is land that is owned
by the New Zealand Government and its entities, which is known as Crown land. The
second is land that is owned by a local authority or its entities. A local authority is a
city or district council, a unitary authority, or a regional council. Auckland Council is
an example of a local authority, while Auckland Transport and other council-
controlled organisations (CCOs) are examples of council owned entities. The third
category is land that is not owned by the Crown or councils but could be considered
‘publicly owned’. This includes marine and coastal areas bounded “by the line of
mean high-water springs and … the outer limits of the territorial sea” (s. 9) that fall
under the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011. While land
encompassed by the act has special status and is “incapable of ownership” (s. 3),
provisions of the act allow for rights of access, navigation, and fishing and other
recreational activities (Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011). Given
this land has no ownership, but has public access, and the management of these
areas is often conferred upon the Minister of Conservation, or a local authority, it
could be considered ‘public’.
While individual public organisations may know about their land holdings, there are
few sources of information to look at the location of publicly owned land as a whole.
The New Zealand Productivity Commission in its report on using land for housing
noted that this was a shortcoming, pointing out that information about public land
holdings, especially in cities, is not readily available, and that the Government and
local authorities should make an inventory of their land holdings (2015).
Housing supply and affordability has become an issue in Auckland and New Zealand
(New Zealand Productivity Commission, 2012; Parker, 2015; Johnson, Howden-
Chapman, & Eaqub, 2018). The Productivity Commission noted that there was a
significant amount of public land that was currently vacant or substantially
unimproved, that could be suitable for residential development (New Zealand
Productivity Commission, 2015). The Commission noted that the Government
intended to use 400 hectares of surplus Crown land in Auckland for housing and that
there are other opportunities to use surplus land in other cities to help offset the
shortfall of lower-priced housing (New Zealand Productivity Commission, 2015).
Publicly owned land in Auckland 1
Having a dataset of publicly owned land that can be used for analysis could also
enable the crown and local authorities to better understand each other’s assets and
their potential to better deliver projects such as these.
Councils in London, when faced with reduced funding for housing from central
government and increased demand for housing have sought to use public land for
redevelopment projects to both increase housing supply and to generate returns
(Beswick & Penny, 2018). These redevelopment projects are not dissimilar to those
currently being undertaken by Housing New Zealand in parts of Auckland. In both
these examples, having an understanding of public land holdings can help agencies
make better decisions by allowing them to understand not only where their land is
located, but where opportunities for collaboration with other agencies could occur.
Understanding the location, type, and the shape and size of publicly owned land can
form an important information source for the management of land, including
understanding past, current, and future patterns, and planning for future provisions.
1.1 Study background
In late 2014 the New Zealand Government initiated several policies in order to
increase housing supply. This included the then Minister for Housing, Nick Smith,
asking officials from the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) to
undertake analysis to assess the possibility of developing or redeveloping publicly
owned land (A. Anderson, personal communication, 27 November 2014).
In order to undertake such an estimate, geospatial data indicating the location of
publicly owned land was required; at the time, no such dataset existed.
In November 2014 MBIE approached the Research and Evaluation Unit (RIMU) of
Auckland Council to assist them in developing and executing a method to identify
publicly owned land. The method used property parcel and title information from
Land Information New Zealand (LINZ), based on set of search parameters developed
by LINZ and MBIE. This data was then supplied to RIMU who undertook analysis to
create a spatial or GIS dataset that could be used for further analysis.
Since 2014 LINZ had been developing a spatial dataset to indicate the location of
publicly owned land across the whole of New Zealand which has been forming part of
further investigations by the Crown land department (Land Information New Zealand,
2015b). At the time LINZ’s model did not include assessment of local government (or
their associated entities) land holdings.
Starting in October 2015 RIMU decided to expand on the method that was developed
with MBIE in 2014. It was hoped that a repeatable process could be established
Publicly owned land in Auckland 2
using more automation, that was more accurate. The improved method developed,
and analysis of the results, is documented in this report.
1.2 Study overview
The purpose of this study is to:
• Create datasets of publicly owned land, which take into account the complex
nature of property and ownership.
• Undertake analysis of these new datasets, and report on the results, along
with relevant commentary.
• Publish documentation of the method and analysis of the publicly owned land
datasets.
1.3 Report overview
This report sets out the methodology used in order to generate Auckland Council’s
publicly owned land dataset. This methodology was developed between October
2015 to January 2016 by Craig Fredrickson, Researcher in the Land Use and
Infrastructure Research and Evaluation team of RIMU.
The method used to generate the publicly owned land dataset is loosely based on
the simpler method developed in 2014, the results of which were incomplete and not
widely distributed due to the large number of limitations associated with it. Using title
owner information sourced from LINZ, as well as other parcel related information,
also sourced from LINZ, a series of queries was formulated to identify and tag land
that had at least one owner that could be identified as being the Crown, or a related
entity, or belonging to local government. This analysis excludes parcels that have
been vested in council for roading.
The resulting output of the model is a spatial dataset. Each parcel is tagged with
ownership information derived from the title, as well as additional tags developed as
part of this process, to indicate the nature of ownership. Parcels were also tagged
using a classification system that was developed in order to group the results, based
on categorisation of ownership, for effective analysis. The configuration of central
government agencies is complicated, and any modelling work to identify public land
needs to account for these complexities.
It is hoped that this dataset can be used as a basis for further analysis to help inform
planning and policy decisions of Auckland Council and its subsidiaries.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 3
2.0 Notes and limitations
The publicly owned land dataset has a number of limitations that should be noted
before using the dataset, or undertaking any analysis based on the dataset.
1. This dataset is generated by identifying parcels, belonging to titles, on which a
public entity was listed as being either owner or part owner, or has an
indication in either its intent or statutory action. This does not mean that the
land encompassed by identified parcels is owned by a public entity, but
provides an indication. It is for this reason that this dataset should be thought
of as a proxy dataset of publicly owned land in Auckland.
2. The relationship between parcels and titles is not always a one-to-one
relationship and can take many forms (one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one,
or many-to-many) including unit and strata titles. This means that a parcel may
have many owners, only one of which is a public entity.
3. Some of the land displayed on the map may not be publicly owned in its
entirety – remember title ownership may refer to more than just land, but
space above land, below ground, or a part share of the land, and in some
cases includes leasehold land, unit titles, and cross lease titles.
4. Interest in the land can also come through mechanisms such as by leasehold,
life estates, and easements. These interests have been included in the
dataset, but can be filtered out for analysis.
5. While checks have been done on the results of the modelling outputs, there is
no way to effectively manually check all parcels in Auckland to see if they
have been categorised correctly.
6. Public organisations, and their associated entitles that are ‘public’ for the
purposes of this study include:
• The Crown
• Crown Agents, Crown Entities, Public Finance Act Organisations or
Companies, or State Owned Enterprises
• Auckland Council
• Auckland Council, council-controlled organisations (CCOs), and
• Auckland Council or CCO subsidiaries.
7. Land identified as having no ownership, but being encompassed by the
provisions of the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011 has
been included, but has been identified and categorised to reflect this special
status.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 4
8. Auckland’s maunga are managed by Tūpuna Taonga o Tāmaki Makaurau
Trust, which was established by Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau
Collective Redress Act 2014. The Act vests the ownership and management
of Auckland’s maunga in trust for the common benefit of the iwi/hapū of Ngā
Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau and the other people of by the Tūpuna
Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority (Tūpuna Taonga o Tāmaki Makaurau
Trust). The maunga must also remain as reserves. Given this, for the
purposes of this study, the maunga have been included as ‘publicly owned
land’, but have been identified and categorised to reflect their special status.
9. This assessment does not include land that is ‘owned’ by government mixed
ownership model companies, which as at February 2018 included:
• Genesis Energy Limited,
• Mercury NZ Limited, and
• Meridian Energy Limited.
10. Also excluded from this assessment is land that has been identified in the
LINZ parcel dataset as being ‘road’, ‘hydro’, or ‘streambed’. Roads, including
state highways, are vested in local councils, with powers, functions and duties
for state highways being with New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA), and all
motorways that are state highways are vested in the Crown (New Zealand
Transport Agency, 2013).
11. Text based queries have been used to select parcels based on owner names
from the master dataset. These queries were based on the list of names of
public entities at the time of analysis. If the names of these entities change in
the future, or entities are created or dissolved, the queries will need to be
changed. Note that these queries cannot take into account errors in title
ownership records.
12. The dataset is static – it is a ‘snapshot in time’ view of ownership at the time
the data was extracted from their relevant sources.
13. As such, legislative implications for changes in land use and/or ownership are
acknowledged, but commentary has not been included.
