Quick Reference Guide: Radiation Risk Information for Responders Following a Nuclear Detonation
5
“RULES OF THUMB” FOR RESPONDERS
At first sign of a
nuclear explosion
Shelter-in-place at the first sign of an intense flash of light and stay sheltered
for at least one hour to let the initial dust settle. Cover ears against sound
that will follow the visual blast.
Don’t rush in
Determine radiation levels first, wear appropriate PPE, define the mission
Stay aware of wind
and weather
Always approach potential fallout zones from upwind direction
Radiation Dose
The annual occupational dose limit for ionizing radiation is 5 rem (rad
or 0.05 Sv) This limit would likely be exceeded in an IND emergency
Keep exposures to a minimum, for the health and safety of
responders
Normal guideline for lifesaving or protection of large populations, 25
rem (rad or 0.25 Sv)
Catastrophic event, such as an IND incident, may warrant > 25 rem (rad
or 0.25 Sv) for lifesaving.
Exposure
Responders who are reasonably expected to exceed more than 25% of the
occupational dose limit, should be appropriately monitored.
Ensure responders have been adequately informed of and have an
adequate understanding of the risks, including of short- and long-term
effects, they may experience during missions, and are trained, to the
extent feasible, on actions to be taken.
Each responder must make an informed decision as to how much
radiation risk they are willing to accept to save lives.
Area for maximizing
rescue potential
The portion of the MD zone falling outside of the DF zone offers the best
potential for rescuing the most survivable victims.
Recognizing Fallout
Particles
Fine, sand-sized grains. However, lack of apparent fallout does not suggest
lack of radiation. Continued radiation monitoring is required.
Fallout decays
rapidly
7-10 Rule: For every sevenfold increase in time after detonation, there is a
tenfold decrease in the radiation rate.
So, after seven hours the radiation rate is only 10% of the original and after
49 hours (7 x 7 = 49) it is 1%.
Decision Dose or
Turn-back Dose
When approaching or surveying the scene, the 10 R/h (0.1 Gy/h) point
normally indicates that workers should return to a safe area, unless they are
undertaking a sufficiently justified mission to validate the exposure.
Acute Radiation
Syndrome (ARS)
Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea indicates exposure of 100 rad (1 Gy) or more.
Exit radiation area immediately and seek medical care.
Decontamination*
Remove all outer clothing and footwear. Shower if possible, or wipe skin
and hair with moist towelettes.
* For Medical Responders: Provide life-saving medical care before decontamination.
Do not forget -- all of the other hazards that go with a catastrophic event will still exist.