14. The LINZ data used in this model has limitations; currently not every title is
included in their dataset, and these do not always match to parcels. The
match between live and part cancelled titles
2
, through the method outlined in
2
Live titles are current titles, and don’t include historic titles that have been extinguished or
superseded. ‘Part cancelled titles’ are where only part of the titles has been extinguished or
superseded.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 5
this report, and current parcels is more than 97 per cent, but is not 100 per
cent complete.
15. Not every title in the LINZ data used has an owner registered against it; in
these cases, other means of testing for ownership have been used, but these
may not be as accurate.
16. Both the Public Trust and the Māori Trustee are listed as being Crown entities.
Both are listed as owners of land in the LINZ datasets. Because they hold this
land in trust for others, they have been excluded from this analysis.
17. Auckland Council has a number of joint ventures, or companies that are part
owned by council. These have not been included in this analysis. Examples of
these include:
• Auckland International Airport Limited
• New Lynn Central Limited
• New Zealand Food Innovation Auckland Limited.
18. Parcels that are only partly in the Auckland region have been clipped to
ensure that only land which lies within the Auckland region has been included
in the modelling and analysis (refer to Section 3.2.2).
19. Ownership structures may not always be reflected within the data. Because
parcel ownership has been identified by determining if a public entity is listed
as being either owner or part owner, or if the parcel has an indication in either
its intent or statutory action, there is potential for exclusion where parcels fall
under mixed- or other complex ownership models and such attributions do not
specify the public nature of ownership, intent or action. For example, while the
CCO Auckland Council Investments Limited (ACIL) owns 22.4 per cent of
Auckland International Airport Ltd, Auckland International Airport Ltd remains
a publicly traded corporation (Auckland Council, 2018a). As such, the title,
intent and action of airport parcels reflect Auckland International Airport Ltd’s
private ownership and does not elaborate on ownership structure. As outlined
in Note 5, there is no way to undertake an effective manual check for such
complexities.
20. The parcel dataset used for the current analysis, ‘NZ Primary Land Parcels’,
does not include road parcels. This dataset was used because it was
determined to be the best fit and least complex for this analysis. To include
roads in the current analysis, the model would have to be rerun using a
different dataset, such as ‘NZ Parcels,’ or an amalgam of ‘NZ Primary Land
Parcels’ and ‘NZ Primary Road Parcels.’ However, while all roading parcels
Publicly owned land in Auckland 6
are vested either in local council or the Crown, these datasets do not offer this
discrepancy; assumptions would have to be made. Motorways, where the
‘parcel statutory action’ has been identified as ‘motorway,’ have been included
in the analysis to ensure the data output is as complete as possible. Motorway
parcels that have not been identified in this way have been excluded by the
model. Further work is required if all motorway and roading parcels are to be
included in this analysis.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 7
3.0 Methodology for creating a proxy dataset of publicly
owned land
3.1 Key technical definitions
There are a number of technical terms used in this report, particular relating to
property information – in order to assist the reader, some of the key terms have been
defined (Table 1).
Table 1: Key technical definitions
Term Definition
Parcel
A cadastral polygon with a legal description (can also
be known as a property, section or lot). Usually
created through a subdivision process, but can also be
created through legislation or a gazette notice.
Title
For the purposes of this study, the term title refers to
the land or area contained on a registered Certificate
of Title. Note that the land on a title may contain one or
more parcels.
Parcel intent
Parcel intent can indicate usage; the list of intents is
extensive. In the majority of instances parcel intent
indicates whether a parcel is on a fee simple title or
was captured as part of the Digital Cadastral Database
(DCBD). Parcel intent can also include where a parcel
has been vested in the Crown or in a local authority or
has been gazetted for another use, such as for a
reserve.
Parcel statutory action
A parcel statutory action is a note saved against a
parcel. It indicates that the action is authorised by a
specific Part or Section of an Act.
3.2 Methodology overview
The method employed to identify publicly owned land is a multi-stage process, with
each stage selecting, with progressively less accuracy, parcels that meet the criteria
being tested. The process undertaken is illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 1 is made up of one or more tests (detailed later in this section) that act as a
sieve or a filter, meaning that if a parcel’s ownership is determined, it is then
funnelled to the final dataset, and only those parcels that have not met the criteria
pass to the next test or stage for further analysis.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 8
In order to effectively analyse the publicly owned land proxy dataset after creation, a
classification system was needed in order to group the results. When each property
is classified as being in public ownership it was also tagged. Information on the
classification system developed and used is included in Section 3.2.5.
The data preparation and identification processes are undertaken in geospatial
software called FME
3
. FME workbenches have been used to create a model, in
which selection queries and other parameters can be adjusted and re-run as
necessary.
This section documents how each step in the process was undertaken and the
parameters used, in order to generate the publicly owned land proxy dataset.
3
FME is a software product that incorporates an integrated collection of tools for spatial data
transformation and data translation, and is published by Safe Software Inc. of Surrey, British
Columbia, Canada. FME is considered to be a GIS (Geographic Information Systems) utility that
enables conversion between data formats and processes and is able to manipulate and generate data
geometry and attributes.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 9
Figure 1: Processing steps to create publicly owned land proxy dataset
Publicly owned land in Auckland 10
3.2.1 Data sources and descriptions
Data used in the modelling is detailed in Table 2. In order to run the model these
datasets need to be downloaded from the data providers.
Table 2: List of data sources and descriptions used in modelling
Data Description
Data date; organisation;
source
NZ Primary Land Parcels
Current land parcel polygons
with associated descriptive data
(Land Information New Zealand,
2010). This dataset does not
include parcels that have been
vested in council for roading
(see section 2.0 note 20).
6 April 2018; Land
Information New
Zealand; LINZ Data
Service
NZ Property Title Owners
Owner/title dataset (where there
is a data link to a primary
parcel). A title is a record of all
estates, encumbrances and
easements that affect a piece of
land (Land Information New
Zealand, 2012).
6 April 2018; Land
Information New
Zealand; LINZ Data
Service
NZ Title Parcel Association
List
A table used to associate live
and part cancelled titles to
current spatial parcels (Land
Information New Zealand, 2013).
6 April 2018; Land
Information New
Zealand; LINZ Data
Service
Department of Conservation
(DOC) Public Conservation
Areas
Spatial representation of DOC's
management units defined by
various acts of parliament and
legislation. The attributes in this
dataset are derived from the
National Property and Land
Information System (NaPALIS)
(Department of Conservation,
2015a).
1 March 2017;
Department of
Conservation;
Koordinates
3.2.2 Parcel data preparation
The data extraction process from the LINZ data portal includes some parcels on the
border with Auckland and these need to be excluded. A number of parcels fall across
the border of Auckland and the Waikato region. As such, before being used for
modelling, this data has been clipped to ensure that only the land associated with
these parcels that falls within the Auckland region has been retained for analysis.
There were no such issues with parcels falling across the boundary between
Auckland and Northland.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 11
3.2.3 Associating title and parcel information
The first step in the modelling process is to associate the ownership details and other
information that is stored against property titles to land parcels. This is done in FME
using the ‘title parcel association list’. The title parcel association list contains a list of
all titles, and the parcels listed on those titles. This list is a many-to-many
relationship; a single title may have one or more parcels on it, and a parcel may have
one or more title on it. The parcel title association list is joined to the parcel dataset
using the unique parcel identification (par_id), which is then joined to the title
information using the unique title identification (title_no). The resulting output is a
parcel based spatial dataset, which is used as the basis for further modelling.
A copy of the FME workbench (a model schematic) used to perform this preparatory
work can be found in Appendix B.
A full list of the tests used to identify land and that are discussed throughout this
section can be found in Appendix C. The table in this appendix also notes how the
results of each test are tagged with owner information.
3.2.4 Classification and tagging of publicly owned land
Each parcel identified as being publicly owned is classified and tagged according to
its owner in order to allow better, easier analysis. This includes being tagged at three
levels of ownership groupings, by the owner name, the certainty of ownership, and
lastly with a note if additional information about the parcel ownership is warranted,
such as the status of a holding company or subsidiary if it is not 100 per cent owned
by a public entity.
3.2.5 Classification of owner types and owner groups
Three levels of classification have been used to categorise identified publicly owned
land, with each level or ‘group’, being more specific. The groups are listed in Table 3.
It should be noted that when Crown or local government ownership is referenced in
this report, it includes all land included in any sub-categories. For example, local
government land includes all land that is owned by council, council-controlled
organisations, or any of their subsidiaries.
For parts of the analysis where more than one public entity owner has been identified
for a parcel, the category of ‘mixed public ownership’ has been applied. From the
April 2018 dataset used in this study, 111 parcels (0.25 per cent of the total number
identified as being publicly owned) covering approximately 70 hectares (also 0.25 per
cent) fell into this category.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 12
Table 3: Publicly owned land owner classification groupings
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Crown
Crown
Crown
Infrastructure and Transport
Reserves, Gazetted, and Other Land
Schools*
Department of Conservation Estate
Crown Agent, Crown Entity, PFA
Organisation or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown Entity, PFA
Organisation or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
District Health Board
Tertiary Education Institution
Housing New Zealand
Schools*
Local
Government
Council
Council
Council-Controlled Organisation
Council-Controlled Organisation
Council or CCO Subsidiary
Council or CCO Subsidiary
Other
Crown, Territorial Authority, or other
body
Reserves, Gazetted, and Other Land
Common Marine and Coastal Area
Common Marine and Coastal Area
Tūpuna Taonga o Tāmaki Makaurau
Tūpuna Taonga o Tāmaki Makaurau
Multiple public owners
Multiple public owners
* Identification of parcels as being part of a school can be made through multiple means depending on the nature of their
ownership information.
A full list of the all the central government agencies and local government entities can
be found in Appendix A.
3.2.6 Parcel owner
Parcels are also tagged with the name (or names) of the owner(s) if known. In a few
cases the ownership details have needed to be standardised. This is done where a
number of owner’s names were found for a single organisation. This usually occurs
where an entity has had a name change or has transitioned to become a different
organisation, such as the merger of councils in Auckland in 2010, and the property
ownership records have not been changed to match.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 13
3.2.7 Parcel ownership certainty
Each parcel is tagged with the ownership certainty. Ownership derived or determined
using the owner from title information is deemed to be the most certain, with parcel
intent, and statutory action being less certain (Figure 2).
Figure 2: Parcel ownership certainty
3.3 Outputs of modelling process
The outputs of the modelling process are delivered in the form of a GIS spatial
database (ESRI filegeodatabase v10.4). The geodatabase includes the parcel
shapes, as well as the related parcel information. This means that the data can be
both mapped and viewed in tabular form, enabling both spatial and aspatial analysis.
The file also includes the associated title information from each parcel’s title,
including the owner details, where known. In addition to this a number of other fields
have been included from the modelling process; these are listed along with a
description in Table 4. There is one parcel shape for each instance of public
ownership. For analysis of the number of parcels and land area covered by those
parcels the data must first be ‘flattened’ to create a dataset with no overlaps. The
methodology for that analysis is outlined in Section 4.0.
Table 4: List of fields added to parcel data in modelling process
Field name
Field description
POL_Group1
Publicly owned land owner categorisation Group 1.
POL_Group2
Publicly owned land owner categorisation Group 2.
POL_Group3
Publicly owned land owner categorisation Group 3.
POL_Owner
Owner details, either from title information or proxy based on modelling.
POL_Certainty
Level of certainty of owner details.
POL_Note
Note relating to the parcel. This field has been used to denote additional
information about owner details.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 14
3.4 Step 1: Using ownership information to test for public
ownership of a parcel
The first test for public ownership uses ownership information from property title
records. Property title records show a property's proprietors, legal description and the
rights and restrictions registered against the property title (Land Information New
Zealand, 2015a).
The FME workbench uses a series of string query tests (essentially a text search) to
determine if an owner matches an entity that has been identified as being ‘public’.
These queries are formulated manually to match each entity. Because these text
searches look for an exact match, they may potentially miss parcels where the
owners name has been misspelled; text searches in FME are not case sensitive.
The following two sub-sections detail the queries for identifying crown owned land,
and land owned by local government (and associated entities).
3.4.1 Using title owners name to identify Crown owned land
The configuration of central government agencies is complicated, and the list is
extensive. It includes departments, entities such as crown agents, autonomous
crown entities, independent crown entities, crown research institutes, school boards
of trustees, tertiary education institutions, Public Finance Act Schedule 4
organisations and companies, state owned enterprises, and other agencies such as
the Reserve Bank and the Offices of Parliament (State Services Commission, 2015).
In Step 1 of analysis, six sets of string query tests were developed to identify and tag
parcels that had an owner related to the Crown; these are listed in Table 5. Also
included in this table are the categorisation that identified parcels were tagged with
and notes on why the queries were included.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 15
Table 5: List of query sets used to identify Crown owned land, including notes
Test
Entities
Note
Test 1
Crown agents, Crown
entities, Public Finance
Act Schedule 4
organisations and
companies, and state
owned enterprises
Includes search for all Crown entities included in the
State Service Commission’s list (February 2018),
excluding the Public Trust and the Māori Trustee.
Test 2
Tertiary education
institutions
Includes search for all universities, polytechnics/institutes
of technology, and wananga.
Test 3 Housing New Zealand
Housing New Zealand is a Crown agent, but for the
purposes of this exercise has been included in its own
query to allow easy identification for analysis. This test
also includes searching for HNZ predecessors.
Test 4 District health boards
District health boards are Crown agents, but for the
purposes of this exercise have been included in their
own query to allow easy identification for analysis.
Some property owned by DHBs still have their
predecessors listed as owners (Crown Health
Enterprises established as part of the 1993 health reform
programme).
Test 5 Her Majesty the Queen
Most Crown owned property that is used by public
service departments has an owner of ‘Her Majesty the
Queen’, so only a single query is needed to identify these
parcels.
Test 6
School Boards of
Trustees
Many parcels that make up public schools have the
owner listed as ‘Her Majesty the Queen’ but there are
several instances where the Board of Trustees of some
schools are listed as the owner. This query captures
these.
3.4.2 Using title owner name to identify local government (and associated
entities) owned land
Three additional string queries in the model identify and tag parcels that have
Auckland Council and associated entities as an owner; these queries are outlined in
Table 6: List of query sets used to identify local government (and associated entities)
owned land.
A full list of the Auckland Council CCOs and Auckland Council and CCO subsidiaries
included in the queries can also be found in Appendix A.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 16
Table 6: List of query sets used to identify local government (and associated entities)
owned land
Query
set
Entities Note
Test 7
Auckland Council (and
predecessors)
Most council property has ‘Auckland Council’ listed as
the owner, but there are a few examples that have its
predecessors, both immediate and distant (for example
councils that were disestablished under the 1989 local
government reforms), as owners.
Test 8
Auckland Council CCOs
(and predecessors)
Council currently has six ‘substantive’ CCOs and a
number of legacy CCOs (Auckland Council, 2018b)
Test 9
Auckland Council
subsidiaries or CCO
subsidiaries
Auckland Council and its CCOs also have subsidiaries;
where these are known they have been included in this
test. Part shareholdings or joint venture companies
where Auckland Council or a CCO is not the sole
shareholder have not been included.
Test 10
Tūpuna Maunga o
Tāmaki Makaurau Trust
Auckland’s maunga are to held in trust for the common
benefit of the iwi/hapū of Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki
Makaurau and the other people of Auckland, by the
Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Authority (Tūpuna
Maunga o Tāmaki Makaurau Trust).
3.5 Steps 2 and 3: Using additional parcel information to test for
public ownership
Ownership of a property provides the most certain test of whether a parcel is publicly
owned. Of the more than 500,000 land parcels in Auckland (as at 18 January 2018),
there were over 18,000, or just over three per cent, with no owner associated with
them. In some cases it is possible to use other information associated with parcels
that give an indication of their potential ownership. Two fields of information stored
against each parcel, ‘parcel intent’ and ‘statutory action’, can be analysed in order to
provide an indication of owner which can be used to assign a classification.
3.5.1 Step 2: Using ‘parcel intent’ to identify Crown and local government
owned land
Each parcel’s intent status can indicate its usage; the list of intents is extensive
4
and
not all intents are seen in the parcel data for Auckland. In the vast majority of
instances parcel intent indicates whether a parcel is on a fee simple title or was
captured as part of the Digital Cadastral Database (DCBD). Parcel intent can also
4
A full list of the parcel intent usage types can be found on the LINZ website
(
http://www.linz.govt.nz/kb/488)
Publicly owned land in Auckland 17
include where a parcel has been vested in the Crown or in a local authority or has
been gazetted for another use, such as for a reserve.
Table 7 lists the intents observed for Auckland in the April 2018 parcel dataset.
Where a parcel’s intent clearly indicates ownership by either the Crown on by a
territorial authority, a classification has been assigned.
Table 7: List of parcel intents observed in Auckland (April 2018) and ownership
classification (proxy for ownership)
Parcel intent
Classification (proxy for
ownership)
Accretion
Common Marine and Coastal Area (Sec 237A(1)(b) RM
Act)
Other
DCDB
Fee Simple Title
Hydro
Crown
Lease
Legalisation
Māori
Railway
Crown
Reclamation Area
Residue Parcel
Road
Crown or Territorial Authority
Statutory
Strata
Streambed
Crown
Vesting on Deposit for Accessway
Vesting on Deposit for Historic Reserve (Territorial
Authority)
Territorial Authority
Vesting on Deposit for Local Purpose Reserve
Crown, Territorial Authority, or
other body
Vesting on Deposit for Nature Reserve (Crown)
Crown
Vesting on Deposit for Recreation Reserve (Crown)
Crown
Vesting on Deposit for Recreation Reserve (Territorial
Authority)
Territorial Authority
Vesting on Deposit for Scenic Reserve (Crown)
Crown
Vesting on Deposit for Scenic Reserve (Territorial
Authority)
Territorial Authority
Vesting on Deposit in Lieu of a Reserve (Crown)
Crown
Publicly owned land in Auckland 18
Parcel intent
Classification (proxy for
ownership)
Vesting on Deposit in the Crown (Sec 237A(1)(b) RM
Act)
Crown
Vesting on Deposit in the Territorial Authority (Sec
237A(1)(a) RM Act)
Territorial Authority
The Department of Conservation (2015b) notes that local purpose reserves are
“administered by the department or by other ministers, boards, trustees, local
authorities, societies and other organisations”. The Reserves Act 1977 doesn’t
stipulate the ownership of the individual local purpose reserves, but notes that they
may be vested in a local authority, an administering body, or otherwise (Reserves Act
1977). For this reason, where a parcel’s intent is ‘Vesting on Deposit for Local
Purpose Reserve’ it has been given the classification of ‘Crown, Territorial Authority,
or other body’.
Parcels with an intent of ‘Common Marine and Coastal Area (Sec 237A(1)(b) RM
Act)’ are not owned by any entity or person; the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai
Moana) Act states “neither the Crown nor any other person owns, or is capable of
owning, the common marine and coastal area” (Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai
Moana) Act 2011, s. 11.2). Parcels that fall within the Common Marine and Coastal
Area maintain public right of access and may be used for any lawful activity (Marine
and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011); as such, parcels with this intent have
been given a classification of ‘other’. This means that they will be included in the
publicly owned land dataset generated, but will not be tagged with an owner of
‘other’.
Another set of string queries is used based on the parcel intent classification to
identify parcels with this intent, and tag them with a proxy owner, where no
ownership is known.
The string queries used in the model to identify and tag parcels that likely are in
public ownership are outlined in Table 8.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 19
Table 8: List of query sets using parcel intent to identify publicly owned land
Test
Test name
Note
Test 11 Territorial Authority
Where parcel intent specifically states that a parcel has
been vested to a territorial authority.
Test 12 Railway
Where parcel intent specifically states that it is used for
rail purposes.
Test 13 Crown
Where parcel intent specifically states that a parcel has
been vested to the Crown.
Test 14
Reserves and other
gazetted land
Where parcel intent states that a parcel has been vested
as a reserve or through a gazette notice, but the owner
may be the Crown, a territorial authority, or another body.
Test 15
Common Marine and
Coastal Area
Where parcels have no owner, but are for public use,
under the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act.
3.5.2 Step 3: Using parcel ‘statutory action’ to identify Crown and local
government owned land
A ‘statutory action’ is the action that is authorised by a specific Part or Section of an
Act (Land Information New Zealand, 2016), and, like parcel intent, in some cases it
can be used as a proxy for ownership.
An example of where parcels that have neither owner, nor a parcel intent that
indicates that it is publicly owned, and yet could be considered publicly owned is
where it has a statutory action of ‘Conservation Area Sec 62 Conservation Act 1987’.
Section 62 of the Conservation Act states that land that was State forest or Crown
land prior to the Act, and meets other criteria, shall be held for conservation purposes
(Conservation Act 1987); this strongly indicates that such land should be classified as
publicly owned.
Parcels with a statutory action that indicate that the parcel be used as a road have
been excluded (since land vested as roads have not been included in other part of
this analysis). Parcels that have a statutory action that have indicates that they are
used as a motorway, have been categorised and tagged.
As per the process outlined earlier, a set of string queries is used based on statutory
actions to identify parcels, and tag them with a proxy owner, where no ownership is
known, and no parcel intent indicated they were publicly owned.
The string queries to identify and tag parcels that likely are in public ownership are
outlined in Table 9.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 20
Table 9: List of query sets using parcel statutory action to identify publicly owned land
Test
Test name
Note
Test 16 Schools
Where an action includes the term school, education, or
college, and does not include the term ‘disposed of’.
Test 17 Motorways
Where an action includes the term motorway, and does
not include the term ‘disposed of’.
Test 18 Railways
Where an action includes the term railway, and does not
include the term ‘disposed of’.
Test 19
Crown
Where an action includes the term ‘crown’.
Test 20
Local government
Where action includes the term ‘Town Hall’.
Test 21 Other land
Where an action includes the terms related to reserves,
stream and river beds, defence land, and conservation
areas, but hasn’t been identified through a previous
query, or by gazette.
3.6 Step 4: Using other tests to determine public ownership
3.6.1 Department of Conservation estate
A spatial layer showing the extents of the DOC estate can be used to identify any
remaining DOC land that hasn’t been identified through other means.
The final test in the model identifies if any of the remaining parcels fall within the
DOC estate, and tags any that do; this is outlined in Table 10.
Table 10: Test used to identify parcels that fall within the DOC estate
Test
Test name
Note
Test 22 Within the DOC estate
This is a spatial query; where a parcel is within the DOC
estate, it is selected and tagged.
When all tests have been completed, copies of parcels that have been identified as
being publicly owned and tagged with their classification, are saved in a file-
geodatabase (GIS file).
Publicly owned land in Auckland 21
4.0 Methodology for analysing the publicly owned land
proxy dataset
4.1 Tagging with extra attributes
To allow further analysis of the publicly owned land dataset, each parcel was tagged
with additional attributes as part of this analysis; this included the local board that it
was in, and the base zone from the Auckland Unitary Plan (operative in part),
detailed below (Table 11).
A model schematic of the FME workbench used to tag the polygon features of the
flattened dataset with additional attributes can be found in Appendix E.
Table 11: List of additional data sources and descriptions used in analysis
Data Description Organisation; source
Auckland Council local board
boundaries
Polygons indicating the extents
of the local board areas for
Auckland.
Statistics New Zealand;
2013 census-based
geographic boundary
files.
Zoning (Auckland Unitary
Plan, operative in part)
Extents of zoning defined by
polygons for the Auckland
Unitary Plan, operative in part
(as at November 2016).
Auckland Council; SDE
5
4.2 Creating a ‘flat’ parcel dataset
While the core dataset created for this research identifies parcels that have been
identified as having a public owner, where there are multiple public owners of titles
on a single parcel, analysis becomes more difficult. This occurs when there are unit
or cross lease titles, and also leasehold titles on parcels.
In order to calculate the area of coverage of publicly owned land in Auckland as well
as sub-regional areas, such as by local board, a ‘flattened’ dataset must be created
from the publicly owned dataset. The same schema is used for the output dataset as
for the core publicly owned land dataset, but in the case where a parcel has more
than one public entity owner the categorisation is changed to ‘multiple public owners’.
This dataset is also tagged with local board and zoning information as noted above.
A model schematic of the FME workbench used to create the flattened dataset can
be found in Appendix F.
5
SDE refers to Auckland Council’s ArcGIS geospatial repository
Publicly owned land in Auckland 22
5.0 Results and analysis
The analysis shows that of the 468,157 parcels in the Auckland region, 44,240 were
identified as being publicly owned. This equates to 9.45 per cent of the region’s total
parcels. The parcels identified as being publicly owned cover 19.12 per cent of
Auckland’s land area, or 93,542 hectares.
This section of the report breaks down the analysis of the identified publicly owned
land by a number of categories, including by owner type (Crown or local
government), as well as by owner, and by local board area.
As noted in earlier, the process to identify and classify publicly owned land uses a
number of methods, including assessing the name of a title’s owner and other
information stored as part of the parcel dataset. Analysis on how parcels have been
identified as being publicly owned show that a large majority (85 per cent) were
identified using ownership information, which is the most reliable (Table 12).
Table 12: Proportion of parcels identified as being publicly owned by method used to
identify them
Ownership certainty type
Proportion of total
Owner
85%
Parcel intent
1%
Parcel statutory action
15%
Other
>1%
5.1 Publicly owned land by category
Across Auckland nine per cent of parcels were identified as being publicly owned,
with six per cent being Crown owned and three per cent being owned by local
government. Assessing ownership by land area shows that together Crown land
covered five per cent of Auckland, while local government owned land covers eight
per cent. Land that was categorised as being publicly owned, but falling in the ‘other’
6
category covers a further six per cent of the land of the region.
Analysis of the number and land area of parcels that are publicly owned by Group 1
categories (refer Table 3) shows that while the parcels owned by the Crown account
for over half of the number (59 per cent), the land area covered by them only
accounts for less than a third of the total (27 per cent) (Table 13).
6
For land that falls into the ‘other’ category, refer to Table 3.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 23
The location of publicly owned land in the Auckland region is illustrated below (Figure
3).
Table 13: Parcel count and area of publicly owned land in Auckland, by Group 1
category
Group 1
Count of
parcels
Proportion of
parcels
Area (ha)
Proportion of
area
Crown
26,187
59%
25,494
27%
Local Government
12,399
28%
37,164
40%
Other
5,654
13%
30,884
33%
Total
44,240
93,542
Publicly owned land in Auckland 24
Figure 3: Publicly owned land in Auckland, by Group 3 category
Publicly owned land in Auckland 25
Further breaking down the ownership information by Group 2 categories (Table 14)
shows that the category ‘Crown Agent, Crown Entity, PFA Organisation or Company,
or State Owned Enterprise’, has the largest number of parcels (20,377) but only
covers a small land area. The vast majority of parcels within this category (19,799, or
97 per cent) are owned by Housing New Zealand; Transpower which owns the
second highest number of parcels has only 139. Other owners in this category
included universities and other tertiary institutions, Fire and Emergency New Zealand
(formerly the New Zealand Fire Service), and the region’s district health boards.
Table 14: Parcel count and area of publicly owned land in Auckland, by Group 2
category
Group 1 Group 2
Count of
parcels
Proportion
of total POL
parcels
Area (ha)
Proportion
of total POL
area
Crown
Crown
5,810
13%
23,334
25%
Crown Agent,
Crown Entity, PFA
Organisation or
Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
20,377 46% 2,160 2%
Local
Government
Council
11,702
26%
34,014
36%
Council-Controlled
Organisation
593 1% 3,014 3%
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
104 0% 136 0%
Other
Crown, Territorial
Authority, or other
body
5,466 12% 30,525 33%
Tūpuna Taonga o
Tāmaki Makaurau
26 0% 268 0%
Multiple public
owners
162 0% 91 0%
Total
44,240
93,542
Crown owned land accounts for 13 per cent of parcels identified as being publicly
owned, and covers a quarter of the land area. The majority of parcels and land area
in the Crown category has a registered owner of ‘Her Majesty the Queen’; other land
in this category has been identified as having the Crown as an owner through other
means. Examples of land with the owner of Her Majesty the Queen include schools,
government buildings, land acquired for state highways and motorways, and
reserves. For example, Figure 4 shows different types of land owned by Her Majesty
Publicly owned land in Auckland 26
the Queen in central Auckland: Old Government House (top left-hand corner), the
Auckland High Court, part of the University of Auckland campus, part of the railway
corridor, and commercial properties (acquired for state highway improvements).
Figure 4: Example of parcels owned by Her Majesty the Queen in central Auckland
Further breaking down Crown owned land, using the Group 3 category we can see
that Housing New Zealand is the largest Crown owner, by number of parcels (Table
15). Land that was identified as being a school covers an area of 841 hectares.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 27
Table 15: Parcel count and area of Crown owned land in Auckland, by Group 3
category
Group 3 (Crown only)
Count of
parcels
Area (ha)
Crown
3,664
20,860
Crown Agent, Crown Entity, PFA Organisation or
Company, or State Owned Enterprise
310 309
Department of Conservation Estate
9
109
District Health Board
79
142
Housing New Zealand
19,799
1,435
Infrastructure and Transport
603
732
Reserves, Gazetted, and Other Land
339
803
School
1,209
841
Tertiary Education Institution
175
265
Total
26,187
25,494
It should be noted that most land that is used for schools falls within the ‘Crown’
category, as the land’s registered owner is ‘Her Majesty the Queen’; the land that
falls in the ‘school’ category includes land that is directly owned by a board of
trustees, or has a parcel intent or parcel statutory action indicating the land is used
for schools. An example of this can be seen in Figure 5, showing Avondale College,
Avondale Intermediate School, and Rosebank School; here the land for the schools
falls across three categories.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 28
Figure 5: Example of school land falling in more than one category
Exploring the local government category by owner names (where the owner can be
determined) we can see that Auckland Council directly owns the largest amount of
land (34,014 hectares), followed by Watercare with nearly 3000 hectares, 782
hectares of which is associated with their Māngere wastewater treatment facility.
Auckland Transport owns just nine hectares of land, which includes land that has
been purchased for the Auckland Manukau Eastern Transport Initiative (AMETI). All
of the land that Auckland Transport manages as part of the road corridor is excluded
from this assessment.
Table 16: Ownership in local government category (Group 1)
Owners in local government category
Count of
parcels
Area (ha)
Auckland Council
11,702
34,014
Auckland Transport
33
9
Panuku Development Auckland Limited
173
34
Ports of Auckland Limited
104
136
Regional Facilities Auckland Limited
20
64
Watercare Services Limited
367
2,906
Total
12,399
37,164
Publicly owned land in Auckland 29
5.2 Publicly owned land (area) by local board
Auckland Council’s local board areas break the region up into 21 smaller areas. The
different nature of the local boards, with many being urban, some being rural, and
some being a mix, sees an uneven distribution of publicly owned land across them.
The Rodney Local Board area has the largest amount of publicly owned land (by
area) with just over 25,600 hectares (Table 17: Publicly owned land in hectares, by
Group 1 category, and local board area). The local board with the least publicly
owned land is the Whau Local Board area, with just 440 hectares. The Waitākere
Ranges Local Board area has the most local government owned land (15,118
hectares), with much of this land forming the Waitākere Ranges Regional Park.
The Great Barrier Local Board area has a large amount of land falling in the ‘other’
category (just over 17,500 hectares). This includes all of Little Barrier Island, which
has been vested as a nature reserve, and large tracts of Great Barrier Island that are
held for conservation purposes
7
.
7
This land has been classified as ‘other’ because there was no owner information and from the parcel
statutory intent it’s not always clear who the land has been vested in, or is owned by.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 30
Table 17: Publicly owned land in hectares, by Group 1 category, and local board area
Local board Crown
Local
government
Other Total
Albert - Eden
320
121
79
520
Devonport - Takapuna
147
531
88
765
Franklin
1,640
8,043
1,443
11,126
Great Barrier
1,735
225
17,547
19,508
Henderson - Massey
361
419
191
972
Hibiscus and Bays
357
1,025
465
1,848
Howick
291
686
157
1,133
Kaipātiki
148
359
293
800
Māngere - Ōtāhuhu
442
1,436
80
1,958
Manurewa
486
532
73
1,091
Maungakiekie - Tāmaki
314
373
146
834
Ōrākei
144
368
100
612
Ōtara - Papatoetoe
415
491
114
1,020
Papakura
275
329
92
695
Puketāpapa
238
182
62
483
Rodney
15,940
5,127
4,605
25,672
Upper Harbour
446
748
448
1,643
Waiheke
116
514
4,231
4,860
Waitākere Ranges
1,288
15,118
569
16,975
Waitematā
138
387
56
581
Whau
253
143
44
440
Outside
0
9
0
9
Grand Total
25,494
37,164
30,884
93,542
Publicly owned land in Auckland 31
Figure 6: Publicly owned land (Group 1 categories) and Auckland local board
boundaries
Publicly owned land in Auckland 32
5.3 Publicly owned land (area) by Auckland Unitary Plan zoning
This section looks at where publicly owned land is in relation to the zoning of the
Auckland Unitary Plan (operative in part).
Assessment by zoning group shows that public open space zones contain the largest
amount of publicly owned land, with over 40,000 hectares (Table 18). The rural
zones contain a significant amount of Crown owned land.
Table 18: Publicly owned land by area (hectares), by category, and Auckland Unitary
Plan (operative in part) zoning group
Zoning group Crown
Local
government
Other Total
Business
450
537
50
1,038
Coastal
280
1,570
1,097
2,946
General
2,634
793
21,756
25,184
New growth
75
56
61
191
Public Open Space
4,353
29,766
7,389
41,508
Residential
3,127
331
57
3,515
Rural
14,367
3,502
201
18,070
Special purpose zone
207
590
273
1,070
(blank)
0
20
0
20
Total
25,494
37,164
30,884
93,542
Evaluation by individual zones shows that the Public Open Space – Conservation
zone has the largest amount of publicly owned land it in, with just over 31,000
hectares (Table 19), followed by the Hauraki Gulf Islands zone (24,000 hectares) and
the Rural Coastal zone (12 hectares).
Table 19: Publicly owned land by area (hectares), by category, and Auckland Unitary
Plan (operative in part) zoning
Zone Crown
Local
government
Other Total
Airport
1
0
224
226
Business Park
9
1
0
10
Cemetery
0
224
23
246
City Centre
28
98
3
130
Coastal Transition
4
8
2
14
Countryside Living
200
234
1
435
Publicly owned land in Auckland 33
Zone Crown
Local
government
Other Total
Defence
6
0
0
6
Ferry Terminal
0
1
1
2
Future Urban
75
55
61
190
General Business
17
3
0
21
General Coastal Marine
256
1,502
1,090
2,847
Green Infrastructure Corridor
0
0
0
0
Hauraki Gulf Islands
1,837
737
21,619
24,194
Healthcare Facility
151
0
0
151
Heavy Industry
119
55
0
174
Large Lot
16
61
0
77
Light Industry
118
230
15
363
Local Centre
4
5
0
9
Major Recreation Facility
3
185
22
211
Māori Purpose
4
6
3
12
Marina [rcp/dp]
15
42
1
58
Metropolitan Centre
17
44
1
62
Minor Port [rcp/dp]
0
4
0
4
Mixed Housing Suburban
1,366
91
19
1,476
Mixed Housing Urban
1,087
46
5
1,138
Mixed Rural
689
363
38
1,089
Mixed Use
120
34
29
183
Mooring [rcp]
0
13
2
15
Neighbourhood Centre
1
1
0
2
Public Open Space - Civic Spaces
0
3
0
3
Public Open Space - Community
1
52
27
80
Public Open Space - Conservation
3,941
21,893
5,574
31,409
Public Open Space - Informal
Recreation
269 5,714 1,362 7,346
Public Open Space - Sport and
Active Recreation
142 2,104 425 2,671
Quarry
0
174
0
174
Road [i]
11
11
5
28
Rural and Coastal settlement
24
9
0
33
Rural Coastal
11,770
461
109
12,340
Publicly owned land in Auckland 34
Zone Crown
Local
government
Other Total
Rural Conservation
0
0
19
19
Rural Production
1,660
2,345
31
4,036
School
3
1
1
5
Single House
302
81
26
409
Strategic Transport Corridor
785
16
1
801
Terrace Housing and Apartment
Buildings
332 43 6 381
Tertiary Education
46
0
0
46
Town Centre
16
65
1
83
Waitakere Ranges
31
90
4
124
Waitakere Ranges Foothills
17
11
0
28
Water
2
29
130
161
Other
0
20
0
20
Total
25,494
37,164
30,884
93,542
Publicly owned land in Auckland 35
6.0 Discussion
The creation of a method to identify, and create a proxy dataset of, publicly owned
land in Auckland has been a difficult and complex process. In order to create the
modelling process a lot of understanding has been required on areas such as:
property information, including title-parcel relationships, title ownership details, parcel
intent and parcel statutory actions, the nature of vested land, and parcels created
through legislation or gazette notices. This includes familiarity with the Reserves Act
1977, Conservation Act 1987, Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011,
and the Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau Collective Redress Act 2014. An
understanding of the hierarchy and classification of Crown entities, and Auckland
Council CCOs was also needed.
The complicated nature of both the property datasets used and the development of
an efficient and useable categorisation system means that the outputs of this
research should be used cautiously and the caveats and notes provided should be
read and understood.
This research provides for the first time the quantification of publicly owned land in
Auckland across a number of categories. While the dataset has caveats it can be
used for both council and government agencies to assess and make decisions
related to their land holdings. While data pertaining to the property assets of separate
organisations can often be viewed in isolation, using a dataset such as this can
enable council or government entities to understand how their land holdings relate to
each other, potentially providing better decision making, especially in the space of
urban redevelopment projects.
Given that there is no single dataset recording property holdings of both local and
central government in New Zealand that can be used for decision making, does one
need to be created?
In its report Using land for housing, the Productivity Commission noted that only two
cities that had undertaken a stocktake of publicly owned land that could be used for
housing was Auckland and Christchurch (New Zealand Productivity Commission,
2015). Housing accords for both cities between the Government and the councils
prompted these stocktakes, and the Auckland assessment used an early version of
the method outlined in this research.
A recommendation of the Commission was that MBIE in conjunction with councils
make an inventory of publicly owned land, which could form a basis for assessment
for the identification of surplus land that could be used for housing development (New
Zealand Productivity Commission, 2015).
Publicly owned land in Auckland 36
To date it appears that no inventory has been created. The proxy dataset created as
part of this study can be used to indicate the location of publicly owned land,
something that did not exist before. While this proxy dataset of publicly owned land in
the city is not a complete inventory, it could form the basis of one if cross referenced
with property and asset management datasets from both Auckland Council and
central government.
A key user in Auckland of such an inventory would be the council CCO Panuku
Development Auckland. Panuku is charged with leading development and place
shaping in urban areas, as well as the acquisition and sale of land of council and
CCO projects, including the sale of property that has been deemed to be surplus to
requirements (Panuku Development Auckland, 2018). Panuku notes that they “will
support housing demands by enabling development of council-owned land” (Panuku
Development Auckland, 2018), but the disposal of land for development, including
new housing has not been without issues (Mealing, 2017; Russell, 2018).
The Auckland Housing Accord’s land assessment identified Crown owned land. As a
result, in 2015, the New Zealand Government provided a budget for the development
of Crown land for housing (New Zealand Government, 2015). Known as the Crown
Land Development Programme (CLDP) it has been designed to identify vacant or
under-utilised Crown owned land in Auckland that is suitable and available for
housing development, and to facilitate the construction of dwellings to increase
housing supply (Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment, 2017a). Further
funding for the programme was included in the 2017 Government budget (New
Zealand Government, 2017). Currently there are six projects underway in Auckland
in: Massey, Mount Albert, Waterview, Te Atatū, Manukau, and Point England
(Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment, 2017b).
The first development in Massey, West Auckland, was announced in 2015 (Nichols,
2015; Smith, 2015). MBIE identified a property in Crown ownership as being surplus
to requirements by using the early version of the publicly owned land dataset.
Unfortunately because the dataset only identified this land, and others, as being
publicly owned, and was not part of a more comprehensive inventory, the fact that
the land was required to be offered to local iwi who have first right of refusal under
their Treaty of Waitangi settlement was not considered (Radio New Zealand, 2015).
Another user of such an inventory could be Crown entities, Housing New Zealand
and HLC (formerly known as the Hobsonville Land Company). While HLC’s
developments to date have been concentrated on Hobsonville, in 2016 it was tasked
with helping Housing New Zealand provide more homes to growth areas, particularly
Publicly owned land in Auckland 37
Auckland, by managing housing development projects on under-utilised Government-
owned land (HLC, 2017).
Given some of the shortcomings of the proxy dataset there is room for further work
on the topic of publicly owned land; further work could be done to improve any future
analysis. While the modelling has tried to take into account a large number of owner
names, and other parcel related data, to assess whether land is publicly owned or
not, there will be properties that the queries have missed. As time permits, small
improvements to the model could be made ensure its accuracy and ensure the
robustness of the outputs created.
The modelling and analysis created for this project can be repeated at future points
and the results can be compared to see if there are changes in the amount, location,
and types of publicly owned land.
Extra effort could also be used to understand how this dataset can be used in
decision-making processes, and to explore the possibility of a more robust land
inventory of publicly owned land (including both simplified and more fine grained sub-
classification of land use and ownership).
Publicly owned land in Auckland 38
7.0 Conclusion
This report has responded to a call by the Productivity Commission to create an
inventory of publicly owned land in Auckland. This report has outlined the process
undertaken in constructing this dataset. Auckland Council was identified as the public
entity with the largest land holdings in the region, with over 34,000 hectares of land.
Another 30,000 hectares of land was identified as being owned by the Crown,
Auckland Council, or another body, but its owner was not able to be identified using
the information available. Twenty per cent of Auckland’s land area is publicly owned,
making it an important class of land in the region. The results of the methodology
outlined in the report allow for the quantification and analysis of this land, something
which hasn’t been easy to do in the past.
This report details the method used to identify publicly owned land, in order for future
users of the datasets created to clearly understand what is included and what is not.
A number of programmes to undertake development on land suitable for housing or
dispose of land surplus to requirements have been initiated or continued by both the
Crown and Auckland Council. The publicly owned land dataset created by this
research forms a strong piece of evidence to support the decision-making processes
of both, and could form the basis of a detailed inventory of publicly owned land.
Further analysis using the publicly owned land dataset could also prove to be useful.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 39
8.0 References
Auckland Council (2018a). Auckland Council Investments Limited (ACIL). Retrieved 1
November, 2018, from https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-
council/how-auckland-council-works/council-controlled-
organisations/Pages/auckland-council-investments-limited.aspx
Auckland Council. (2018b). Council-controlled organisations (CCO). Retrieved 16
April, 2018, from https://www.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz/about-auckland-
council/how-auckland-council-works/council-controlled-
organisations/Pages/default.aspx
Beswick, J., and Penny, J. (2018). Demolishing the Present to Sell off the Future?
The Emergence of ‘Financialized Municipal Entrepreneurialism’ in London.
International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 42(4), pp.612-632.
Conservation Act 1987. Retrieved from
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1987/0065/latest/DLM106977.html
Department of Conservation. (2015a, 12 September). DOC Public Conservation
Areas. Retrieved 21 December, 2015, from https://koordinates.com/layer/754-
doc-public-conservation-areas/
Department of Conservation. (2015b). Reserves Act 1977. Retrieved 22 December,
2015, from http://www.doc.govt.nz/about-us/our-role/legislation/reserves-act/
HLC. (2017). HLC - Homes. Land. Community. Retrieved 15 February, 2018, from
https://hlc.co.nz/
Johnson, A., Howden-Chapman, P. and Eaqub, S. (2018). A Stocktake of New
Zealand’s Housing. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Business, Innovation
and Employment.
Land Information New Zealand. (2010, 20 December). NZ Primary Land Parcels.
Retrieved 21 December, 2015, from https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/823-nz-
primary-land-parcels/
Land Information New Zealand. (2012, 29 March). NZ Property Title Owners.
Retrieved 21 December, 2015, from https://data.linz.govt.nz/layer/806-nz-
property-title-owners/
Land Information New Zealand. (2013, 10 January). NZ Title Parcel Association List.
Retrieved 21 December, 2015, from https://data.linz.govt.nz/table/1569-nz-title-
parcel-association-list/
Land Information New Zealand. (2015a). Property titles & plans. Retrieved 6 January,
2016, from http://www.linz.govt.nz/land/land-records/types-land-
records/property-titles-plans
Publicly owned land in Auckland 40
Land Information New Zealand. (2015b). Publically Owned Land – Developing a
proxy dataset (draft) (Geospatial Services Team). Wellington, New Zealand:
Land Information New Zealand.
Land Information New Zealand. (2016, 2 January). NZ Parcel Statutory Actions List.
Retrieved 7 January, 2016, from https://data.linz.govt.nz/table/1565-nz-parcel-
statutory-actions-list/
Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai Moana) Act 2011. Retrieved from
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2011/0003/54.0/DLM3213131.html
Mealing, F. (2017, 22 August). Public stoush over Auckland Council's plans to sell
prime land to developers. Retrieved 15 February, 2018, from
https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/property/96023978/Public-stoush-over-
Auckland-Councils-plans-to-sell-prime-land-to-developers
Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment. (2017a, 13 November). Crown
Land Development Programme. Retrieved 15 February, 2018, from
http://www.mbie.govt.nz/info-services/housing-property/crown-land-
development-programme
Ministry of Business Innovation and Employment. (2017b, 13 November). Sites
identified for the Crown Land Development Programme. Retrieved 15
February, 2018, from http://www.mbie.govt.nz/info-services/housing-
property/crown-land-development-programme/sites-identified-for-the-crown-
land-development-programme
New Zealand Government. (2015, 22 May). Fund to facilitate Auckland housing
development. Retrieved 15 February, 2018, from
https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/fund-facilitate-auckland-housing-
development
New Zealand Government. (2017, 26 May). $100m more for housing on Crown Land.
Retrieved 15 February, 2018, from https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/100m-
more-housing-crown-land
New Zealand Productivity Commission. (2012). Housing affordability inquiry.
Wellington, New Zealand: New Zealand Productivity Commission.
New Zealand Productivity Commission. (2015). Using land for housing. Wellington,
New Zealand: New Zealand Productivity Commission.
New Zealand Transport Agency. (2013). State highway control manual. Wellington,
New Zealand: New Zealand Transport Agency.
Nichols, L. (2015, 29 May). Revealed: Auckland's cheap housing locations. Retrieved
10 May, 2018, from
https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11456836
Panuku Development Auckland. (2018, Unknown). What we do. Retrieved 15
February, 2018, from https://www.panuku.co.nz/what-we-do
Publicly owned land in Auckland 41
Parker, C. (2015). Housing supply, choice and affordability (Chief Economist Unit).
Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland Council.
Radio New Zealand. (2015, 16 June). Auckland housing land already offered to iwi.
Retrieved 10 May, 2018, from
https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/276365/auckland-housing-land-
already-offered-to-iwi
Reserves Act 1977. Retrieved from
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1977/0066/52.0/DLM444305.html
Russell, A. (2018, 30 April). Car park battle becomes fight for democracy. Retrieved
10 May, 2018, from https://www.newsroom.co.nz/2018/04/29/106488/the-car-
park-battle-thats-turned-into-a-fight-for-democracy
Smith, N. (2015, 30 May). First Crown land parcels for development identified.
Retrieved 10 May, 2018, from https://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/first-crown-
land-parcels-development-identified
State Services Commission. (2015). A guide to New Zealand’s central government
agencies. Wellington, New Zealand: State Services Commission.
Publicly owned land in Auckland 42
9.0 Appendices
Publicly owned land in Auckland 43
– List of central government agencies and Appendix A
local government entities included in model, with
classification group and type
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Accident Compensation
Corporation
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Accreditation Council Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
AgResearch Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Agricultural and Marketing
Research and Development Trust
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Airways Corporation of New
Zealand Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Animal Control Products Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Arts Council of New Zealand Toi
Aotearoa
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Asia New Zealand Foundation Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
AsureQuality Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Auckland City Water Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Auckland Council
Local Government
Council
Council
Auckland Council Investments Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Auckland Council Property Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Auckland District Health Board Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
District Health Board
Auckland Film Studios Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Publicly owned land in Auckland 44
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Auckland International Airport Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Auckland Regional Amenities
Funding Board
Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Auckland Regional Transport
Authority
Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Auckland Tourism Events and
Economic Development
Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Auckland Transport Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Auckland University of
Technology
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Tertiary Education
Institution
Auckland Waterfront Development
Agency
Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Broadcasting Commission Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Broadcasting Standards Authority Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Bunker Shipz Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Callaghan Innovation Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Careers New Zealand Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Children’s Commissioner Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
City Rail Link Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Civil Aviation Authority of New
Zealand
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
COMET Auckland Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Commerce Commission Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Conlinxx Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Publicly owned land in Auckland 45
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Controller and Auditor-General Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Counties Manukau District Health
Board
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
District Health Board
Crown Asset Management
Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Fibre Holdings Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Irrigation Investments
Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Department of Conservation
Estate
Crown Crown Crown
Drug Free Sport New Zealand Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Earthquake Commission Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Education New Zealand Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Education Payroll Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Electoral Commission Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Electricity Authority Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Electricity Corporation of New
Zealand Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Energy Efficiency and
Conservation Authority
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Publicly owned land in Auckland 46
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Environmental Protection
Authority
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
External Reporting Board Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Fairway Resolution Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Families Commission Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Financial Markets Authority Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Game Animal Council Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Genesis Energy Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Government Superannuation
Fund Authority
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Guardians of New Zealand
Superannuation
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Health and Disability
Commissioner
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Health Benefits Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Health Promotion Agency Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Health Quality and Safety
Commission
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Health Research Council of New
Zealand
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Publicly owned land in Auckland 47
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Her Majesty the Queen
Crown
Crown
Crown
Heritage New Zealand Pouhere
Taonga
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Housing New Zealand
Corporation
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Housing New Zealand
Human Rights Commission Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Independent Police Conduct
Authority
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Institute of Environmental Science
and Research Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Institute of Geological and
Nuclear Sciences Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
KiwiRail Holdings Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Kordia Group Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Landcare Research New Zealand
Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Landcorp Farming Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Law Commission Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Leadership Development Centre
Trust
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Learning Media Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Publicly owned land in Auckland 48
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Manukau Institute of Technology Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Tertiary Education
Institution
Māori Trustee, the Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Maritime New Zealand Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Massey University Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Tertiary Education
Institution
Meridian Energy Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Meteorological Service of New
Zealand Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Mighty River Power Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Motorway Crown Crown
Infrastructure and
Transport
Museum of New Zealand Te Papa
Tongarewa Board
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
National Institute of Water and
Atmospheric Research Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
National Pacific Radio Trust Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Network for Learning Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Lynn Central Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
New Zealand Antarctic Institute Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Artificial Limb
Service
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Publicly owned land in Auckland 49
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
New Zealand Blood Service Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Film Commission Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Fire and Emergency New Zealand
(formerly New Zealand Fire
Service Commission)
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Fish and Game
Council
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Food Innovation
Auckland
Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
New Zealand Forest Research
Institute Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Game Bird Habitat
Trust Board
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Government
Property Corporation
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Institute for Plant
and Food Research Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Lotteries
Commission
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Post Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Productivity
Commission
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Qualifications
Authority
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Railways
Corporation
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Publicly owned land in Auckland 50
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
New Zealand Sentencing Council Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Symphony
Orchestra
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Tourism Board Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Trade and
Enterprise
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Transport Agency Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Venture Investment
Fund Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
New Zealand Walking Access
Commission
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Ngāi Tahu Ancillary Claims Trust Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Office of Film and Literature
Classification
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Office of the Ombudsmen Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Pacific Co-operation Foundation Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Pacific Island Business
Development Trust
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Panuku Auckland Development Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Parliamentary Commissioner for
the Environment
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Publicly owned land in Auckland 51
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Pharmaceutical Management
Agency
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Ports of Auckland Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Privacy Commissioner Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Public Trust Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Quotable Value Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Radio New Zealand Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Railway Crown Crown
Infrastructure and
Transport
Real Estate Agents Authority Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Regional Facilities Auckland Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Research and Education
Advanced Network New Zealand
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Reserve Bank of New Zealand Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Reserves, Gazetted, and Other
Land
Other Other
Reserves, Gazetted, and
Other Land
Reserves, Gazetted, and Other
Land
Crown Crown
Reserves, Gazetted, and
Other Land
Retirement Commissioner Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Schools
Crown
Crown
Schools
Sentencing Council Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Social Workers Registration
Board
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Publicly owned land in Auckland 52
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Solid Energy New Zealand
Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Southern Response Earthquake
Services Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Sport and Recreation New
Zealand
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Standards Council Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Takeovers Panel Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Waitematā Redevelopment
Company Limited
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Te Ariki trust Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Te Puru Community Charitable
Trust
Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Te Reo Whakapuaki Irirangi
(Maori Broadcasting Funding
Agency)
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Te Taura Whiri I Te Reo Māori
(Maori Language Commission)
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Te Wananga o Aotearoa (Te
Awamatu)
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Tertiary Education
Institution
Television New Zealand Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Tertiary Education Commission Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
The Contemporary Art Foundation Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Transport Accident Investigation
Commission
Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Publicly owned land in Auckland 53
Name
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Transpower New Zealand Limited Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Tūpuna Taonga o Tāmaki
Makaurau Trust Limited
Other
Tūpuna Taonga o Tāmaki
Makaurau
Tūpuna Taonga o Tāmaki
Makaurau
Unitec Institute of Technology Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Tertiary Education
Institution
University of Auckland Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Tertiary Education
Institution
Waitematā District Health Board Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
District Health Board
Watercare Services Local Government
Council-Controlled
Organisation
Tertiary Education
Institution
WorkSafe New Zealand Crown
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
Crown Agent, Crown
Entity, PFA Organisation
or Company, or State
Owned Enterprise
World Masters Games 2017 Local Government
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Council or CCO
Subsidiary
Publicly owned land in Auckland 54
– FME workbench showing modelling Appendix B
process to associate ‘Property Title Owners’
information to ‘Primary Land Parcels’ using the ‘Title
Parcel Association List’
Publicly owned land in Auckland 55
– List of tests to identify and classify Appendix C
publicly owned land
Notes on table
† Denotes that the owner field has been populated with a standardised
owner name. This is done where a number of owner’s names were
found for a single organisation. This usually occurs where an entity has
had a name change or has transitioned to become a different
organisation, such as the merger of councils in Auckland in 2010.
§ Denotes where the ownership information has been determined from a
source other than title ownership information and should not be
considered 100 per cent correct.
Table 20: List of tests to identify and classify publicly owned land
Test
Test Name
Note
Owner
Tests using owner to identify Crown owned land
Test
1
Crown agents, Crown entities,
Public Finance Act Schedule
4 organisations and
companies, and state owned
enterprises
Includes search for all Crown entities included in
the State Service Commission’s list (October
2015).
Owner name from
title information
Test
2
Tertiary education institutions
Includes search for all universities,
polytechnics/institutes of technology, and
wananga.
Owner name from
title information
Test
3
Housing New Zealand
Housing New Zealand is a Crown agent, but for
the purposes of this exercise has been included
in its own query to allow easy identification for
analysis. This test also includes searching for
HNZ predecessors.
Housing New
Zealand
†
Test
4
District health boards
District Health Boards are Crown agents, but for
the purposes of this exercise have been included
in their own query to allow easy identification for
analysis.
Some property owned by DHBs still have their
predecessors listed as owners (Crown Health
Enterprises established as part of the 1993 health
reform programme)
District health board
name
†
Test
5
Her Majesty the Queen
Most Crown owned property that is used by
public service departments has an owner of ‘Her
Majesty the Queen’, so only a single query is
needed to identify these parcels.
Her Majesty the
Queen
Test
6
School Boards of Trustees
Many parcels that make up public schools have
the owner listed as ‘Her Majesty the Queen’ but
there are several instances where the Board of
Trustees of some schools are listed as the owner.
This query captures these.
Owner name from
title information
Tests using owner to identify council owned land
Publicly owned land in Auckland 56
Test
Test Name
Note
Owner
Test
7
Auckland Council (and
predecessors)
Most council property has ‘Auckland Council’
listed as the owner, but there are a few examples
that have its predecessors, both immediate and
distant (for example councils that were
disestablished under the 1989 local government
reforms), as owners.
Auckland Council
†
Test
8
Auckland Council CCOs (and
predecessors)
Council currently has six ‘substantive’ CCOs and
a number of legacy CCOs
Owner name from
title information
Test
9
Auckland Council subsidiaries
or CCO subsidiaries
Auckland Council and its CCOs also have
subsidiaries, as well shareholdings in companies;
where these are known they have been included
in this test.
Owner name from
title information
Test
10
Tūpuna Taonga o Tāmaki
Makaurau Trust
Auckland’s maunga are to held in trust for the
common benefit of the iwi/hapū of Ngā Mana
Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau and the other
people of by the Tūpuna Maunga o Tāmaki
Makaurau Authority (T
ūpuna Taonga o Tāmaki
Makaurau Trust)
Tūpuna Taonga o
Tāmaki Makaurau
Tests using parcel intent to identify owner
Test
11
Territorial Authority
Where parcel intent specifically states that a
parcel has been vested to a territorial authority.
Auckland Council
§
Test
12
Railway
Where parcel intent specifically states that it is
used for rail purposes.
Crown
§
Test
13
Crown
Where parcel intent specifically states that a
parcel has been vested to the Crown.
Crown
§
Test
14
Reserves and other gazetted
land
Where parcel intent states that a parcel has been
vested as a reserve or through a gazette notice,
but the owner may be the Crown, a territorial
authority, or another body.
Crown
§
Test
15
Common Marine and Coastal
Area
Where parcels have no owner, but are for public
use, under the Marine and Coastal Area (Takutai
Moana) Act.
Other
§
Tests using statutory action to identify own
Test
16
Schools
Where an action includes the term school,
education, or college, and does not include the
term ‘disposed of’.
Crown
§
Test
17
Motorways
Where an action includes the term motorway, and
does not include the term ‘disposed of’.
Crown
§
Test
18
Railway
Where an action includes the term railway, and
does not include the term ‘disposed of’.
Crown
§
Test
19
Crown Where an action includes the term ‘crown’. Crown
§
Test
20
Local government Where action includes the term ‘Town Hall’. Auckland Council
Test
21
Other land
Where an action includes the terms related to
reserves, stream and river beds, defence land,
and conservation areas.
Crown, Territorial
Authority, or other
body
Other tests to identify owner
Test
22
Within the DOC estate
This is a spatial query; where a parcel is within
the DOC estate, it is selected and tagged.
Crown
§
Publicly owned land in Auckland 57
– FME workbench showing modelling Appendix D
process to identify publicly owned land in Auckland
Publicly owned land in Auckland 58
Publicly owned land in Auckland 59
Publicly owned land in Auckland 60
Publicly owned land in Auckland 61
Publicly owned land in Auckland 62
Publicly owned land in Auckland 63
– FME workbench showing modelling Appendix E
process to tag flattened publicly owned land dataset
with additional attributes
Publicly owned land in Auckland 64
– FME workbench showing modelling Appendix F
process to create flattened publicly owned land
dataset for analysis
Publicly owned land in Auckland 65
Find out more: phone 09 301 0101, email
[email protected] or visit
aucklandcouncil.govt.nz and knowledgeauckland.org.nz